黄、东海环流的数值研究Ⅱ.潮及潮致环流数值模拟
国家自然科学基金重点项目（49736190）及国家973项目（G1999043703）资助
收稿日期：2000-12-15；修订日期：2001-03-12
孙文心，1937年4月出生，教授，博导。
孙文心1 刘桂梅2 雷 坤1 江文胜1 张 平1
(1青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003；2中科院海洋研究所，青岛，266071）
摘 要 该文中数值模拟了黄、东海陆架区的四大天文潮及其潮致拉格朗日环流。运用“流速分解法”将线性三维分潮波问题化为一个分潮潮位及深度平均流的二维问题和一个流速垂向剖面问题求解。其二维问题的底摩擦系数由三维模式导出，所导得的线性底摩擦力公式更符合物理意义，且避免一般二维模式中底摩擦力的经验假定。结果表明，三维模式完全可以通过准二维方法求解，以避免一般三维问题的繁重计算。
关键词 线性分潮波；流速分解法；底摩擦力；准二维计算；潮致Lagrange环流
中图法分类号 P731.2 文章编号 1001 -1862(2001)03-297-08
A Numerical Study on Circulation in the Yellow and East China Sea
Ⅱ Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tide-Induced Circulation
Sun Wenxin1 Liu Guimei2 Lei Kun1 Jiang Wensheng1 Zhang Ping1
(1 Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2 Institute of Oceanography of Chinese Academy, Qingdao, 266071)
Abstract The four major astronomical tides and their corresponding Lagrangian tideinduced circulations are simulated numerically in the Yellow Sea and the shelf area of the East China Sea. By applying the SCM (Splitting Current Method) to the model the linear 3D tidal constituents equations are transformed into a tidal elevation equation, a 2D depth averaged current equation and the solution of a vertical current profile. The bottom friction coefficient in the 2D case is deduced from the 3D model. It reflects a clear physical understanding and avoids the empirical assumption made in the normal 2D model for the bottom friction. It shows that in this paper the 3D numerical model can be solved by a quasi-2D model and thus skip the tremendous computation in the normal 3D model.
Key words linear constituent tidal wave; SCM (splitting current method); bottom friction; quasi-2D computation; tide induced Lagrangian circulation
地形对东海黑潮锋面弯曲影响研究
教育部科学技术重点项目（99075）资助
收稿日期：2000-11-10；修订日期：2001-03-15
罗义勇，男，1967年12月出生，博士，副教授。
罗义勇 吴德星 林霄沛
(青岛海洋大学物理海洋研究所，物理海洋实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 作者运用简化的η坐标POM模式数值研究了地形对东海黑潮锋面弯曲的产生与成长的影响。平底时，小扰动迅速发展导致锋面出现大弯曲。考虑到地形因素和黑潮流核远离陆架的情况，因其锋区正处在陡的陆坡之上，斜压不稳定被减小，其锋面不会出现如观测所示的弯曲。结果表明，在该实验条件下，地形对锋面起到稳定作用。
关键词 东海黑潮；地形；锋面弯曲；流速结构
中图法分类号 P731.2
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-305-08
Effects of Topography on Kuroshio
Frontal Meanders in the East China Sea
Luo Yiyong Wu Dexing Lin Xiaopei
(Institute of Physical Oceanography and Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Numerical studies of the Kuroshio frontal meanders in the East China Sea are carried out by using the η-coordinate POM model with the emphasis on the effects of cross-stream topography .The results show that perturbations grow in amplitude and form large frontal meanders for the flat bottom condition. After incorporating the topography, when the flow core of the Kuroshio located away from the continental shelf, the continental slope acts as a stable factor and all perturbations move out of the domain before developing into finite amplitude meanders.
