我国海浪理论及预报研究的回顾与展望
管长龙
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋实验室、物理海洋研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 作者从海浪谱、海浪统计分布、海浪预报方法及动力机制、破碎波和近岸的海浪5 个方面回顾与总结了我国在海浪理论及预报研究方面所取得的成果，最后对我国在新世纪的 海浪研究做一展望。
关键词 中国；海浪；综述
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-549-08
A Review of History and Prospect for Study of Sea
Wave Theory and Its Forecast in China
Guan Changlong
(Physical Oceanography Laboratory and Institute of Physical Oceanography ,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract In the present paper the achievements in the study of sea wave theory and forecast in China are reviewed in 5 aspects, i.e. sea wave spectra, the statistics of sea waves, wave forecasting method and dynamical mechan ism, breaking waves and waves in coastal zones. In addition, the prospect for the study of sea wave theory and its forecast in China in the new century is briefly given.
Key words China; sea waves; review
湍流局地平衡假设的新推论——齐次湍流动能输运方程封闭模型与应用(Ⅱ)
魏 皓 冯士筰 武建平 张 平
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋研究所，2 青岛海洋大学物理海洋实验室，青岛，266003，
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 在湍流局地平衡假设下，建立 了齐次湍能输运方程封闭模型(HKE)，并在平板边界层的两种经典流动中加以检验，给出HKE 封闭下的流速、湍流动能和湍流混合系数剖面的形式解。结果表明，HKE可以避免在流速剪 切为零时的无湍流混合问题，其解与Laufer湍流实验吻合，因而HKE模型比混合长理论有更 合理的内涵。文中还给出HKE封闭的浅海动力学模型，以湍应力和水位梯度力的平衡为运动 的基本受力平衡，进行了模型的量阶分析和运动分析：当阻尼频率和运动频率同量阶时，惯 性运动不可忽略；在潮振荡占优的浅海中，对流非线性相对于惯性运动为小量；当阻尼频率 足够大时，科氏力项相对于湍应力也可能为小量。
关键词 湍流封闭；湍流局地平衡；齐次湍流动能输运方程；浅 海动力学模型
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-557-06
New Deduction of the Local Turbulent Equilibrium——Homogeneous K-equation Turbulent
Closure Model and Its Application(Ⅰ)
Wei Hao Feng Shizuo Wu Jianping Zhang Ping
(Institute of Physical Oceanography,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
(Physical Oceanography Lab, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003,)
(First Institute of Ocean, SOA, Qingdao,266061)
Abstract Based on the hypotheses of local turbulent equilibrium, a new turbulen t closure model based on the using the Homogeneous K-equation(HKE) is developed in this paper. Applying this model to solving the flow between two parallel fla t planes with the upper one moving homogeneously and to a symmetrical flow with a constant gradient, the profiles of velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscosity are solved. The result obtained from the symmetrical flow is in agreement with Laufer's experiment. HKE can be used to close the fluid dynamic. Moreover it can avoid the fatal disadvantage of Mixing Length Hypotheses when solving problems with zero velocity shear. It suggests that HKE is superior to the closure model using Mixing Length Hypotheses. A hydrodynamic modle for coastal seas closed by HKE is proposd. Taking into consideration the nonlinear effect of turbulence, the movements in a coastal sea are analyzed. Turbulence presents a wide field of research in the coastal sea.
The basic balance in a coastal sea should be between vertical turbulent diffusio n and the water level gradient. When the movement frequency is in the same order as the damping frequency, the inertial effect cannot be ignored. In a coastal s ea where tide is the dominant movement, the advective nonlinear term is small re lative to the inertial effect. When the damping frequency is large enough the Co rilios term can also be ignored relative to turbulent stress. For the kinetic boundary condition at the sea surface, rigid lid hypotheses are fit for circulatio n but not for the tidal oscillation.
Key words turbulent closure;local turbulence equilibrium;homogenous turbulent kinetic energy transport equation;hydrodynamic model of the coastal sea
波面极大值处水质点水平加速度的统计分布
文 凡
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 基于Longuet-Higgins 线性海浪模型，在 二维情况下导出海浪波面极大值处水质点水平加速度分布律，其分布遵从正态分布。在分布 中引入新的谱宽度参量［(m2m4-m32)/m2m4］1/2。以Neumann谱为模式计算波面极大值处质点加速度分布。
关键词 海浪；波面极大值；正态分布
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 1001-1862 (2000)04-563-04
The Statistical Distribution of the Horizontal Accelerations of Water Particles at Wave Surface Maxima
Wen Fan
(Physical Oceanography Laboratory,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The study is made on the statistical distribution of the horizontal ac celerations of water particles at wave surface maxima. The distribution is derived on the basis of the linear modal for random waves proposed by LonguetHiggins. The Gaussian distribution is derived. A new spectral width parameter ((m2m4-m32)/m2m4)1/2 is introduced in the derivation. The Neumann spectrum is used in the calculation of the distribution.
Key words sea waves; wave surface maxima ; Gaussian distribution
副高对黄渤海夏季异常海温影响的数值试验
苏 洁 李 磊 高郭平 鲍献文
(青岛海洋大学海洋环境学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 副热带高压是黄、渤海夏季异常海温的重要成因之一。根据该海区夏季的气候特点，构造了一个典型的副高天气过程，利用“近海异常海温数 值预报模式”对海表层温度进行了数值试验。对该形势下引起黄、渤海夏季异常高温的各因 子进行了定量分析，给出了副高中心及其附近两点由各因子引起的增温率变化。试验表明， 副热带高压控制的天气情况下，短波辐射对该海区夏季异常高温的形成起主要作用，暖水辐聚的贡献占第二位。
关键词 黄、渤海；异常海温；副热带高压；短波辐射；暖水辐聚
中图法分类号 P722.4；P731.11 文章编号 1001-186 2(2000)04-567-08
Numerical Experiment of the Summer SSTA Affected by
Sub-tropical High in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
Su Jie Li Lei Gao Guoping Bao Xianwen
(College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Sub-tropical high is one of the main causes of summer S STA in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea. In this paper, an off-shore SSTA numerical forecasting model was employed to simulate the SST in this area. According to the summer climat e features of this area, a typical sub-tropical high process was constructed to further quantitatively analyze the cause of SSTA in summer. The SST variation caused by different factors in the position of sub-tropical high centre and the positions near it was given as well. The test showed that in the region dominate d by sub-tropical high, short-wave radiation was the main cause of the SST inc rease, surface warm water convergence played a secondary role.
