黄、东海环流的数值研究
Ⅰ. 黄、东海环流的数值模型国家自然科学基金重点项目(49736190)及国家973项目(G1999043703)资助收稿日期：20000117；修订日期：20000428
孙文心，男，1937年4月出生，教授，博导。
孙文心 刘桂梅1 江文胜 王 辉 张 平
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋研究所，青岛，266003； 1中科院海洋研究所，青岛，266071)
摘 要 首先依据拉格朗日环流理论与黄、东海的环流物理和几何特征建立一个黄、东海环流的动力学统一模型，并按其无因次方程的量阶分析获得其零阶和一阶模型方程。最后依此模型方程的数学、物理特征确立了流速分解方案，从而形成完整的黄、东海拉格朗日环流数值模型。该课题组已完成较系统地对黄、东海环流的数值研究。该篇论文为系列报道之首篇。
关键词 黄、东海；气候式流动；拉格朗日环流；数值模式；流速分解法
中图法分类号 P731.2
文章编号 10011862(2000)0336907
The Numerical Study of Circulation in the Yellow Sea and
East China Sea l. The Numerical Circulation Model
in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
Sun Wenxin Liu Guimei1 Jiang Wensheng Wang Hui Zhang Ping
(Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003 1Institute of Oceanography of Chinese Academy, Qingdao, 266071)
Abstract This is the first paper in a series where the general circulation in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea is studied numerically in the frame of the Lagrangian circulation theory. In this paper the dynamic model is established according to the physical and geometric features of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on the Lagrangian circulation theory. The zeroth order and first order equations are derived from the above model by scale analysis. Then the current splitting method is proposed to solve the differential equations numerically. Thus the numerical Lagrangian circulation model is established in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.
Key Words Yellow Sea and East China Sea; climatic circulation; Lagrangian circulation; numerical model; splitting current method
一阶湍封闭的某些改进收稿日期：19990630；修订日期：20000405刘 烽，男，1962年12月出生，副教授。
刘 烽 毕雪岩
(青岛海洋大学海洋气象系，青岛，266003)
摘 要 应用Prandtl混合长理论导得既包含梯度项又包含二阶导数的湍流通量闭合方案，并进一步分析了该封闭方案用于湍流扩散方程的数值解行为。分析表明：(1) 扩散项使污染物扩散并趋于空间均匀分布，而频散项导致污染物空间分布非均匀；(2) 所给出的改进后的一阶湍流封闭方案既可解释标量物质的局地反梯度输送现象又可能使K理论用于混合层。
关键词 湍流扩散；湍流封闭；反梯度输送
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 10011862(2000)0337607
Some Improvement in First Order Closure Scheme
for Turbulent Diffusion
Liu Feng Bi Xueyan
(Dept. of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract A modified first turbulent closure scheme is derived based on Prandtl mixing length theory, and a consequential turbulent diffusion equation which contains not only a diffusion term but also a dispersion term is developed. The preliminary studies in this paper emphasize the contribution of countergradient transportation to the spatial inhomogeneous distribution of property concentration distribution. The results of simple numerical simulation of the newly derived turbulent diffusion equation show that (1) turbulent diffusion makes the concentration spatially homogeneous but turbulent dispersion results in inhomogeneous spatial distribution. (2) The local countergradient transportation phenomena of property in turbulent shear flow can be expressed by utilizing the modified first turbulent closure scheme in the paper, furthermore, the closure scheme may make the K theory available in CBL.
Key words turbulent diffusion; turbulent closure scheme; countergradient transportation
洋浦经济开发区污水排海总量控制 海南洋浦土地开发有限公司资助项目 收稿日期：19991124；修订日期：20000508
孙英兰，女，1942年4月出生，硕士，教授。
孙英兰 王丽霞 史峰岩
(青岛海洋大学环境科学与工程研究院，青岛，266003) (华东师范大学，上海，200062)
摘 要 研究建立洋浦近岸海域岸界自适应网格变动边界的潮流模型及物质输运模型。对开发区提出的多种污水排海方案进行污水质点拉格朗日追踪、污水排海的水质预测及工程投资分析，推荐了最佳排污口位置，最后计算了污水最大排放量及8种污染物控制指标排放总量，为洋浦开发区的环境管理与保护提供决策依据。
关键词 洋浦开发区；数值模拟；自适应网格；污水排海；总量控制
中图法分类号 P76 文章编号
10011862(2000)0338307
The Total Discharging Control
at Yangpu Economic Development Zone
Sun Yinglan1 Wang Lixia1 Shi Fengyan2
(1The Environmental Science and Engineening Academy of Ocean University
of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
(2Teachers University of Huadong,Shanghai,200062)
Abstract A tidal current model and mass transport model with the selfadaptive grid and moving boundary of Yangpu coast are developed. The Lagrangian tracking model is used to trace the trajectory of pollutant particles. The water quality model is used to predict the pollutant concentration.The decisionoptimizing method is used to analyse the engineering investment. The optimum outfall is selected from the different discharging schemes on the basis of the computed results.