Key words Kuroshio in the East China Sea; topography; frontal meander; current structure
渤海垂直湍流混合强度季节变化的数值模拟
山东省基金课题（Y97A04009）资助，国家自然科学基金课题（497901001）和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043804)资助
收稿日期：2000-08-31；修订日期：2001-03-08
赵 亮，男，1975年4月出生，博士生。
赵 亮1 魏 皓1,2
(青岛海洋大学 1 物理海洋研究所 2 物理海洋实验室，青岛，266003)
摘 要 渤海为极浅陆架海，其中湍流耗散作用显著。将三维斜压陆架海模式HAMSOM应用于渤海，以渤海周边台站每天4次的常规气象资料作为风和热驱动，渤海海峡开边界以5个主要分潮调和常数计算水位强迫，计算了渤海1982年水文要素和流场变化，并用模式以湍的局地平衡理论封闭计算出垂直湍流粘性的时空分布。结果表明：渤海湍流混合冬强夏弱，变化幅度较大（10～200cm2/s），这是风搅拌和潮混合的湍流输入在密度层化调整下的结果；风的作用在冬季强于潮的作用，而底层则由潮混合控制呈现半月周期；渤海湍粘性系数的空间分布十分复杂，这是在渤海地形和岸形轮廓限制下，由一定大气条件驱动的流场和密度场导致的湍流混合强度不同所致。
关键词 渤海；湍流粘性系数；数值模式；三维斜压陆架海模式(HAMSOM)
中图法分类号 P731.2
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-313-06
Annual Cycle of the Vertical Eddy Viscosity in the Bohai Sea
Zhao liang1 Wei hao1,2
(1 Institute of Physical Oceanography, 2 Physical Oceanography Lab,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The intensity of turbulence is measured by the vertical eddy viscosity (Av) in the ocean. It is necessary for us to discuss its spatial and temporal distribution, because it influences not only the structure of the current but also the calculated tidal elevation. It has also been shown that it is of importance to the complex system of physical and biological processes, especially to the distribution of the biomass of plankton. The role of the vertical eddy viscosity is more significant in the Bohai Sea due to its small depth. Based on a three-dimensional coastal shelf sea model HAMSOM, the current field and other variables are obtained in 1982. The model is driven by wind and heat flux every 6 hours per day, and five tidal components are imported through the open boundary. The vertical eddy viscosity is calculated at the same time based on the hypotheses of local turbulent equilibrium. The spatial and temporal distribution of the vertical eddy viscosity is related to the processes of warming, cooling, wind mixing and tidal mixing. The grid space is 1/12 degree and the time step is 360s.
Key words Bohai Sea; eddy viscosity; numerical model; HAMSOM
计算域的选取对风暴潮数值模拟的影响
山东省自然科学基金课题（Q99E02）资助
收稿日期：2000-08-28；修订日期：2001-03-08
王秀芹，女，1965年11月出生，硕士，讲师。
王秀芹 钱成春 王 伟
（青岛海洋大学海洋环境学院，青岛，266003）
摘 要 作者以7203号台风过程中引起的黄海沿岸水文测站的风暴潮过程为例，选取不同计算域，模拟计算的同一测站的风暴潮增水值有很大差异。只有选取整个黄渤海海域，才能得到较精确的风暴潮增水结果。从而揭示在封闭或半封闭海域中由风暴过程激发的区域自由振荡，是风暴潮增水中不容忽视的量。说明该海域中的风暴潮过程是海域整体效应的响应，因此认为数值模拟中计算域应选取整个封闭或半封闭海域。
关键词 风暴潮；计算域；数值模拟；黄渤海
中图法分类号 P732.6
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-319-06
The Influence of Selected Calculation Field
on the Simulation of Storm Surges
Wang Xiuqin Qian Chengchun Wang Wei
(Marine Environment Colleges, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The Author numerically simulated one of typhoon surge (caused by No. 7203, typhoon Rita), which occurred in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea by using three different calculation fields. Different results were obtained, which means that the calculation field will significantly influence the simulated results. This event shows that the storm surge is a process of forced oscillation, it will generate free oscillations in a closed or semiclosed sea, and the sea will modulate this forced oscillation. That is to say, the geometric shape of the sea will seriously affect the process of the storm surge in a closed or semi-closed sea. Therefore, The satisfactory results can be obtained only when the calculation field covers the whole region.