Key words The Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea; anomaly SST; sub-tropical high; short-wave radiation; warm water convergence
综 述
海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展
董双林 潘克厚
(青岛海洋大学，教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛266003)
Uwe Brockmann
(德国汉堡大学海洋生物地球化学与海洋化学研究所，汉堡.德国)
摘 要 综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究 进展，并结合中 国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养 物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负 面影响。为减小这一影响，认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合 养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。
关键词 海水养殖；沿岸生态环境；养殖容量；综述
中图法分类号 S96;Q 178.1 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-575-08
Review on Effects of Mariculture on Coastal Environment
Dong Shuanglin Pan Kehou
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 26600 3)
Uwe Brockmann
(Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry,
Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany)
Abstract This paper reviews the research advance on the effects of mariculture on coastal environment, and discusses the ways of reducing t he discharge of pollutants from mariculture with Chinese practices. Mariculture affects coastal ecolog ical environment negatively by nutrient and organic matter enrichment, chemical discharge, escape of fish from mariculture operation and mangrove wetland convert ed into fish or shrimp culture ponds etc. In order to keep the development of ma riculture sustainable,improving artificial feed formulation, optimizing the culture structure of inner-culture systems and optimizing the culture structure of c omplex culture systems, improving the treatment of waste water and integrated planning of mariculture development should be conducted as soon as possible.
Key words mariculture; coastal environment; carrying capacity; review
岩藻聚糖硫酸酯体外抗氧化特性的研究
薛长湖 陈 磊 李兆杰 辛 梅 林 洪 于广利
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 采用化学发光分析法研究岩藻聚糖硫酸酯清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)及 羟基自由基(·OH)的作用，并以高效液相色谱法研究对卵磷脂(PC)过氧化的抑制能力。结 果显示：(1)三种岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力，但清除超氧阴离子自 由基的能力高于清除羟基自由基的能力。其中糖醛酸含量高和硫酸酯含量低的组分Ⅰ清除自 由基的能力最强，它对O2·-的IC50为0.044 mg/mL，对·OH的IC50为0.062 mg/m L。(2)岩藻聚糖硫酯具有抑制PC过氧化的能力。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分受活性氧损伤后，它们 的抗氧化能力均降低。研究表明，岩藻聚糖硫酸酯具有较强的体外抗氧化的功能。
关键词 岩藻聚糖硫酸酯；化学发光分析；活性氧自由基；脂质过氧化
中图法分类号 R151 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-583-06
Antioxidative Activities of Low
Molecular Sulfated Fucan Fractions in Vitro
Xue Changhu Chen Lei Li Zhaojie Xin Mei Lin Hong Yu Guangli
(Fishery College,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The free radical scavenging effects on superoxide an ion radicals and hydroxyl radicals of three kinds of sulfated fucans by the chemiluminescence method and the inhibition activity on pho sphatidylcholine(PC) peroxidation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC ) were studied.The results show that the three kinds of sulfated fucans all had significant scavenging effects on free radicals. The fraction I with high gulucu ronic acid and low sulfate contents displayed the highest scavenging effects on free radicals. Its IC50 on O2·- was 0.044 mgmL-1, and its I C50 on·OH was 0.062 mgmL-1. The free radical scavenging effects o f the three kinds of sulfated fucans decreased after activated oxygen damage. The three kinds of sulfated fucans all had inhibition activity on PC peroxidation, but they had no clear induction period.
Key words sulfated fucans; chemiluminescence analysis; free radicals;lipid peroxidation
研究报告
三种化学诱导剂诱导太平洋牡蛎三倍体的比较研究
于瑞海 王昭萍 王如才 田传远
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 从三倍体率、D幼孵化率、幼虫生长速度、生产成本等方面比较了细胞松驰素B、二 甲基氨基嘌呤、咖啡因三种化学诱导剂诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体的效果。CB的三倍诱导率 最高，为91.5%，但D幼孵化率最低，仅为5.8%，且成本最高，为6-DMAP和咖啡因的4倍和50倍。6-DMAP的三倍体诱导率略低于CB，为88.0%，但D幼孵化率最高，为60.5%，其成本仅为 CB的1/4。咖啡因的三倍体诱导率最低，为82.4%，幼虫孵化率为30.2%，但其成本最低，仅 为CB的2%和6-DMAP的8%。三种诱导剂诱导的三倍体群幼虫在生长速度及成活率方面无显著 差别。
关键词 细胞松驰素B；6-二甲基氨基嘌呤；咖啡因；太平洋牡蛎；三倍体诱导
中图法分类号 S968.3 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-589-04
Comparative Studies on Triploidy Induction Using Three
Chemicals in Pacific Oyster
Yu Ruihai Wang Zhaoping Wang Rucai Tian Chuanyuan
(Fisheries College, Ocean Uniuersity of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The effects on inducing triploid pacific oyster were compared of Cytochalasin B (CB), 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) and Caffeine in the aspects o f triploid rate, hatching rate, growth of larvae and price etc. The results show that CB yielded the highest triploid rate, 91.5%, and the lowest D-shaped larvae rate, only 5.8%, with the highest price, which is about 4 and 50 times of that by 6-DMAP and Caffeine, respectively. 6-DMAP yielded a little lower triploid rate, 88%, but the highest D-shaped larvae rate, 60.55, and its price is only 1/4 of that by CB. Caffeine induced the lowest triploid rate, 82.4%, the D-shaped larvae rate is 30.2%, lower than that by 6-DMAP, but higher than by CB and its price is the cheapest, only 2% and 8% of that by CB and 6-DMAP respctively. There was no significant difference in the growth and survival among the triploid larvae induced by CB, 6-DMAP and Caffeine.