Key words Yangpu Economic Development Zone; selfadaptive grid; numerical model; discharging engineering; total discharging control
山东飞机人工增雨效益估算系统国家“九五”科技攻关项目(960200105)和中国气象局吉林省人民政府人工影响天气联合开放实验室2000年科学基金课题资助
收稿日期：19991011；修订日期：20000329王以琳，男，1956年5月出生，高工。
王以琳
(山东省气象科学研究所，济南，250031)
摘 要 在山东飞机人工增雨效益估算系统中，根据冷云催化剂扩散模式，以作业区内碘化银粒子扩散的浓度为依据，确定飞机人工增雨的影响区；以天气系统历史降雨量的分布等条件确定对比区；采用单次天气系统分层历史回归或区域对比的统计方法确定增雨量。该系统在较客观地选择对比区和影响区的问题上有较大的改进。程序操作简单，实现了业务化。
关键词 人工增雨；效益估算；扩散；碘化银；山东
中图法分类号 P481 文章编号 10011862(2000)0339007
An Effect Evaluation System for Cloud Seeding
Wang Yilin
(\%Shandong Meteorological Institute, Jinan,250031\%)
Abstract In this system the target area is determined according to the diffusion model of cold cloud catalyst and the diffusion concentration of silver iodide particles in the operation area, the contrast area is determined based on conditions such as the rainfall distributions of historical weather systems, and the precipitation enhancement is calculated by using the layered regression for a single weather system or the region contrast method. The system shows improvements in the objective selection of the contrast area and the target area. It is simple to operate and has come into daily routine use.
Key words artificial precipitation; effect evaluation; diffusion; silver iodide; Shandong
车轮虫属(原生动物，纤毛门)种类鉴定的方法学
国家973课题(G1999012001)及“长江学者奖励计划”联合资助
收稿日期：19990401；修订日期：19991007
徐奎栋，男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 车轮虫属的种间区分长期以来一直是生产实践中该类病原鉴定的突出难点之一。结合作者及前人的研究工作，该文提出一适用于车轮虫属内种类鉴定的综合方法与简明要旨。文中对车轮虫的形态学，包括活体外形、齿体、辐线、附着盘中央颗粒、核器及口围绕体等进行了简要地叙述及图解式介绍; 对车轮虫附着盘中央颗粒的分类学意义进行了总结和评析; 同时，对车轮虫的生境特征在种类鉴定上的意义做了探讨。
关键词 车轮虫; 鉴定; 方法学
中图法分类号 Q959.117+6⑦；①34
文章编号 10011862(2000)0339709
Diagnostic Methods for Identification of the Species
within the Genus Trichodina Ehrenberg,
1838 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdaso, 266003)
Abstract The present work deals with the diagnostic methods for the species separation of Trichodina, which, as parasites or pathogens, commonly occur in aquaculture animals. The diagnostic character of the species of Trichodina consists of the shape of living cells, detailed structure of adhesive disc (e.g. denticle, radial pin, border membrane and the presence/absence of granule of central zone), nuclear apparatus, adoral ciliary spiral and habitat etc. The structure of granule of central zone in some trichodinids is specific and can be regarded as one of the important diagnostic characteristics. An illustrated guide to these characters is presented and discussed.
Key words Trichodina; identification; methodology
海水养殖鱼类外寄生车轮虫I.车轮虫属
教育部重点项目及“长江学者奖励计划”联合资助
收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：19991107
徐奎栋, 男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室, 青岛, 266003)
摘 要 依据干银法和蛋白银染色法研究了山东沿海养殖鱼类的4种寄生车轮虫属纤毛虫: 直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫及小袖车轮虫, 其中直钩车轮虫为我国的新记录。作者对采自不同宿主的直钩车轮虫种群的形态学特征进行了比较描述, 对所涉车轮虫的形态学、宿主、分布、流行情况及危害程度等做了综合报道。
关键词 车轮虫; 寄生虫; 海洋纤毛虫; 养殖鱼类
中图法分类号 S943; Q959.117+6⑦ 文章编号 10011862(2000)0340607
Parasitic Trichodinid Ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichida)
from Mariculture Fishes I. Genus Trichodina
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract This paper deals with ectoparasitic trichodinid ciliates from some mariculture fishes off the coast of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay. Four species of trichodinids, Trichodina rectuncinata, T.domerguei, T.japonica and T.murmanica, which as pathogens, are harmful to host fishes, are described based on dry silver and protargol impregnated specimens. Two populations of T. rectuncinata from different hosts are described in detail and discussed. The morphometric data and comparative descriptions of these trichodinids, their prevalence, distribution and harmfulness are presented and discussed.
Key words Trichodina; parasite; marine ciliate; mariculture fish
海水养殖鱼类外寄生车轮虫II.拟车轮虫属、小车轮虫属及两分虫属
教育部重点项目及“长江学者奖励计划”联合资助
收稿时期：19990708;修订日期：19991007
徐奎栋，男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室, 青岛, 266003)
摘 要 依据干银法和蛋白银法染色法研究了黄渤海沿岸经济鱼类寄生的车轮虫科内3属4种纤毛虫: 球核拟车轮虫、斜拟车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫。其中球核拟车轮虫和斜拟车轮虫为我国的新记录。文中对所涉车轮虫的形态学、宿主、分布、流行情况等做了报道。
关键词 车轮虫科; 寄生虫; 海洋纤毛虫; 养殖鱼类
中图法分类号 Q959.117+6⑥；S943
文章编号 10011862(2000)0341305
Parasitic Trichodinid Ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichida) from Mariculture Fishes II. Genera Paratrichodina, Trichodinella and Dipartiella
Xu Kuidong Song Weibo(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)Abstract The present work deals with ectoparasitic trichodinid ciliates from some marine fishes off the coast of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Bay. Four species of trichodinids, Paratrichodina globonuclea, Paratrichodina obliqua, Trichodinella lomi and Dipartiella simplex, which are, as pathogens, harmful to mariculture fishes, are described based on dry silver and protargol impregnated specimens.The morphometric data of these trichodinids, their prevalence, distribution and harmfulness are presented and discussed.