Key words storm surge; calculation field; numerical simulation; the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea
台风影响下渤海及邻域海面风场演变过程的MM5模拟分析
国家“九五”重点科技攻关专题（96-922-03-03）及山东省自然科学基金课题（Y-97E03080）资助
收稿日期：2000-09-11；修订日期：2001-03-08
高山红，男，1972年12月出生，博士生。
高山红 谢红琴 吴增茂
（青岛海洋大学物理海洋研究所,青岛，266003）
林 行 吴 伟
（青岛市气象局，青岛，266001） （山东省气象局，济南，250022）
摘 要 在装有Linux操作系统的PC机上运行美国大气研究中心（NCAR）的非静力中尺度大气模式MM5。运用MM5的嵌套功能，以30km水平分辨率对台风KAI-TAK（2000年第4号）影响渤海海区的时段进行数值模拟，同时给出了水平分辨率为10km的嵌套区内逐时的渤海海面风场。通过对台风中心位置、中心气压、风速分布与雨区分布等要素的模拟结果与实况的比较，证实该实验对台风过程的模拟较为成功。嵌套区内渤海海面风场也明显体现出了地形影响的特征。并尝试以T106格点资料的三维客观分析场结合高空及地面观测为模式提供初值场，6h/次预报场为模式提供时变边界条件，对渤海海面风场进行了24h时预报。
关键词 台风；数值模拟；非静力中尺度大气模式（MM5）；渤海；海面风场
中图法分类号 P444；P722.4
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-325-07
A Simulation Analysis of the Evolution of the
Surface Wind Fields of Bohai Sea and the Vicinity
Area Under the Influence of Typhoon Tai-Tak with MM5
Gao Shanhong Xie Hongqin Wu Zengmao
(Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Lin Hang1 Wu Wei2
(1 Meteorology Institute of Qingdao,Qingdao,266001)
(2 Meteorology Institute of Shandong,Jinan,250022)
Abstract Typhoon KAI-TAK(number 4 of 2000) was successfully simulated by using the nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model (MM5), as proved by the comparison of central position, central pressure, the distribution of wind and precipitation of typhoon with the corresponding observations. The simulated surface winds of the Bohai Sea under the influence of the typhoon also reflect remarkable influence of the local terrain. The MM5 model was run on a PC with the installed operational system of Linux with T106 grid data and the observation data in the upper air and the ground layer obtained from the Meteorology Information Comprehensive Analysis System(MICAPS). In this paper, the twenty-four-hour prediction of the surface winds of the Bohai sea affected by the typhoon is also tried and tested.
Key words typhoon; numerical simulation; nonhydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model(MM5); Bohai; surface winds
研究简报
光照和温度对细基江蓠繁枝变型
的生长及生化组成影响
国家杰出青年科学基金项目(397250239)和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G199012011)资助
收稿期：1999-10-28；修订日期：2000-10-16
刘静雯，女，1965年5月出生，在读博士生，副研究员。
刘静雯 董双林
（青岛海洋大学教育部水产养殖重点实验室，青岛，266003）
摘 要 实验研究光照、温度对细基江蓠的生长率及生化组成等指标的影响。结果表明，光照、温度及其相互作用均显著影响以上指标。在该实验条件下（15～30℃，1 200～12 000 lx），细基江蓠繁枝变型（Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui）在光照为10 000 lx,温度为25℃时生长率最大，光照对生长的影响大于温度，而且在适宜的温度范围内，随着温度的升高，细基江蓠繁枝变型生长的光饱和点也增高。光强是影响藻红素、叶绿素a及碳水化合物/蛋白质比率的主要环境因子，它与藻红素、叶绿素a含量负相关，与碳水化合物/蛋白质比率正相关。温度则是调节蛋白质及藻红素/叶绿素a比率的主要因素，它与蛋白质的含量负相关，与藻红素/叶绿素a比值正相关。温度和光照对碳水化合物的含量影响不明显。
关键词 光照强度；温度；细基江蓠繁枝变型；生长率；生化组成
中图法分类号 Q946；Q949.2
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-332-07
Interactions Between Light and Temperature
on the Growth and Levels of Chemical Constituents
of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. Liui
Liu Jingwen Dong Shuanglin
(Aquaculture Research Laboratory of Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003)
Abstract The main effects and the interactions between light and temperature on the rates of growth and the levels of pigments and the chemical constituents of the red seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui were investigated indoors. It was found that light intensity was the more important factor regulating the levels of chlorophylla and Rphycoerythrin and growth rates, all of which (except for growth rates) varied inversely with light. Temperature was the more important factor regulating the levels of protein and carbohydrate, all of which varied inversely with temperature.