Key words cytochalasin B (CB); 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP); caffeine; Pacific oyoter; triploid induction
研究简报
牙鲆体表溃烂综合症病理组织观察
(青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖开放实验室，青岛，266003)
宋春华(山东大学威海分校水产系，威海，264200)
摘 要 报道了牙鲆养殖过程中发生的体表溃烂综合症的病理组织变化。该病的病原有盾纤 类纤毛虫指状拟舟虫和致病菌兔莫拉氏菌。指状拟舟虫不仅寄生于牙鲆体表皮肤、鳍，亦可 侵入腹腔、肾脏、肌肉、心脏甚至脑。兔莫拉氏菌大量寄生于心脏血液中，随血液循环至各 组织器官，引起牙鲆肝脏、肾脏及脾脏组织病变。指状拟舟虫和兔莫拉氏菌共同导致牙鲆死 亡。
关键词 牙鲆；体表溃烂；病理组织；指状拟舟虫；兔莫拉氏菌
中图法分类号 S941；S941.51+4 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-593-05
Observations on the Histopathology of the
External Ulcerative Disease of Japanese Flounder,
Paralichthys Olivaceus
Zhou Li Zhan Wenbin Song Weibo
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Song Chunhua
(Fishery Department, Weihai Branch of Shandong University, Weihai, 264200)
Abstract An external ulcerative disease, which frequently occurred in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, now cultured in artificial pro pagation facilities along the coasts of Shandong, China, has caused mass mortali ties in recent years. Histopathological study showed that the diseased fish had hyperaemia and hemorrhage in the ulcerated muscle tissue as well as decoloration of the skin, especially among fry and juveniles. Many ciliates were found not only on the body surface but also inside the skin, scale pocket, fin, muscle, per itoneal cavity, blood and characteristically brain of the Japanese flounder. The ciliate was a pathogen to flounder and was identified as Paralembus digitiformis, a marine facultative parasitic scuticociliatid ciliate. Meanwhile, a bact erium Moraxella cuniculi was also purely isolated from the heart of the naturally infected flounder and also proved to be a pathogenic bacterium for flounde r by experimental infection.
Key words Japanese flounder; Paralichthys olivaceus; external ulcer; histopathology Paralembus digitiformis; Moraxella cuniculi
研究简报
塞拉利昂近海主要渔场与渔船产值的分析
任一平 高天翔
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
江永辉 周先标
(中国水产(集团)总公司，北京，100013)
摘 要 根据塞拉利昂近海16条生产船一年的生产日志资料(1995年7月~1996年6月)，分析 了近海渔场渔区产值分布，指出2区、44区、84区、97区为主要的经济渔区，主要渔汛时间 为6~8月。同时，还对渔获物的结构组成及渔轮的月平均单船产值进行了比较分析。
关键词 塞拉利昂；经济渔区；单船产值
中图法分类号 F316.4 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-598-05
Analysis of Main Fishing Grounds and Output Value of Fishing Vessels in Sierra Leone Coastal Waters
Ren Yiping Gao Tianxiang Jiang Yonghui Zhou Xianbiao
(1 Department of Fisheries,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2 China National Fishery(Group)Corporation,Beijing,100013)
Abstract On the basis of the fishing logs(1995-07~1996-06) of the 16 bottom trawlers in the coastal waters of Sierra Leone, the distributio n of the output value of the commercial fishing grounds is analyzed. The results indicate that the main commercial fishing grounds were No.2,No.44,No.84 and No. 97, The main fishing season was JuneAugust. Also, the monthly average output value per boat is analyzed.
Key words Sierra Leone; commercial fishing grounds; output value per boat
两种结构延绳钓渔具使用效果的比较研究
——以金枪鱼(Thunnus)为例
叶振江 邢智良 高志军
(1青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003 2中国水产总公司，北京，100026)
摘 要 分析比较两种不同结构的延绳钓渔具1998年2~9月期间在印度洋东部作业的生产效 果。结果显示，钓具A(平均放钓水深90.8m)与钓具B(平均放钓水深72.7m)相比，钓捕效果差 异显著，在渔获尾数、渔获重量、上钓率三个指标上，A钓具分别高于后者29.52％、30.21 ％和9.80％。提出了符合印度洋生产需要的钓具优化设计方案。
关键词 金枪鱼延绳钓；渔具；钓捕效果
中图法分类号 F316.4 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-603-06
Comparative Research on the Effect of Two Kinds of
Long-Line Fishing Gear
Ye Zhenjiang1 Xing Zhiliang1 Gao Zhijun
(1 College of Fisheries，Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2 National Fisheries (Group) Corporation of China, Beijing, 100026)
Abstract The production operation effect of two kinds of long-line fishing gear was compared from February to September, 1998. The operation place was the eastern part of the Indian Ocean. The result showed that comparing with fishing tackle B, fishing tackle A had a notable effect in the indices such as the catch n umber, catch weight and getting hooked ratio. The amounts by which A was superio r to B in these three indices were 29.52％, 30.21％ and 9.8％ respectively. Finally an optimized design of the long-line fishing gear fitting to work in the Indian Ocean was presented.
Key words tuna long-line；fishing gear；fishing effect
研究简报
黄鳍刺 虎鱼(Acanthogobius flavimanu)前期幼鱼摄食习性和摄食率的初步研究
龚艳丽
（青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003）
孟田湘 万瑞景 （黄海水产研究所，青岛，266071）
摘 要 对1997年5月莱州湾潍河口采集的黄鳍刺 虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化道内含物分析。 结果表明黄鳍刺 虎鱼前期幼鱼为浮游动物食性，主要摄食镖蚤类、短尾类幼体、猛蚤类和 甲壳类的六肢幼体。摄食有明显的节律，清晨消化道内含物最多，傍晚最少。摄食的种类随 昼夜不同时间有一定的变化。摄食率:C=9.2528g/(100g·BW·d);日摄食量:FD=0.0047g/d。
关键词 黄鳍刺 虎鱼；前期幼鱼；摄食
中图法分类号 S965.3；Q178.53 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-609-05
Study on the Feeding Habit and Feeding
Rhythm of Juvenile Acanthogobius flavimanu
Gong Yanli Meng Tianxiang Wan Ruijing
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao, 266071)
Abstract This paper analyzes the ingestive contents of Juvenile Acanthogobius f lavimanu collected from Laizhou Bay in May, 1997. The results show that they fee d on a variety of prey items, and tend to eat Calanoida, Brachyura Zoea larva, H arpacticoida and Nauplius. They show an obvious feeding rhythm, with the most stomach content in the morning and the least in the evenfall. Their prey items also vary to some extent with the time of day. The consumption rate C=9.2528g/(100g ·BW·d), and the daily food consumption FD=0.0047g/d.