Key words Trichodinidae; parasite; marine ciliate; mariculture fish
鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察教育部重点项目及“长江学者奖励计划”联合资助收稿日期：19990708；修订日期：20000428
徐奎栋, 男，1969年12月出生，博士。
徐奎栋 孟繁林1 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室, 青岛, 266003
1 青岛崂山区海洋与水产局, 青岛, 266101)
摘 要 报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为: 直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫5种车轮虫科纤毛虫, 其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明, 鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水养殖鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。
关键词 车轮虫病; 鳃寄生; 鲈鱼; 纤毛虫; 扫描电镜术
中图法分类号 S965.211；S947.1+3
文章编号 10011862(2000)0341805
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the
Histopathology of Trichodiniasis of the
Mariculture Fish, Lateolabrax japonicus
Xu Kuidong Meng Fanlin1 Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003
1Ocean and Fishery Bureau of Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101)
Abstract Trichodiniasis of the marine fish, Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes) in the mariculture pond off the coast of Qingdao caused by trichodinid gill parasites was surveyed. 5 species were recognized as pathogens: Trichodina rectuncinata, T. domerguei, T. japonica, Trichodinella lomi and Dipartiella simplex, of which Trichodina rectuncinata was a dominant form. Histopathology of the gills of Lateolabrax japonicus infested by trichodinids was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that due to the attachment of trichodinids on the surface of the gills of the host, serious physical damage could be caused to the host tissue. The pathogeny, extent of harmfulness and control approach are discussed.
Key words Trichodiniasis; gill parasite; Lateolabrax japonicus; ciliate; scanning electron microscopy
研究简报
扇形游仆虫对细菌及小球藻摄食的初步探讨
山东省优秀青年科学家基金课题及“长江学者奖励计划”联合资助
收稿日期：19990714；修订日期：20000128
马洪钢，男，1976年9月出生，助工。
马洪钢 张绍丽 宋微波
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛，266003)
提 要 选用大肠杆菌及小球藻投喂海洋腹毛目纤毛虫扇形游仆虫，对其摄食习性、种群自然增长率及其间的能量转化进行了观察和探讨。结果显示：游仆虫摄食细菌和小球藻的种群自然增长率分别为0.64/d和0.37/d，其能量转化率分别为44.2%和21.6%；在适宜密度的细菌和小球藻存在条件下，游仆虫能迅速形成较高的增长率，而不出现明显的诱发生长期。
关键词 扇形游仆虫；小球藻；种群自然增长率；摄食习性
中图法分类号 Q958.885.3
文章编号 10011862(2000)0342305
Preliminary Studies on the Marine Ciliate, Euplotes vannus
Grazing Bacteria and Microalgae, Chlorella sp.
Ma Honggang Zhang Shaoli Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao， 266003)
Abstract The grazing characteristics and biomass of a marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus fed by bacteria and microalgae were observed and discussed. The results exhibit that the natural rate of increase (r) of E. vannus feeding on bacteria is 0.64/d, and the energy transformation rate is around 44.2%, while in another experimental population fed with algae they are 0.37/d and 21.6% respectively. The population growth began almost immediately after the ciliate was inoculated and no lag phase was recognized in the culture of populations provided with sufficient food.
Key words Euplotes vannus；Chlorella sp.；natural rate of increase；grazing characteristics
30株海洋绿藻的总脂含量和脂肪酸组成
国家海洋863高新技术发展计划项目(8190201)资助
收稿日期：19991208；修订日期：20000428
曹春晖，女，1971年1月出生，硕士生。
曹春晖 孙世春 麦康森 梁 英
(青岛海洋大学水产养殖实验室 青岛 266003)
提 要 对11属(小球藻属、绿囊藻属、微绿球藻属、海绿球藻属、卵胞藻属、原球藻属、咸胞藻属、杜氏藻属、裂丝藻属、塔胞藻属和衣藻属)的30株海洋绿藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养，在指数生长末期收获，进行了总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析。21株海洋绿藻的总脂含量超过干重的10%，达11.61%～34.49%，其它9株在4.25%～9.48%之间，绿藻的16碳和18碳脂肪酸最为丰富，有着含量较高的16∶0、16∶(n3)、18∶2(n6)和18∶3(n3)脂肪酸。两株小球藻(C95，C97)的20∶5(n3)脂肪酸含量较高，分别为20.8%和26.1%。另一株小球藻(C102)和两株裂丝藻(C19和C20)EPA含量居中，分别为8.0%，6.0%和8.1%。其它藻株一般只含有少量的20∶5(n3)和22∶6(n3)或不含22∶6(n3).