Key words light intensity; temperature; G. tenuistipitata var. Liui; growth rates; chemical constituents
花鲈人工育苗技术的研究
国家自然科学基金课题（39970578）资助
收稿日期：2000-08-29；修订日期：2000-03-08
张美昭， 男，1963年11月出生，工程师。
张美昭1 高天翔1 阮树会2 曲永琪2 王 强2 苏纪宏2
（1 青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003 2 威海羊亭水产总公司，威海，264200）
摘 要 利用人工培育的亲鱼所获得的受精卵，孵化出仔鱼300万尾，在水温18～20℃、微充气的培育条件下，使用海水小球藻、轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和不同规格的微颗粒配合饲料进行饲喂，经58d培育出平均全长2.3cm的苗种132万尾，育苗成活率高达64.1%，单位水体最高出苗量达1.33万尾/m3；另外，还有1.3～1.9cm的苗种68万尾。
关键词 花鲈； 人工育苗；生产工艺
中图法分类号 S961.2 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-339-06
Study on the Technique of Artificial
Seeding Production of Lateolabrax japonicus
Zhang Meizhao Gao Tianxiang
(College of Fisheries, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao,266003)
Ruan Shuhui Qv Yongqi Wang Qiang Su Jihong
(Aquaculture General Corporation of Yangting of Weihai,Weihai,264200)
Abstract Using fertilized eggs from parent fish cultivated artificially, 3 000 000 larval fish were hatched. At the cultivation condition of temperature 18～20℃ and tiny airing, 1 320 000 seeds of average total length 2.3cm were cultivated for 58 days, reared by microalage (Chrorella), fortified rotifer (Branchionus plicotilis), nauplii of artemia (Artemia salina), and compound microfeed of many different sizes. The survival rate of fry was as high as 64.1%, and the maximum quantity of seed reached 13 300/m3. Besides, there were 680 000 seeds of 1.3～1.9cm.
Key words Lateolabrax japonicus; artificial seed producing; producing technique
Xp11.2区域YAC OAT1中表达顺序筛选
国家自然科学基金重点项目（39230220）资助
收稿日期：1999-12-20；修订日期：2000-04-10
马洪明，男，1970年8月出生，硕士，讲师。
马洪明1 曹立民1 魏 勇2 柴建华2
（1 青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003 2 复旦大学遗传学研究所基因工程国家重点实验室，上海，200433)
摘 要 筛选X染色体Xp11.2区域的酵母人工染色体（YAC）克隆 OAT1 所包含的表达序列，为该区域疾病相关基因的克隆探索方法。以YAC克隆 OAT1为探针，与胎脑cDNA文库的噬菌体原位裂解膜进行两轮杂交。所得的阳性克隆经过杂交鉴定剔除假阳性克隆和重复序列，并进行测序分析。获得了一个YAC OAT1编码的表达顺序克隆。该克隆与鸟氨酸转氨酶(Ornithine Aminotransferase, OAT)基因同源。
关键词 酵母人工染色体（YAC）；cDNA文库；杂交
中图法分类号 Q344+.13 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-345-06
Screening of Expressed Sequences of YAC OAT1 in Xp11.2
Ma Hongming1 Cao Limin1 Wei Yong2 Chai Jianhua2
(1 Fishery College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
（2 National Key Laboratory in Gene Engineering, Institute of Genetics,
Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
Abstract To screen expressed DNA sequences harbored by YAC OAT1, which locates on Xp11.2, and to explore better means to clone new disease genes in this region, YAC OAT1 DNA was used as a probe to hybridize with the in situ lysised plaque of a fetal brain cDNA library. A second cycle of hybridization was performed to enrich the positive clones. The enriched positive clones hybridized with the YAC OAT1 and human genome DNA to eliminate the false ones or the ones that contain repetitive sequences. One expressed single copy sequence clone of YAC OAT1 was obtained. The sequencing analysis of the clone showed homology to the Human Ornithine Aminotransferase (OAT) gene.