Key words Acanthogobius flavimanu；juvenile；feeding
5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖缓释微囊制备工艺研究
王奎旗 管华诗
（青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003）
摘 要 5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）以壳聚糖为载体， 采用乳化化学交联技术，制备了5-Fu壳聚糖微囊。用正交设计安排试验，以微囊载药量、 药物包封率、粒子分布百分数为指标优化微囊的制备工艺，并以最佳制备工艺条件制得含药 微囊，方法重现性好，制备工艺稳定。体外释放度试验表明，该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。
关键词 5-氟尿嘧啶；壳聚糖；乳化化学交联技术；微囊；缓释
中图法分类号 S948 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-614-05
Preparation of 5-Fluorouracil Chitosan
Sustained Release Microcapsules
Wang Kuiqi Guan Huashi
(Institute of Marine Drugs and Foods,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Cross-linked chitosan microcapsules containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) were prepared. The variable factors believed to be important for microcapsule properties were examined, these included chitosan concentration, t he ratio of drug and chitosan concentrations, cross-linking process, the type o f oil, stirring rate and additives. Seven factors and 3 levels of each factor we re chosen and the orthogonal experimental design was applied to optimize the pre paration procedure of the microcapsules. The drug release characteristics of the microcapsules were studied. The results indicate that chitosan may prove useful as a carrier for sustained release of drugs.
Key words 5-Fu; chitosan; emulsionchemical cross-link technique ; microcapsules; sustained release
排铅奶粉对实验性铅中毒的治疗作用
王远红 邓 岗 李 梅 徐家敏 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
摘 要 研究保健食品—排铅奶粉(Lead Excreting Milk Powder, LEMP)对实验性铅中毒大 鼠的粪铅和血铅含量的影响。1)大鼠饮服0.2%乙酸铅水溶液染毒，共三周，造成轻度实验性 铅中毒后，改饮0.02%乙酸铅水溶液维持，口服LEMP5、10、15 g/kg连续观察10 d。结果表 明，与对照组比较能明显增加粪铅含量(P＜0.01)，抑制血铅升高(P＜0.01)，有效地阻止大 鼠对铅的吸收。2) 大鼠饮服0.3%和0.6%乙酸铅水溶液，造成重度铅中毒后，在脱离毒源的 情况下，口服 LEMP 10 g/kg，连续观察15 d。结果表明，与对照组比较，实验组能显著降 低血铅浓度(P＜0.01)，显示出较好的体内驱铅效果。
关键词 排铅奶粉；实验性铅中毒；粪铅；血铅
中图法分类号R135.1+1；R151.3 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-619-04
The Therapeutic Effect of “Lead Excreting
Milk Power” on Experimental Saturnism
Wang Yuanhong Deng Gang Li Mei Xu Jiamin Guan Huashi
(Insititate of marine drugs and Foods, Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,26600 3)Abstract The effects of the health food “Lead Excreting Milk Power”(LEMP) on the fecal lead and blood lead concentrations in saturnic rats have been studie d. (1) The rats were treated with 0.2% lead acetate daily for thre e weeks, which had been lightly lead-poisoned and continued being intoxicated b y oral adminstration of 0.02% lead acetate. Treatment with LEMP to the lead-poi soned rats at the doses of 5,10 and 15 g/kg for 10 days. The results indicate that LEMP is capable of increasing fecal lead content and decreasing blood lead content, implicating that LEMP can effectively keep the rats from uptaking exogeno ns lead. (2) The rats were treated with 0.3% or 0.6% lead acetate respectively for establishmeat of the serious lead-posioned model in rats, which were admins trated with LEMP at a dose of 10 g/kg for 10 days. The resuts show that LEMP can markedly reduce blood lead concentrations, suggesting that LEMP has a good effect in excluding lead in vivo.
Key words Lead Excreting Milk Powder(LEMP); experimental saturnism; fecal Lead; blood lead
用GPC法测定硫酸多糖911的分子量和分子量分布
赵 峡 苗 辉 范慧红 管华诗
(青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003)
(卫生部药品生物制品检定所，北京，100050)
摘 要 实验采用GPC法测定了硫酸多糖911的分子量及分子量分布，经测定硫酸多糖911的 重均分子量Mw为8 500±500，其中Mw<10 000的分子占总分子的百分比在70%以上，分子 量分布宽度Mw/Mn为1.30±0.02。
关键词 硫酸多糖911； 高效凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)； 分子量； 分子量分布
中图法分类号 R282.77 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-623-04
Determination of Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight
Distribution of sulfated polysaccharide 911 by GPC Zhao Xia Miao Hui Fan Huihong1 Guan Huashi
(Institute of Marine Drugs and Foods,
Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
(1 National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical
and Biological Products,Beijing,100050)
Abstracts The molecular weight and molecular weight distribut ion of sulfated polysaccharide 911 were determined by the GPC in this paper.The results are as follows. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 8 5 00±500, the percentage of Mw＜10 000 is above 70% in all sulfated poly saccharide 911 moleculars; the distribution width of molecular weight Mw /Mn is 1.30±0.02.
Key words sulfated polysaccharide 911; GPC; molecular weight; molecular weight distribution
研究简报
植物激素对海带配子体克隆附着的影响
韩宝芹 崔竞进 刘 涛 王 霖
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 实验研究2，4-D、KT、IAA、NAA四种植物激素对海带配子体克隆附着的影响。结 果表明：2，4-D对附着有较明显的促附着作用，最有效浓度为2.5 mg/L和5 mg/L，其4 h的 附着率分别是对照的2.79倍和2.95倍；KT的作用较复杂，在浓度为1 mg/L时，对附着有明显 的促进作用，其4 h的附着率是对照的2.3倍；IAA对配子体附着没有明显的促进或抑制作用 ；NAA对附着有抑制作用，浓度越高，抑制作用越强。
关键词 海带；配子体克隆；植物激素；附着
中图法分类号 Q949.28+84⑦；Q946.885 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-627-04
The Effect of Plant Hormones on the Attachment of
Clone Gametophytes of Laminaria japonica
Han Baoquin Cui Jingjin Liu Tao Wang Lin
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The effect of four plant hormones, 2,4-D, KT, IAA and NAA, on the att achment of clone gametophytes of Laminaria japonica were studied. 2,4-D had a s trong effect of accelerating the attachment of clone gametophytes. The optimal c oncentration was 2.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L, and the attachment ratio at 4h was 2.79 an d 2.95 times of the control for the above concentration values, respectively. KT had a complicated effect on the attachment of clone gametophytes. When the conc entration was 1 mg/L, it had a strong effect of accelerating the attachment, and the attachment ratio at 4h was 2.3 times of the control. IAA had no effect on t he attachment. NAA had an inhibition effect on the attachment.