关键词 海洋绿藻；总脂；脂肪酸
中图法分类号 S968.41；TQ22.1+⑦
文章编号 10011862(2000)0342807
Fatty Acid Composition and Total Lipid Content of 30 Strains of Marine Green Algae
Cao Chunhui Sun Shichun Mai Kangsen Liang Ying
(Aquaculture Research Lab, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
Abstract Total lipid content and fatty acid composition of 30 strains of 11 genera (Chlorella, Chlorosarcinopsis,Nannochloris, Halochlorococcum.Oocytis, Protococcus, Brachiomonas, Dunaliella, Stichococcus, Pyramimonas and Chlamydomonas)of marine green algae were studied. The microalgae were cultured under defined conditions and harvested during later log phase. Total lipid contents and fatty acids were determined and analysed. The results suggest that the total lipid contents of marine green algae were more than 10% of dry weight (11.61%～34.49%)except 9 strains (4.52%～9.48%).High levels of 20∶5(n3) were present in two strains of Chlorella(C95,C97)(20.8% and 26.1% of the total fatty acids), another Chlorella(C102) and two strains of Stichococcus(C19 and C20) had middle levels of EPA(8.0%,6.0% and 8.1%).Little 20∶5(n3) and 22∶6(n3) FA were detected in the other strains. The major fatty acids in green algae were 16∶0,16∶1(n7),16∶4(n3),18∶1(n9),18∶2(n6) and 18∶3(n3)
Key words green algae; total lipid; fatty acids
研究简报
罗非鱼放养量对盐碱水微型生态系统浮游生物群落的影响国家“九五”攻关专题(960080401)和国家杰出青年科学基金(39725023)资助
收稿日期：19990330；修订日期：20000128
赵 文，男，1963年10月出生，博士，讲师。现在大连水产学院养殖系工作. 邮编: 116023。
赵 文 董双林 张兆琪 张美昭
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛266003)
摘 要 报道了放养不同密度的尼罗罗非鱼(orecohromis niloticus)对微型生态系统浮游生物影响的研究结果。罗非鱼的放养量为5个水平(0～8.12 kg·m-3)。结果表明，随着罗非鱼放养量的增大，蓝藻、金藻、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类的量、pH、和TN：TP比值下降；相反，绿藻、硅藻、原生动物、浮游植物叶绿素a含量、浊度、总碱度、电导率、TN和TP均增加；而在生物量上小型硅藻和绿藻占优势使浮游植物小型化。
关键词 尼罗罗非鱼；浮游生物；生物量；群落结构；盐碱池塘微型生态系统
中图法分类号 Q179.1；Q145+·2；Q178.1
文章编号 10011862(2000)0343506
The Effects of Tilapia(Orecohromis niloticus)Biomass
on the Community Structure of Plankton
in Salinealkaline Water Microcosms
Zhao Wen Dong Shuanglin Zhang Zhaoqi Zhang Meizhao
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstracts The effects of tilapia (Orecohromis niloticus) biomass on the community structure of plankton in the salinealkaline microcosms were studied. The stocking rates of tilapia were in five levels ranged from 0～8.12kg·m-3. The results indicate that the biomass of bluegreen algae, Clrysophyta,Rotatoria,Ciadocera and Copepoda, the pH and the ratio of TN to TP declined with the increase of tilapia biomass. And, however,the biomass of green algae, diatom and protozoa, chlorophylla of phytoplandton, turbidity,alkalinity, conductivity rates, total nitrigen (TN) and total phosphorus increased with the increase of tilapia biomass. The community was predominated by small sized species of diatoms and green algae in all the microcosms with higher tilapia biomasses.
Key Words Orecohromis niloticus; plankton; biomass; community structure; salinealkaline water microcosms
研究简报
栉江珧生殖细胞的发生国家攀登计划B项目(PDB631)资助
收稿日期：19990815；修订日期：20000120
王梅芳，女，1964年11月出生，讲师。
王梅芳1，2 余祥勇2 王如才1
(1青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
(2湛江海洋大学水产学院，湛江，524025)
摘 要 通过观察栉江珧(Atrina pectinata linnaeus)的未分化生殖细胞，精原细胞和卵原细胞，精母细胞和卵母细胞，精子和卵子的形态结构与分布状况及核仁在卵成熟过程中的变化，对栉江珧生殖细胞发生及成熟过程的有关问题进行了探讨。
关键词 栉江珧；配子发生；生殖细胞；双质核仁
中图法分类号 S944.4+1/.4+9；Q132.1
文章编号 10011862(2000)0344106
Gametogenesis in Atria pectinata Linnaeus (Mollusca, Bivalvia)
Wang Meifang1,2 Yu Xiangyong2 Wang Rucai1
(1 Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2 Fishery college, Ocean University of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524025)
Abstract The spermatogensis and oogenesis in marine mollusca, Atrina pectinata Linnaeus were studied. The diversity and arrangement of gonadal cells during their development, and the variation of nucleous were observed. The results show that, with the maturity of the gonad, the undifferentiated germ cell divided and differentiated to smaller oogonium or spermatogonia, and the oogonium or spermatogonia transformed to oocyte and sperm undergoing a series of maturation process. Four types of amphinucleous were noticed in mature oogonium. Under the electronic microscope, four mitochondria were observed at the middle piece of a mature sperm.
Key words Atrina pectinata Linnaeus; spermatogensis; oogenesis; undifferentiated germ cell; amphinucleou
非整倍体太平洋牡蛎的存活、生长与性腺发育国家自然科学基金项目(39900111)及高科技发展计划项目(8638190101)资助
收稿日期：19991008；修订日期：20000128王昭萍，女，1966年7月出生，博士。
王昭萍 郭希明1 张筱兰 李 斌贝 王如才
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛，266003)
(1Haskin Shellfish Research Lab.Port Norris, NJ08349,USA)
摘 要 在二倍体与四倍体杂交产生的三倍体牡蛎群中检测到了非整倍体，其中3n±1非整倍体相对于三倍体的存活率为60.98%。非整倍体牡蛎作为一个群体，其生长与其三倍体同胞在体重上无明显差异，且与三倍体一样明显大于其二倍体对照组。非整倍体牡蛎的性腺发育情况与三倍体个体相当，也能产生成熟的生殖细胞。
关键词 太平洋牡蛎；非整倍体；存活；生长；性腺发育
中图法分类号 S944.4+1；Q173 文章编号 10011862(2000)0344706
Survival,Growth and Gonadal Development
in Aneuploid Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Wang Zhaoping Guo Ximing1 Zhang Xiaolan Li Yun Wang Rucai
(ARL, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(1Haskin Shellfish Research Lab.Port Norris,NJ 08349,USA)
Abstract Aneuploid Pacific oyster were founded in triploid population produced by mating diploid with tetaploid oyster. The survival rate of 3n±1 aneupploids was 60.98% relative to that of triploids. Aneuploids as a group did not differ significantly in body weight from their triploid counterparts. The gonadal development in aneuploid is similar to that of triploids and can produce mature gametes.