Key words yeast artificial chromosome (YAC); cDNA library; hybridization
研究简报
鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)在微冻保鲜过程中的质量变化
教育部骨干教师项目资助
收稿日期：2000-10-26；修订日期：2001-03-08
曾名勇，男，1965年10月出生，硕士，副教授。
曾名勇 黄 海 李玉环 黄叶锋
（青岛海洋大学食品工程系，青岛，266003）
摘 要 该文研究鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)在微冻（-3℃）保鲜过程中的质量变化规律。以感官评价、细菌总数、T-VBN值、pH值、ATPase活性、K值等作为质量指标。实验结果表明，微冻可以明显抑制细菌总数的增长，维持较低的T-VBN和K值。但是，微冻条件下鲫鱼的ATPase活性下降速度较快。
关键词 鲫鱼；微冻；感官评价；质量指标
中图法分类号 S983.210.21 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-351-05
Quality Changes of Crucian (Carassius auratus)
During Partial Freezing
Zeng Mingyong Huang Hai Li Yuhuan Huang Yefeng
(Food Engineering Department,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The quality changes of crucian(Carassius auratus) during partial freezing were studied. One group of crucians was directly frozen to -3℃, the other group of crucians was treated with OP-Ca preservative before freezing, and both were stored at -3℃. By sensory assessment and analyzing T-VBN, bacterial count, K value, ATPase activities and pH value, we find that partial freezing can restrain the growth of bacteria significantly, keep the T-VBN and K value relatively low. But partial freezing is not advisable for protecting ATPase activities.
Key words crucian; partial freezing; sensory assessment; quality index
新型抗脑缺血海洋新药989
对血栓性大鼠脑缺血的保护作用国家“九五”攻关资助课题（96-CO2-04-01）资助
收稿日期：2000-06-19；修订日期：2001-03-08
戚 欣，女，1976年2月出生，助工。
戚 欣 耿美玉 辛现良 管华诗
（青岛海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，青岛，266003）
摘 要 该文采用FeCl3局部涂抹损伤血管造成的大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型，以脑梗塞范围、行为障碍、脑组织病理改变为观察指标，研究989对脑血栓所致局部缺血性脑损伤的保护作用。结果表明：989 5.0、10.0 mg/kg手术后30min舌下静脉注射能明显缩小脑栓塞大鼠24 h后的脑梗塞范围；989 10.0mg/kg能明显改善脑栓塞大鼠的行为障碍。脑组织病理检查发现；989 10.0 mg/kg组动物大脑中动脉内血栓形成极少或未形成，脑组织缺血病变较轻。表明989对栓塞性脑损伤具有明显的保护作用。
关键词 989；脑栓塞；大鼠；硫酸多糖
中图法分类号 R931.77 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-356-05
Study on the Protective Effect of
a New Type Anti-Cerebral Ischemia Marine Drug 989
on the Cerebral Ischemia of Rats
Qi Xin Geng Meiyu Xin Xianliang Guan Huashi
(Department of Marine Pharmacology，Marine Drug and Food Institute,
Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract The protective effects of 989 on cerebral ischemia induced by FeCl3 in rats with cerebral middle artery (CMA) occlusion were investigated in this study. The results showed that 989 at a doses of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg via sublingular vein injection decreased the cerebral infarction area and 989 at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg improved the disbalance of behavior. Also, a significant difference existed between 989- treated group at the dose of 10.0 mg/kg and the FeCl3-treated group on inhibiting the thrombosis embolic in CMA(p<0.01). Our data suggested that 989 exerted a protective action on cerebral ischemia induced by thrombosis in rats.