Key words Laminaria japonica; clone gametophyte; plant horm ones; attachment
三疣梭子蟹幼体中肠腺发育的组织学和细胞学研究
朱丽岩 郑家声 王梅林 姜 明 刘晓云 徐怀恕
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 将蚤状幼体I期（Z1）到仔蟹共六期三疣梭子 蟹幼体固定，作横切、纵切和平切的连续切片，观察中肠腺的解剖学及组织学特征，并研究 其细胞的超微结构。三疣梭子蟹的中肠腺起自前、中肠交界处，分左右两部分，每部分三叶 ，由总管与幽门胃和中肠相通，中肠腺管的长度和数量随幼体发育而增加。管壁的上皮细胞 在各期幼体均可分为四种类型：E-细胞（胚细胞）、F-细胞（纤维细胞）、R-细胞（吸 收细胞）和B-细胞（分泌细胞），它们在中肠腺管中的分布位置和功能各有不同。
关键词 三疣梭子蟹；幼体；中肠腺；发育
中图法分类号 Q178.53 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-631-06
Histological and Cytological Studies on the Development
of Midgut Gland of Larval Portunus trituberculatus
Zhu Liyan Zheng Jiasheng Wang Meilin Jiang Ming Liu Xiaoyun Xu Huaishu
(Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The anatomical and histological characteristics and ultrastructure of the midgut gland of larval Portunus trituberculatus w ere studied. The basis of the midgut gland of larval Portunus trituberculatus is between the foregut and midgut. There are two parts (right and left) in the midgut gland and each part is made up of three lobes with a common hepatic duct connecting the pyloric stomach and the midgut. The hepatic blind tubules incre ase obviously in number and size with the development of the larva. The epithli um cells of midgut gland may be distinguished into four types: embryonic cells(E -cells), fibrillar cells(F-cells), absorptive cells(R-cells) and secretory cells(B-cells).Each cell type has a definite location and different functions.
Key words Portunus trituberculatus;larvae;midgut gland;development
大肠杆菌O157:H7的活的非可培养状态
姚 斐 陈 刚 寇运同 纪伟尚
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003) (1山东省商检局，青岛，266003)
摘 要 将大肠杆菌O157:H7培养于低温贫养条件下，以涂布平板法(PC)和最大近似值法(MP N)检测可培养细菌数 ，95~115d后表明可培养菌数下降为零。吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法 (AODC)检测细菌总数，表明细菌总数始终变化不大，而活菌直接镜检计数(DVC)检测到的活 菌数保持在106个/mL。实验证明了大肠杆菌O157:H7在一定的条件下可进入活的非可培养 状态(VBNC)。
关键词 大肠杆菌O157:H7；活的非可培养状态；吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法；活菌直接 镜检计数法
中图法分类号 Q93-335； 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-637-05
Viable but Nonculturalbe State of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Yao fei Chen gang Kou Yuntong* Ji Weishang Xu Huaishu
(College of Marine Life Sciences,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(* Shandong Imp & Exp Commodity Inspection Bureau, Qingdao, 266001)
Abstract Escherichia coli O157:H7 was cultured in sterilized fresh water at 4℃; 95~115 days later, plate count (PC) and most probable number (MPN) showed that there was no culturable bacteria. But acridine orange direct c ount (AODC) showed that the total number of bacteria had not changed appreciably . Direct viable count (DVC) also confirmed that viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 was still present in the water at 106 cells/mL. So it is conclude d that Escherichia coli O157:H7 can enter into the viable but non-culturabl e state under certain conditions.
Key words Escherichia coli O157:H7; viable but non-culturabl estate(VBNC); acridine orange direct count(AODC); direct viable count(DVC)
链霉素对海洋微藻的毒物刺激效应
黄 健 宫相忠 唐学玺 李永祺
（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003）
摘 要 实验选用链霉素对六种海洋微藻进行实验， 发现六种海洋微藻普遍对链霉素具有抗性。其中只有角毛藻和三角褐指藻在实验范围内(0~5 00mg/L)测到了72h的半抑制浓度，EC50分别为346mg/L和445mg/L。其它四种均未测到 。而且当链霉素浓度为30mg/L时，对六种海洋微藻普遍具有生长刺激效应，即毒物刺激效应 。
关键词 海洋微藻；链霉素；毒物刺激效应
中图法分类号 Q178.53; Q89 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-642-03
Hormesis of Streptomycin on 6 Species of Marine Microalgae
Huang Jian Gong Xiangzhong Tang Xuexi Li Yongqi
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The resistant experiment of 6 species of marine microalg ae to Streptomycin exhibited that all of them were resistant to Streptomycin in common. The 72h·EC50 of Chaetoceros muelleri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bo blin were 346mg/L and 445mg L-1, respectively. The 72h·EC50 of the others w ere not determined in the experiment. All of the 6 species of marine microalgae were stimulated in growth at the concentration of 30mg/L.
key words marine microalgae; streptomycin; hormesis
丙溴磷对二种海洋微藻的GPx活性及GSH、CAR含量的影响
谢 荣 唐学玺 李永祺 王 悠
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 实验以三角褐指藻和青岛大扁藻为材料，进行了丙溴磷农药对海洋微藻的抗氧化防 御系统成份—GPx(glutatione Peroxidase) 活性和GSH(glutathione)、CAR(carotinoid)含 量的影响研究，结果表明，在丙溴磷胁迫下，微藻的GPx活性呈现下降趋势，GSH和CAR含量 也表现为下降趋势，并且胁迫的时间越长、胁迫的强度越大它们下降的幅度也越大。因此微 藻细胞对抗氧化防御系统的能力被削弱，从而可能导致活性氧在体内的过量产生与积累，进 而对藻细胞造成更大的伤害。
关键词 丙溴磷；海洋微藻；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶；谷胱甘肽；类胡萝卜素
中图法分类号 Q178.53；Q143； P76 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-645-06
Effect of Profenofos on Glutathione Peroxidase and
on the Contents of Glutathione and Carotinoid
in Two Species of Marine Microalgae
Xie Rong Tang Xuexi Li Yongqi Wang You
(Marine Life Sciences College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The effect of Profenofos on GPx activities and on the co ntents of GSH and CAR in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Platymonas helgolan dica were studied. The results indicate that the GPx activities of two species of microalgae declined, and the contents of glutathione and carotinoid of algal c ells decreased under high concentration of Profenofos. Therefore the antioxidant defense system of marine microalgae were damaged, and the Reactive Oxygen Speci es (ROS) may damage the algal cells easily.