Key words Pacific oyster; aneuploid; survival; growth; gonadal development
摄食水平对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)
幼鱼生长影响的初步研究国家自然科学基金课题(39670574)和国家自然科学基金重大项目基金(497901001)资助收稿日期：20000106：修稿日期：20000321线薇薇，女，1969年11月出生，博士。
线薇薇朱鑫华
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003) (中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛266071)
提 要 褐牙鲆幼鱼(体重0.71～4.16g；体长4.45～8.14cm)在24℃下保持5个摄食水平(0～最大)。投喂人工配合饵料。湿重、干重、蛋白质及能量的特定生长率与摄食水平呈线性关系，相关系数分别为0.8864，0.8311，0.8016和0.8577(n=33,p<0.05)。随摄食水平增加，干重、蛋白质和能量的转化效率升高，平均总转化效率分别为33.77%、33.89%和33.03%。
关键词 褐牙鲆；摄食水平；特定生长率；转化效率
中图法分类号 S96 文章编号 10011862(2000)0345306
Preliminary Study on the Effect of Ration on Growth of
Bastard Halibut Paralichthys olivaceus(T.et S.)
Xian Weiwei
(\%Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003\%)
Zhu Xinhua
(\%Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071\%)
Abstract The growth rate of juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (body weight: 0.71~4.16, body length: 4.45~8.14) was studied at temperature 24℃ at five rations raging from starvation to maximum. Fed manual concert forage, the specific growth rate of wet body weight, dry body weight, protein and energy increased linearly with ration size, r=0.8864, 0.8311, 0.8016, and 0.8577(n=33, P<0.05). The conversion efficiency of dry body weight, protein and energy increased with ration size, the average gross conversion efficiency was 33.77%, 33.89% and 33.03%.
Key words Paralichthys olivaceus; ration size; specific growth rate; conversion efficiency
分步电泳法检测古糖酯收稿日期：20000107；修订日期：20000303邓 岗，男，1965年4月出生，硕士，讲师。
邓 岗 耿美玉 辛现良 李 静 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
张 岩
(青岛第二人民医院，青岛，266033)
摘 要 应用分步电泳法检测水溶液和大鼠尿液中的古糖酯(Propyleneglucol Guluronate Sodium Sulfate,PGSS).该醋酸纤维膜电泳选用两种电泳液：(1)0.1 mol·L-1的醋酸锌溶液，pH6.0;(2) 1.0 mol·L-1的醋酸钡溶液，pH5.0。电泳膜于0.5%阿利辛兰水溶液中染色，1%醋酸溶液褪色。该法能够检测不同介质中的古糖酯，水溶液中的检测下限为电泳膜上加样 100ng，尿液中古糖酯浓度高于500 ng/mL，经提取可以用此法测得。实验证实该法灵敏、稳定性高、重现性好。
关键词 海洋药物；古糖酯；分步电泳
中图法分类号 R282.77 文章编号 10011862(2000)0345904
Detection of Propyleneglucol Guluronate Sodium Sulfate(PGSS)
with Discontinuous Electrophoresis
Deng Gang Geng Meiyu Xin Xianliang Li Jing Guan Huashi
(Institute of Marine Drugs and Foods,
Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Zhang Yan
(The Second People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao,266033)
Abstract To detect propyleneglucol guluronate sodium sulfate(GPSS) in solution and pooled rat urine with cellulose membrane discontinuous electrophoresis, two electrophoretic buffers were employed:0.1 mol·L-1zinc acetate and 1.0 mol·L-1 barium acetate. The resulting electrophoretic stripe was stained by 0.5% alcian blue and destained by 1% acetic acid. As low as 100ng GPSS loaded on the membrane and 500ng/mL of GPSS in pooled rat urine were detectable with this method. The detection has been proved to be sensitive, reliable and reproducible.
Key words marine drugs; propyleneglucol guluronate sodium sulfate (PGSS); discontinuous electrophoresis
Antihypertensive Effects of Dpolymannuronic
Sulfate in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats (Series I)
Supported by National NinthFive Year Plan Key Project Foundation (No.96C 020401)
Received: 19990913; Revised: 20000418
Zhu Haibo (朱海波) Geng Meiyu (耿美玉) Guan Huashi (管华诗)
(Department of Marine Pharmacology, Marine Drugs and Foods Institute, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract To investigate the antihypertensive effects of Dpolymannuronic sulfate (DPS) in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR) ［twokidney one clip, Goldblatt (2K 1C)］, the effect of a single injection of DPS at doses of 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.50 and 25.00 mg/kg was studied in renovascular hypertensive rats in the acute therapeutic experiment. While in the prophylactic experiment，the effects of DPS given orally at doses of 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 mg/kg once a day for five weeks simultaneously with the initiation of the establishment of the renovascular hypertensive model were evaluated. In the acute therapeutic experiment, DPS markedly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in DPStreated RHR dosedependently, and decreased heart rate with the reduction in arterial blood pressure. In the prophylactic experiment, DPS prevented the rise in SBP and DBP in the RHR with DPS administration in a dosedependent manner in comparison with that of the RHR without DPS administration, and DPS at a dose of 50 mg/kg bore a similarity in hypotensive potency to that of captopril (14 mg/kg). These results indicated that DPS exerted antihypertensive activities dosedependently in renovascular hypertensive rats.