Key words 989; cerebral thrombosis; rat; sulfated polysaccharide
栉孔扇贝(Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri)
消化盲囊的组织学和组织化学的研究
国家攀登计划B项目专题(PDB6-3-1)资助
收稿日期：2000-07-10；修订日期：2001-03-08
绳秀珍，女，1968年出生，硕士，工程师。
绳秀珍1 刘晓云2 任素莲1 刘竹伞1 俞开康1
（青岛海洋大学1水产学院，2测试中心，青岛，266003）
摘 要 运用石蜡切片法、透射电镜技术及组织化学方法，对栉孔扇贝的消化盲囊进行了研究。结果表明：消化盲囊的腺上皮由消化(吸收)细胞和分泌细胞组成，消化(吸收)细胞顶端有微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脂酶和酯酶活性，还含有糖原和脂肪。是进行食物的细胞内消化和营养物质吸收的主要场所，并有储存能量的功能；分泌细胞内含粗面内质网、高尔基体和分泌颗粒，具有酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。并含有丰富的RNA和 蛋白质，有分泌消化酶的功能；消化盲囊导管上皮细胞顶端有纤毛和微绒毛，细胞内有酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及脂酶活性，也能分泌消化酶。消化(吸收)细胞浅部的细胞质及其释放到盲囊腔中的胞质团中含铁；各部位不含钙。
关键词 栉孔扇贝；消化盲囊；组织学；组织化学；超微结构
中图法分类号 Q26；S968.3 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-361-07
A Histological and Histochemical Study on Digestive Diverticula
of Farreris's Scallop, Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri
Sheng Xiuzhen1 Liu Xiaoyun2 Ren Sulian1 Liu Zhusan1 Yu Kaikang1
(1 Fisheries college, 2 Test center, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The structural and functional aspects of the digestive diverticula of Chlamys farreri were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy and histochemical methods. The epithelium of the digestive diverticula contains two types of cells, namely the digestive (absorptive) and secretory cells. The digestive cell is lined with microvilli, the presence of acid phosphatase activity in digestive diverticula suggest that these cells are actively involved in the absorption and intracellular digestion of food material, and the absorption role is supported by the presence of alkaline phosphatase in the digestive diverticula. Esterase and lipase are detected in the digestive cell. Lipid and glycogen are abundant throughout the digestive cell, showing that these cells are the sites of energy stores. The secretory cells contain abundant protein and RNA suggesting that they have synthetic function, together with their cytological feathers: numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and secretorylike granules support the view that in Farreri's scallop Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri the secretory cell plays an important role in the production and release of digestive enzyme. The duct of the digestive diverticula is lined with cilia and microvilli, acid and alkaline phosphatase as well as lipase activity are detected in the duct cells. Therefore, it can produce digestive enzyme. Fe is present in the distal parts and the fragmentation sphere of the digestive cell, and no calcium exists in the digestive diverticula.
Key words Chlamys (Azumapecten) farreri; digestive diverticula; histology; histochemisty; ultrastructure
优化操纵渔船主机降低NOx排放的试验研究
日本学术振兴会未来开拓学术研究课题(98L00873)资助
收稿日期：2000-07-24；修订日期：2000-12-21
宋协法，男，1964年12月出生，硕士，副教授。
宋协法 万 荣
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 通过对东京水产大学研究练习船“神鹰丸”的航速、主机转速、功率及排放废气的测定，得出在各种常用工况下NOx的排放率曲线、等船速曲线和燃油消耗率曲线。分析比较确定NOx的排出率较低，燃油消耗率又不超过规定标准的工况点，从而达到主机优化操纵的目的。结果表明，在自由航行工况下船舶航速为4、8、12、13 kn时，主机转速应设定在750 r/min；航速为10 kn时，应设定在875 r/min。拖网及延绳钓作业工况下主机转速应设定在875 r/min。
关键词 渔船主机；优化操纵；NOx排放率；降低
中图法分类号 U664.1；X701 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-368-07
A Test Study on Optimized Maneuvering Operation
of the Main Engine to Reduce the NOx Emission
Song Xiefa Wan Rong
(College of Fisheries, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The curves of the NOx emission，the equal ship speed and the specific fuel consumption in various conditions were obtained by measuring the main engine speed, the output and exhaust gases of the fishing study exercise shipSHINYO MARRU of Tokyo University of Fisheries. The paper obtained the points of lower NOX emission and the specific fuel consumption by comparing and analyzing the operation of the main engine by optimization. The results are: Under sailing condition, the main engine speed should be set at 750rpm when the ship speeds are 4,8,12 and 13kn; The main engine speed should be set at 875r/min when the ship speed is 10kn or while in fishing operation (trawl fishing and tuna long line fishing)
Key words the main engine of fishing vessel; optimized maneuvering; NOx emission