Key words Profenofos; marine microalgea; glutathione peroxidase ( GPx); glutathione (GSH); carotinoid (CAR)
研究简报
中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)的早期发育与环境溶解态有机质
贾志良 包振民通讯联系人
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 探讨中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)的受 精卵、开口前的幼体与环境中溶解态有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,简称 DOM)之间的 关系，测定中国对虾的卵和各期无节幼虫的干重和灰重。结果表明从虾卵到无节幼虫的干重 和灰重是增加的，自卵到第六期无节幼虫(N6)干重平均每只增加7.95μg，灰重平均每只 增加2.95μg，证实中国对虾在早期幼体发育中能够从水环境中吸收和利用溶解态有机质。
关键词 中国对虾； 溶解有机质(DOM)；无节幼体
中图法分类号 Q959.223+.63; Q132.4 文章编号 10 01-1862(2000)04-651-04
The Development of Penaeus chinensis at Its Early Stage
and the Environmental Dissolved Organic MatterJia Zhiliang Bao Zhenmin
(College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of Qindao, Qindao,266003)
Abstract This paper presents a research on the oocytes,the larvae wighout mouth s of Penaeus chinensis and the dissolved organic matter in their surviving circu mstance. The dry organic weight and ash weight of the oocytes and the nauplius w ere determined respectively. The result is that the dry organic weight per larva e increases 7.95 μg and the ash weight increases 2.5μg from oocytes to N6.It is considered that the early larvae of Penaeus chinensis could absorb dissolved organic matter from their surviving circumstance.
Key words Penaeus chinensis; dissolved organic matter(DOM); nauplius
Review Review of Study on Cyclic Loading Testing of Soils
Supported by MSTC project (No 96-922-03-02)
Received:1999-10-27;Revised:2000-05-09
Yang Zuosheng(杨作升) Yang Shaoli(杨少丽) Rolf Sandven
(Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao，266003)
(NTNU,7491, Trondheim,Norway)
Abstract With the development of offshore oil and construction of coastal engin eering, the study on the dynamic behavior of seafloor soils is very urgent. That makes the cyclic testing of soils in the laboratory important. A review of the state of art study on the cyclic testing apparatus, testing methods, testing results and analysis models on soils is given in this article and suggestions f or future research is also discussed.
Key words test apparatus; test methods; test results; dgnamic triax ies test; shear modular; poisson't ratio; pore water pressure; review
土的周期加载实验的研究
杨作升 杨少丽 Rolf Sandven
（青岛海洋大学河口海岸带研究所，青岛，266003）
（挪威科学技术大学岩土工程系，特隆赫姆，7491，挪威）
摘 要 作者对室内土的周期加载实验进行了较全面的综述。包括实验设备、方法、结果及 分析模型，并对以后的研究提出建议。随着海上石油的开发及海岸构筑物的建设，迫切需要 对海底土动力学特性进行研究。掌握目前世界在这一领域的研究现状有助于在高超点上开展 创新工作和解关键问题。
关键词 实验设备；实验方法；实验结果；动三轴实验；剪切模量；泊松比；孔隙水压力； 综述
中图法分类号 TU43; TU41 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-655-13
二维各向异性介质中三分量波动方程有限元法模拟
周 辉 刘 斌 徐世浙 刘红军
(青岛海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，青岛 266003)
摘 要 利用六面体单元和三线性插值函数，推导出在任意弹性各向异性介质中三维三分量 波动方程所满足的有限元方程，同时给出也适用于矩形单元和双线性插值的二维三分量各向 异性介质中的波动方程模拟的一般性公式，最后讨论两个数值模拟的结果。
关键词 地震波场；各向异性介质；波动方程；有限元法；三分量模拟
中图法分类号 P631.414 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-668-05
The Modeling of Three Component Wave Equation for
Anisotropic Medium Using the Finite Element Method
Zhou Hui Lin Bin Xu Shizhe Liu Hongjun
(Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Ocean university of Qingdao, Qingdao, 2660 03)
Abstract The finite element equation, which the three-dimensional three component wave equation satisfies, is derived if the domain of an arbitrary anisotropi c medium is divided into hexahedron elements and a linear interpolation function in each coordinate direction is used. The finite element equation is a general formula because it is also suitable for two-dimensional three component wave equations.
Key words seismic wavefield; anisotropic medium; wave equation; finite element method; modeling
黄河三角洲河道沉积规律研究Ⅰ.建林边滩的形成与演化
陈彰榕 范德江
(青岛海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 通过对建林边滩形态、沉积物的实地调查，查明了建林边滩的形态及沉积物分布特 征，从河流沉积动力学角度探讨了边滩的形成与演化。建林边滩发育呈“二元结构”，沉积 物下粗上细，侧向地质作用与垂向地质作用是塑造边滩的根本动力。
关键词 黄河三角洲；边滩；沉积作用；形成与演化
中图法分类号 P56 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-673-06
Sedimentation of River Channel in the Yellow River Delta
Ⅰ Formation and Development of the Jianlin Sediment Bar
Chen Zhangrong Fan Dejiang
(College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of Qingdao. Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Based on the field investigation of the morphic and sediment of the Ji anlin Sediment Bar, We find that the Ji anlin Sediment Bar was formed in the recent 22 years. It is composed of two layers, the upper layer is mainly composed of coarse-silt, the lower layer is mainly composed of fine-silt and mud-silt. T he formation and development of the bar is discussed with river sedimentary dyna mical theory in this paper. The lateral geological process and the perpendicular geological process were the fundamental forces in the formation and development of the Ji anlin Sediment Bar.