Key words marine Dpolymannuronate sulfate (DPS); antihypertensive effect; renovascular hypertensive rats
海洋硫酸多糖DPS对肾血管性高血压大鼠的降压作用
国家“九五”科技攻关项目 (96C 020401)资助
收稿日期：19990913；修订日期：20000418
朱海波，男，1966年9月出生，博士，讲师。
朱海波 耿美玉 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所海洋药理研究室，青岛, 266003)
摘 要 目的：采用肾血管性高血压大鼠模型（两肾一夹型）观察海洋硫酸多糖DPS对肾血管性高血压大鼠的降压作用。方法：（1）急性降压实验：DPS分别以1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 mg/kg剂量单次舌下静脉注射给药，给药前后以颈总动脉插管法测定大鼠动脉血压和心率。（2）口服预防给药实验：在肾血管性高血压大鼠造模第二天起DPS以12.50 , 25.00，50.00 mg/kg口服预防给药五周，每日给药一次。于给药前、给药后第三周和第六周分别以尾动脉测压法测定大鼠动脉血压和心率。血管紧张素转化酶卡托普利（14 mg/kg）作为口服预防给药实验阳性对照药。结果:在急性降压实验中，DPS能够显著降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压且其降压强度呈剂量依赖性，在降压的同时伴有心率减慢。DPS口服预防给药五周，能够呈剂量依赖性防止肾血管性高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压升高，且DPS 50.00 mg/kg的降压效果与卡托普利14 mg/kg相当。结论：海洋硫酸多糖DPS对肾血管性高血压大鼠的有良好的降压作用。
关键词 海洋硫酸多糖(DPS)；降压作用；肾血管性高血压大鼠
中图法分类号 R282.77 文章编号 10011862(2000)0346307
东海三豪口服液对大鼠心肌缺血的
保护作用及其机理的探讨
收稿日期：19990825；修订日期：20000128
李 静，女，1968年5月出生，硕士。
李 静 耿美玉 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 采用大鼠SC异丙肾上腺素(Iso)4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1×2d造成的心肌损伤模型，观察东海三豪口服液对心脏的保护作用。实验结果表明东海三豪口服液能显著降低Iso所致心肌缺血大鼠整体心电图J点的变化，减少心肌细胞中LDH、CPK的释放，增强血清、心肌中SOD、GSH-PX活性，降低心肌、血清MDA水平，此外还能明显减少血清、心肌FFA的生成，缩小心肌梗塞面积，阻止Ca2+内流，稳定心肌细胞钙的含量。证实东海三豪口服液对大鼠实验性心肌缺血有明显保护作用，提示东海三豪口服液可能是一种作用多环节多途径、口服易吸收、毒副作用小，疗效显著的抗心肌缺血的保健食品。
关键词 东海三豪：异丙肾上腺素；心肌缺血；自由基
中图法分类号 R282.77 文章编号 10011862(2000)0347007
Protective Effects of Dhsh and its Related
Mechanism of Action on Myocardial Ischemia in Rats
Li jing Geng Meiyu Guan Huashi
(Marine Drugs and Foods Institue,Ocean University of Oingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The protective effects of Dhsh on Isoinduced myocardial ischemia were studied in Wistar rats. The oral administration of Dhsh significantly allayed the fluctuation of J junction in electrocardiogram induced by Iso (4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1×2d),accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the release of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase to serum. Dhsh also decreased the formation of free fatty acids both in serum and myocardial tissue. In addition, Dhsh remarkably blocked the production of malonaldehyde and relieved the overload of intracellular calcium. Further study demonstrated the promotion activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, subseqeuntly the reduction of infarctced area.
These observations might give us a better understanding of the mechanism of the action of Dhsh. Its prophylactic effects may be related to its action of scavenging oxygen free radicals from myocardium. Dhsh characterized by its low toxicity and potent pharmacological activity might serve as a new tool to develop specifically functional foods in the prevention of ischemic diseases.
Key words Donghaisanhao;Isoproterenol;myocardial ischemia;free radicals
Fish Population Behavior and their Relation
to the Environment VariationsThe work is supported by the Naional Natural sicence Foundation of China (No. 39770584)
Received: 19990914； Revised: 20000128
Liu Qun(刘 群) Ren Yiping(任一平) Wang Yanjun(王艳君)
(Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The essential biological feature of any fishery is the dynamics of fish population. The classical fish population dynamic models were largely on the basis of stable population behavior assumption. This paper generalizes the theoretical behavior of fish populations. The fish population behaviors are largely classified into: (1) Steady state. Stocks sustain a more or less steady yield over reasonably long periods of time (responsiveness parameter=0.02). (2) Cyclical. Stocks show periods of high catches regularly followed by periods of low catches(responsiveness parameter=0.22). (3). Spasmodic. Stocks produce major yields and then collapse without any major recovery(responsiveness parameter=0.3). When the environment variations are high, the white noise level(coefficient of variation) increases to 35%, the stable fish population becomes spasmodic. When the white noise level(coefficient of variation) increases to 20%, the cyclical fish population becomes spasmodic.