海洋生物样品中硒的氢化物发生-原子荧光分析 (HG-AFS)
收稿日期.2000-11-14 修订日期 2001-03-08
张朝辉，男，1968年3月出生，硕士，讲师。
张朝辉
(青岛海洋大学水产学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 采用硼氢化钠还原法将试样中硒还原为挥发性硒化氢，氩为载气将硒化氢吹出并导入火焰原子化器进行原子荧光测定。以正交设计法对该还原反应、氢化物转移、原子化及原子荧光测定条件等进行了详细研究。实验结果表明，在佳化条件下，该法检出限为0.072μ g/dm3，相对标准偏差为2.0%。标准曲线表明，在0.000~1.000μ g/dm3 Se浓度范围内，有理想的线性关系。本法测定海洋生物样品硒的回收率为95.8%~102.4%。
关键词 氢化物发生-原子荧光法；硒；海洋生物样品
中图法分类号 O65 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-375-07
Determination of Selenium in Marine Organism Samples by HG-AFS
Zhang Zhaohui
(Fisheries College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The method is based on the reduction of Selenium to volatile SeH2 which is bubbled out by a carrier gas of pure argon and then swept to an Ar-H2 flame quartz atomizer to measure its atomic fluorescence. The hydride generation, transportation, atomisation and some instrumental Parameters were studied by a kind of orthogonal design. The optimum conditions selected are as follows: reactive acidity, 20% HCl; the amount of NaBH4, 0.7% 4.9ml in 5ml sample; the gas flow of Argon, 600m/min; atomize temperature, 200; lamp current, 100 mA; negative voltage, 300V. The detection limit is 0.072μg/dm3. The calibration curve shows an ideal linearity in the concentration range of 0.000~0.1000μg/dm3 Se, The recovery is 95.8%~102.4%.
Key words hydride generation-atomic fluorescene spectrotometry (HG-AFS); selenium; marine organism sample
CIE标准照明体D65光谱敏感性质的研究
国家自然科学基金课题(69778030)资助
收稿日期：2000-04-17；修订日期：2000-06-27
束越新，男，1935年10月出生，教授。
束越新 张 萧 华玉生
(青岛海洋大学工程学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 为寻求评价日光模拟器的新方法，作者基于异谱同色指数和显色指数分析了D65光谱的敏感性质，并讨论了其间的差异。基于异谱同色指数分析了D65光谱上特殊波长间敏感性质的关联性，以期更全面、准确地了解光谱的敏感性质。
关键词 光谱敏感性质；敏感性质的关联性；异谱同色指数；显色指数
中图法分类号 O433 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-382-07
Research for Spectral Sensitivity of CIE Standard Illumination D65
Shu Yuexin Zhang Xiao Hua Yusheng
(Engineering College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract In order to find a new method for evaluating the quality of daylight simulators,the spectral sensitivity of standard illuminant D65 is investigated on the basis of MIvis and Ra, and the difference between two sensitivity curves is analyzed. For the sake of studying the spectral sensitivity thoroughly, the relationship between the sensitivity of special wavelengths of the spectrum is computed.
Key words spectral sensitivity; relationship between sensitivity; metameric index; colour-rendering index
综 述
多肽类生物活性物质的非核糖体合成机理
收稿日期：2000-07-20；修订日期：2001-03-08
张学成，男；1940年9月出生，硕士，教授。
张学成 张 惠 杨官品
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 遗传信息通过信使核糖核酸、转运核糖核酸和核糖体转变成蛋白质的过程是分子生物学的基石。但是，许多多肽类生物活性物质是通过非核糖体途径合成的，只有非核糖体多肽合成酶系参与。非核糖体多肽合成酶系是一类多功能蛋白质复合体，能识别、激活、转运氨基酸底物并按特定顺序合成多肽。非核糖体多肽合成酶系同时具有酶和模板功能，因此被称为蛋白质模板。由于底物大部分是稀有氨基酸，经由该途径合成的多肽类生物活性物质种类繁多。了解多肽非核糖体合成机理有助于寻找多肽类生物活性物质，有利于通过人工操作非核糖体合成酶系生产多肽类药物。近年来的研究已经使人们初步了解了多肽非核糖体合成的机理。本文将介绍非核糖体合成酶系组成、结构和多肽非核糖体合成过程。
关键词 非核糖体多肽合成酶；多肽；生物活性物质
中图法分类号 Q522 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-389-06
Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases Catalyzed Syntheses of
Polypeptide Type Bioactive Materials
Zhang Xuecheng Zhang Hui Yang Guanpin
(Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Flux of genetic information through messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs and ribosomes from genes to proteins forms the basis of molecular biology. However, many polypeptide type bioactive materials are synthesized by non-ribosomal ways under the catalysis of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). NRPSs are large multi-functional protein complexes that serve as both enzymes and templates, thus being called protein templates. Since polypeptide type bioactive materials mainly consist of rare amino acids, these materials are synthesized by NRPSs to be various structures and with different functions. Understanding this mechanism will certainly facilitate the artificial manipulation of NRPSs and the production of polypeptide drugs. Recent advances in NRPSs research have provided us with preliminary knowledge on non-ribosomal mechanisms, which is discussed in this review.