Key words The Yellow River Delta; sediment bar; sedimentation;formation and dev elopment
研究报告
利用航磁资料分析研究古冲沟及其分布规律
张维冈 薛荣俊 辛柏森
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
刘保华(国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，青岛，266061)
摘 要 利用对原始航空磁测资料进行处理后而得到的方向导数和磁性基岩深度图等资料， 结合钻井与地质资料总结归纳出东营凹陷地区古冲沟分布的磁场解释标志，分析推断出研究 区内的古冲沟分布规律。经与地震资料对比验证，其结论基本吻合，为油气田的进一步开发 提供有利的勘探远景区，对推测其它区域的古冲沟分布起到很大的类比和外推作用。
关键词 航磁；磁测资料导数图；磁性基岩深度图；磁性特征；地震反射剖面；古冲沟
中图法分类号 P631.2+22 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-679-06
The Study of Paleogullies and TheirDistribution Rules Using Aeromagnetic Data
Zhang Weigang Xue Rongjun Xin Bosen
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266061)
Liu Baohua
(First Institute of State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao,266061)
Abstract Using magnetic derivative and magnetic basement rock depth-plot processed from original aeromagnetic data and combining the analyses of artesian well data and geologic data, we summarized the sign of magnetic explanation of the p aleogullies. We also analyzed and inferred the distribution rules for the paleog ullies in the research area. Comparison with the results from the seismic profiles shows that the conclusions are basically in good agreement The study will pro vide prospects for the development of oil and gas fields, and is of significance for the study of paleogullies in other regions.
Key words aeromagnetic survey;magnetic data derivative; magnetic floor depth; m agnetic characteristic;seismic reflection profile; paleogully
潮间带低速层中高速埋伏岩体计算模式的建立
薛荣俊 李金山 唐 勇
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 在某些沿海潮间带区域的低速层中常存在一定数量的巨大高速滚石埋伏岩体。这些 埋伏岩体会给工程地质勘察带来很大的困难，甚至无法进行工程地质勘察。根据浅层折射波 方法原理利用浅层折射波相遇时距曲线与折射波射线路径关系建立了求取浅层高速埋伏岩体 的埋深及其厚度的计算模式，利用这些公式可以较准确地确定高速埋伏岩体的位置、埋深及 其厚度，对工程地质勘察是十分有利的。
关键词 潮间带；工程地质；地震折射波法；高速埋伏岩体；低速层；计算模式
中图法分类号 P736.5 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-685-05
The Calculation for the High-Speed Mass of Rock Overlayby Low-Speed Medium In the Tidal Zone of the Shallow Sea
Xue Rongjun Li Jinshan Tang Yong
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract There are a number of high-speed masses of rock close to the bedrock overlaid with a low-speed layer of the Quaternary under the bottom of the shallow sea. They would make the engineering geologic survey very difficult in these areas and even impossible. However, it is sometimes very important to determine the location, the depth, the length and the thickness of the high-speed masses of rock. According to the principle of seismic refraction method, the formulas o f the depth and the thickness of the high-speed masses of rock are established using seismic refraction wave reversed and unrepressed time-distance curve and seismic refraction wave raypath theory in this paper. As long as the velocity of the medium and the refraction wave reversed and unrepressed time-distance curve are known, we can obtain information about the high-speed masses of rock.
Key words tidal zone; engineering geology; seismic refraction wave method; high -speed masses of rock overlay by low-speed medium; low-speed layer; calculating method
基于高阶累积量的自适应波束形成
赵犁丰 傅 坚 刘桂云
(青岛海洋大学电子工程系，青岛，266003) (宁波大学航海学院，宁波，315000)
摘 要 常规波束形成器仅限于利用信号的二阶统计特性。作者采用高阶累积量估计期望信 号的导向矢量(Steering Vector),实现了一种基于高阶累积量的自适应波束形成器(HCAB)。 该波束形成器利用信号的更高阶统计特性，减少了对阵列流型的依赖，具有较好的容差性， 能自动跟踪信号。数值模拟实验表明该波束形成器工作良好。
关键词 自适应阵列处理；波束形成；高阶累积量
中图法分类号 TN911.72 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-690-07
CumulantBased Adaptive Beamforming
Zhao Lifeng Fu Jian *Liu Guiyun
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266033)
(*Ningbo University Maritime College, Ningbo, 315000)
Abstract In comparison with normal adaptive digital beamforming that only uses the second-order statistics of signals, a Higher-order cumulantbased adaptiv e digital beamformer (HCAB) is discussed in the paper. The HCAB utlizes higher- order cumulants to construct a fourth-order cumulant matrix to estimate the steering vector of the desired signal. Because higher-order cumulants include more statistical information, the HCAB beamformer is not very dependent on the manif old of the array, easily adaptive to the error, and able to track moving objects . The results of simulation indicate its good performance.
Key words adaptive array processing; beamforming; higher-order cumulants
对金属激光烧蚀时空气中产生冲击波的研究
张德勇 于鸿楠 许龙江 戚诒让
(青岛海洋大学电子工程系，青岛，266003)
摘 要 运用He-Ne激光束偏转技术研究金属表面被脉冲Nd:YAG激光烧蚀时在空气中所产生 的冲击波。给出了冲击波前锋的传播轨迹。研究表明：在近距离处，冲击波的传播轨迹接近 于强爆炸波轨迹；冲击波波速明显大于空气中声速；随着传播距离增大，冲击波波速逐渐趋 近于声速。
关键词 烧蚀；冲击波；激光束偏转
中图法分类号 TG665 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-697-04
Study on the Shock Wave Produced by a Metal
Ablated by Pulsed Laser in Air
Zhang Deyong Yu Hongnan Xu Longjiang Qi Yirang
(Department of Electronic Engineering,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The shock wave, which is produced in air when the metal surface is abl ated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, is investigated by means of the He-Ne laser beam deflection technique. The trajectory of the shock front is given. In short distance regions, the trajectory of the shock front is close to that of a strong bla st wave. The shock speed is remarkably larger than the normal speed of sound in air and it gradually approaches to sound speed with the increment of propagation distance.