Key words fish population dynamics; fish population behavior; environment variation
鱼类种群行为及其与环境变化的关系国家自然科学基金课题(39770584)资助
收稿日期：19990914；修订日期：20000128
刘 群，男，1964年6月出生，教授，博导。
刘 群 任一平 王艳君
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 任何渔业的重要生物特征是鱼类种群的变动。经典的鱼类种群动态模型是以稳定的种群行为为基础的。作者阐述了鱼类种群的行为，并划分为三种类型: (1)稳定型：种群在较稳定产量上维持较长时间(反应系数0.02)。(2) 周期型：种群表现出周期性的高产量和低产量(反应系数0.22)。(3) 不稳定型：种群产生高产量后无可挽回地崩溃了(反应系数0.3)。在环境变化较大时，白色噪音水平(变动系数)增加至35%，稳定型种群变为不稳定型。在白色噪音水平(变动系数)增加至20%时，周期型种群变为不稳定型。
关键词 鱼类种群动态模型；鱼类种群行为；环境变化
中图法分类号 S931.1
文章编号 10011862(2000)0347705
日本绒螯蟹线粒体DNA序列研究
Ⅱ.16S rRNA国家自然科学基金课题(39970578)和山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金资助收稿日期：20000228；修订日期：20000415
高天翔，男，1962年6月出生，博士，副教授。
高天翔 任一平 张秀梅
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛 266003)
渡边精一
(日本东京水产大学水生生物系，东京，1088477)
杨永恒
(北海水产局渔政站，北海，536000)
摘 要 参考果蝇、卤虫与锯缘青蟹的线粒体DNA 16S rRNA基因序列进行了日本绒螯蟹相同基因片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定，得到567bp的碱基序列，其A、T、G、C含量分别为194bp (34.22%)、216bp (38.10%)、98bp (17.28%)、59bp (10.41%)，与果蝇、卤虫及锯缘青蟹类的16S rRNA基因片段序列含量相似。
关键词 日本绒螯蟹；线粒体DNA；16S rRNA；基因序列
中图法分类号Q178.53; Q24+4
Study on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences of
Japanese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir japonica
II. 16S rRNA
Gao Tianxiang Ren Yiping Zhang Xiumei
(Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Watanabe Seiichi
(Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo, 108～8477 Japan)
Yang Yongheng
(Fishery Department of Aquatic Bureau of Beihai, Beihai, 536000)
Abstract The primers of mtDNA 16S rRNA gene of Eriocheir japonica were designed by using the sequences of Drosophila yakuba, Artemia franciscana, and Scylla spp. We successfully amplified and sequenced the 567 base pairs that encode the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene. The contents of A, T, G, and C were 194bp (34.22%), 216bp (38.10%), 98bp (17.28%) and 59bp (10.41%) respectively, which are similar with the sequences of Drosophila yakuba, Artemia franciscana, and Scylla spp.
Key words Eriocheir japonica; mitochondrial DNA; 16S rRNA; DNA sequence
A New Species of Terschellingia (Nematoda) from
the Bohai Sea, ChinaReceived: 20000104; Revised: 20000328
Guo Yuqing(郭玉清) Zhang Zhinan(张志南)
(College of Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract A new species of freeliving marine nematode, Tershellingia austenae sp. nov. from the Bohai Sea, China, is described and illustrated. Tershellingia austenae sp. nov can be separated from a similar species, T.maldiversis in the genus by the length of body (L=770~950μm in the former compared to L=2370 μm in the latter), the position of subcephalic setae which are situated either side of the amphids in the former compared to situated posterior to the amphids in the latter and the length of subcephalic setae (longer in the former than in the latter ). The amphid width as % of corresponding diameter is larger in the Tershellingia austenae sp. nov than in the T. maldivensis (50～60 vs 45). A tabular key is provided to facilitate species identification in the group of lack of a distinctly offset, rounded oesophageal bulb in this genus. The types are deposited in the Natural History Museum (London).
Key Words free living marine nematodes; Terschellingia; the Bohai Sea
中国渤海的微口线虫属(线虫动物门)一新种
国家自然科学基金课题(39770145；497901001). 国家教育部博士学科点基金课题(97042306)和英国达尔文启动项目，联合资助。
收稿日期：20000104；修订日期：20000328
郭玉清, 女, 1965年4月出生，博士，讲师。
郭玉清 张志南
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 描述了中国渤海自由生活海洋线虫一新种，奥氏微口线虫Tershellingia austenae sp.nov ，奥氏微口线虫与同属相近种马尔代夫微口线虫的区别特征是:体长（前者为770~950μm，后者为2370μm）、亚头刚毛的位置（前者位于化感器的两边，后者位于化感器之后）及长度（前者明显长于后者），化感器宽度与相应体直径的比例在新种中也更大一些（50~60 vs 45）。提供了一个表格式检索表，以助鉴定和比较该属缺乏明显界定食道后球的一个种组。模式标本存放于英国伦敦自然历史博物馆。
关键词 自由生活海洋线虫; 微口线虫属; 渤海
中图法分类号 Q178.1 文章编号 10011862(2000)0348706
Microbial Flora in the Digestive Tract of
Adult Penaeid Shrimp(Penaeus chinensis)
Supported by the Commission of the European Communities under the STD3 program“Life Sciences and Technologies for Developing Countries”(Contract number: TS3CT940269).
Received: 19990302; Revised: 19991109
Wang Xianghong(王祥红) Li Huirong(李会荣) Zhang Xiaohua(张晓华)
Li Yun(李 筠) Ji Weishang(纪伟尚) Xu Huaishu(徐怀恕)
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The microbial flora in the gut of the adult penaeid shrimp, Penaeus chinensis, was investigated and 47 isolated bacterial strains were purified and identified. The bacterial strains belonged to Vibrios. Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Photobacterium, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Flexibacter and Chromobacterium. The bacteria dominant in the whole gut of the adult shrimp were Vibrios and Photobacterium, while those dominant in the foregut, midgut and hindgut were Vibrios and Photobacterium. The heterotrophic bacterial counts in the foregut, midgut and hindgut of the adult shrimp were 1.3×105，2.8×105 and 1.1×104 cfu/shrimp respectively.
Key words Penaeus chinensis; gut of shrimp; microflora
中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系
欧盟委员会STD3项目(合同号TS3CT940269)资助
收稿日期：19990602；修订日期：19991109
王祥红，男，1967年6月出生，硕士，工程师。
王祥红 李会荣 张晓华 李 筠 纪伟尚 徐怀恕
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 对野生健康中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系进行了研究。从其肠道中分离出47株菌，它们分别属于弧菌属、发光杆菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属8个属。其中弧菌属和发光杆菌属在整个肠道中为优势菌属，不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属为次优势菌属，黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属为非优势菌属。在对虾的整个肠道中，前肠和中肠的优势菌属为弧菌属，而后肠的优势菌属为发光杆菌属。在弧菌属中溶藻胶弧菌、漂浮弧菌和坎贝氏弧菌为优势菌，哈唯氏弧菌为非优势菌。前肠、中肠和后肠的菌量分别为1.3×105、2.8×105和1.1×104cfu/虾体。
关键词 中国对虾；对虾肠道；微生物区系
中图法分类号 Q178.53；Q938
文章编号 10011862(2000)0349306
蒽与苯并［a］芘对海洋微藻致毒影响的比较研究国家自然科学基金课题(39870146)资助收稿日期：19990921; 修订日期：20000428黄 健，女，1968年3月出生，在职博士生，讲师。
黄 健 刘向东1 唐学玺
（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003; 1青岛市科委，青岛，266071）
摘 要 新月菱形藻，球等鞭金藻8701和亚心形扁藻，分别用不同浓度的蒽和苯并［a］芘胁迫72h，测定三种藻的生长速率，叶绿素a含量。实验表明，三种微藻对蒽的敏感性由高到低依次为新月菱形藻、球等鞭金藻8701和亚心形扁藻，它们72h的半抑制浓度EC50分别是0.060mg/L、0.065mg/L和0.094mg/L。而对苯并［a］芘的敏感性由高到低依次为亚心形扁藻、新月菱形藻和球等鞭金藻8701，它们的72h·EC50分别是0.076mg/L、0.088mg/L和>0.10mg/L（在本实验范围内未测到）。叶绿素a含量与各自的相对增长率呈一定的正相关。不同的海洋微藻对蒽和苯并［a］芘的敏感性不同。
关键词 蒽；苯并［a］芘；海洋微藻；相对增长率；叶绿素a含量
中图法分类号 Q178.53; Q89; Q178.1 文章编号 10011862(2000)0349904
Study of the Anthracene and Benzo［a］pyrene Toxicity
Effect on Marine Microalgae
Huang Jian Liu Xinagdong Tang Xuexi
(\%Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of Qindao, Qindao, 266003\%)
Abstract Nitzschia clostertum, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701 and Platymonas subcordiformis （wille） Hazen were stressed by anthracene and benzo［a］pyrene at different concentrations for 72 hours. Then the relative increasing rates and the relative contents of Chlorophyll(a)were determined. For anthracene their sensitivies from high to low were Nitzschia clostertum, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701 and Platymonas subcordiformis （wille） Hazen. Their 72h·EC50 were 0.060mg/L, 0.065mg/L and 0.094mg/L respectively. But for benzo［a］pyrene, the sensitive sequence was Platymonas subcordiformis （wille） Hazen. Isochrysis galbana Park 8701 and Nitzschia clostertum. Their 72h·EC50 were 0.076mg/L, 0.088mg/L and >0.10mg/L respectively. The changing of Chlorophyll(a) content was consistent with that of the relative increasing rate.
Key words anthracene； benzo［a］pyrene； marine microalgae； relative increasing rate； Chlorophyll(a)
细胞生长时期对两种海洋微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响国家“九五”攻关项目(96CO20405、96CO201108)和海洋863项目(8190201)资助
收稿日期：19990531，修订日期：20000509
魏 东，男，1966年12月出生，博士。
魏 东 张学成 邹立红 徐年军
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 报道海洋微藻后棘藻(Ellipsoidion sp. 714)和眼点拟微球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)细胞生长时期对细胞内总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明，两种微藻的总脂均在稳定期含量最高，分别占干重的54.5%和43.3%，而EPA、ω3多不饱和脂肪酸和总PUFA的最高比例均出现在对数早期，EPA占总脂肪酸的比例可分别高达27.3%和27.7%，同时总脂的含量却最低，分别占干重的22.9%和22.0%。在生长对数期中EPA是脂肪酸的主要成分，而在稳定期中16∶0、16∶1ω9和18∶1ω9是脂肪酸的主要成分。
关键词 生长时期：后棘藻；眼点拟微球藻；总脂；脂肪酸；二十碳五烯酸(EPA)
中图法分类号 Q178.53；Q945；Q946 文章编号 10011862(2000)0350307
Effect of Cell Growth Phase on Total Lipid Content and
Fatty Acid Composition of Two Marine Microalgae
<