Key words ablation; shock wave; laser beam deflection
技术报告
激光扫描实时获取水下图象信息的方法与系统
郑 冰 李 欣 谭 锐 王国宇
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 报道一种实时大视角、全景深获取水下图象的新方法。该方法试图解决在无人摇控 潜器(ROV)和自治式潜器(UUV)走航式获取水下清晰图象时，遇到的激光在水下传输过程中后 向散射噪声问题，建立了一种具有宽视角、全景深性能的水下激光扫描系统。用这种方法和 系统在空气中和水中做了大量的实验，并讨论了这种方法和系统的应用前景。
关键词 差频扫描；后向散射；全景深；大视角；实时图象
中图法分类号 P733.3+3 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-701-05
An Approach of Real-Time Acquisition of Underwater Image
Information through Laser Scanning and Its Implementation
Zheng Bing Li Xin Tan Rui Wang Gouyu
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract In this paper, we describe a new method for obtaining real-time, omnidepth-of-field underwater images, based on the laser space difference-frequency scanning principle and taking into consideration the transmission properties of laser beams in seawater in undersea exploration using Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV). In this method most of the back scattering light is avoided and the problem of wide visual field and whole depth of field is solved. The results of multifarious experiments in the water tank and air are shown. Finally, the future application of the new method and system are discussed.
Key words difference-frequency scanning; back scattering light; all depth of field; big visual angle; real time image
海洋环境管理模型及应用研究
国家教委基金课题(98JAQ790005)和国家自然科学基金课题（79870070）资助
张德贤 王正林 戴桂林 王 舰
(青岛海洋大学决策科学研究中心，青岛，266003)
摘 要 制定和完善海洋环境管理政策体系，是实现海洋资源环境可持续开发与利用的重要 问题。作者通过构造一个包括海洋经济、环境、资源和技术等因素的理论模型，探讨了海洋 环境管理中税收、交易、公平及效率等因素在管理政策中的影响，以便为海洋环境管理政策 制定提供理论依据。
关键词 海洋环境；可持续利用；管理政策；公平与效率
中图法分类号 p74;p76 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-706-07
A Model on Marine Environment Management and Its Application
Zhang dexian Wang Zhenglin Daiguilin Wang Jian
(Decision Research Center of Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Formulating and perfecting the management system of ocean environment has become an important problem in sustainable development and utilization. In t his paper we discuss the taxation, the deal of sewage drainage right, fairness a nd efficiency in the management of ocean environment by making a theoretical mod el including ocean economics, environment, resource and technology etc so that w e can provide a theoretical basis for formulating a policy of ocean environment management.
Key words marine environment; sustainable utilization; management policy; fairness and efficiency
综 述
求解代数 Riccati 方程的一些数值方法评述
刘新国 李湛宽 王玉晔
(青岛海洋大学应用数学系，青岛，266003)
摘 要 在过去的三十多年中，代数Riccati方程的数值求解一直是数值代数界和控制论界 关注的重要课题。作者简要评述几种用于求解代数Riccati方程的有代表性的数值方法。
关键词 代数Riccati方程；数值方法；评述
中图法分类号 O15 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-713-05
Reviews on Some Numerical Methods for the Solutionof the Algebraic Riccati Equat ion
Liu Xinguo Li Zhankuan Wang Yuye
(Departement of Applied Mathematics, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 26600 3)
Abstract In the past three decades, one of the most important topics in numeric al linear algebra is the solution of algebraic Riccati equations. In this paper, some numerical methods such as simple iteration, Newton method, invariant subsp ace method and matrix sign function method for the solution of the algebraic Riccati eqution are reviewed.
Key words algebraic Riccati equation; numerical method; review
模糊k-传递矩阵
谷云东 刘文斌 潘逢宗
(青岛海洋大学应用数学系，青岛，266071)
摘 要 文中给出k-传递的概念，对k-传递的等价条件、代数表示、分解合成、图的特征 及性质进行研究，并从k-传递阵与传递阵关系的角度研究传递阵，理清了几种不同形式的 传递性定义之间的关系，得到了传递阵进一步地刻画。所得结果实现了传递阵的推广，为模 糊矩阵各种传递性的进一步深入研究提供了新的视角。
关键词 模糊矩阵；传递性；k-传递性；图论特征
中图法分类号 O159 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-718-05
On the K-Transitive Fuzzy Matrix
Gu Yundong Liu Wenbin Pan Fengzong
(Department of Applied Mathematics, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266071)
Abstract In order to study transitivity more careflly, the k-transitive fuzzy matrix is introduced in the paper, some equivalent propositions of a k-transiti ve and the relation between k-transitive and a transitive matrix are examined. A comprehensive description of the transitivity matrix is obtained. The results prove that ktransitivity is more general than Max-min transitivity; and is presents a new visual angle for the study of transitivity of fuzzy matrix at the same time.
Key words fuzzy matrix; transitivity; k-transitivity; graphic character
非均匀沙隐暴作用的研究现状及其起动矢量式 拾 兵
(青岛海洋大学工程学院，青岛，266071)
曹叔尤 刘兴年
(四川大学水利水电工程学院，成都，610065)
摘 要 系统回顾近几十年来国内外有关非均匀沙隐暴作用的研究状况，阐述诸多研究成果 的局限性及其存在的不足。在此基础上，作者采用最新的矢量力学分析方法，探讨任意面上 处于隐蔽和暴露状态的泥沙颗粒的受力关系，建立了更具一般性的非均匀沙起动流速矢量公 式。文中又对不同方位床面上的泥沙起动公式进行有益的讨论，并对暴露状态下的一维公式 进行了验证。
关键词 河流动力学；非均匀沙；隐暴作用；矢量力学；起动流速。
中图法分类号 TV136 文章编号 1001-1862(2000)04-723-06
Present Status of Research and Vectorial Equation of
Incipient Velocity on Non-Uniform Sediment
Shi Bing
(Engineering College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071)
Cao Shuyou Liu Xinnian
(Engineering College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric,
Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065)
Abstract The study status and research achivements on non-uniform sediment are analyzed and presented systemically in this paper based on a comprehensive review of the hiding and exposing action, incipient velocity, flume experiment and t ransport characteristics of non-uniform sediment that have been conducted over the past 50 years. By means of a research method of vectorial mechanics, all kinds of forces acting on a particle of non-uniform sediment in hiding and exposing states are studied respectively. General vectorial equations of incipient velo city on an arbitrary bed-surface in the above two cases are derived respectivel y. Next the above mentioned vectorial equations are discussed for different angles of bedsurface, and the calculated results of incipient velocity for onedimensional equation in exposing state are verified with experimental data.
Key words river dynamics; non-uniform sediment; hiding and exposing action; vectorial mechanics; incipient velocity