Key words non-ribosomal peptide synthetases; polypeptide; bioactive materials
即墨养虾池虾病暴发前期浮游动物动态的研究
国家自然科学基金课题(49676300，49376277)、国家攀登B“海养生物优抗研究”项目(PDB6-73)资助
收稿日期：2000-06-29；修订日期：2001-03-15
刘光兴，男，1964年1月出生，硕士，副教授。
刘光兴 张志南
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 利用青岛市即墨金口养虾场虾池的浮游动物样品，计算了虾病暴发前期(1994年5月~7月)浮游动物的生物量和生产量。结果表明，浮游动物的生物量的变化范围为9.53~480.00mgC m-3，生产量的变化范围为1.16~23.73mgC/m2d。浮游动物生物量的变化趋势与叶绿素-a的变化趋势一致。两个虾池的生物量虽然相差较大，但有着相近的生产量。生产量是评价浮游动物贡献大小的重要指标。因此，在养殖生产中具有一定的参考价值。
关键词 养虾池；浮游动物；生物量；生产量
中图法分类号 X171；S955.7 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-395-06
Dynamics of Zooplankton in Jimo Prawn
Ponds Before Outbreak of Prawn Disease
Liu Guangxing Zhang Zhinan
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The biomass and production of zooplankton in two prawn ponds of Jinko, Jimo City, were studied before the outbreak of prawn disease (May ~ July, 1994). The results showed that the biomass of zooplankton in these two prawn ponds varied between 9.53 ~ 480.00mgC/m3 and the production changed in the range of 1.16~23.73mgC/m2·d. The biomass of zooplankton had the same varying trends with the concentration of Chlorophyll-a. Although there was a big difference between the biomasses in the two prawn ponds, the production of them was very similar. The Production is a useful parameter to evaluate the contribution of zooplankton to the ecosystem in the prawn pond.
Key words prawn pond; zooplankton; biomass; production
研究简报
海洋细菌在不同基质表面微生物粘膜中的组成
国防科学技术预研基金项目(96512.1.13CB5503)资助
收稿日期：2000-04-25；修订日期：2000-10-20
李会荣，女，1972年2月出生，博士生。
李会荣 付玉斌1 李 筠 纪伟尚 徐怀恕为本文责任作者
（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003）（1 洛阳船舶材料研究所，洛阳，471039）
摘 要 在青岛近岸海区两个不同地点，分别进行浸海挂片实验研究四种不同基质表面(玻片、钢片以及涂有防污漆、防锈漆的玻片)微生物粘膜中细菌组成。从不同基质表面微生物粘膜中共分离323株附着细菌，大多数为杆状或球杆状革兰氏阴性细菌，且大部分具有鞭毛。依据形态及生理生化特征将革兰氏阴性细菌鉴定到属，分别属于气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)和产碱菌属(Alcaligenes)等12个属，其中气单胞菌属是优势菌属。不同基质表面，微生物粘膜细菌组成不同。
关键词 微生物粘膜；基质；气单胞菌属；革兰氏阴性细菌 中图法分类号 Q935
文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-401-06
Composition of Marine Bacteria in Micro-biofilm Formed
on Four Different Artificial Substrata
Li Huirong Fu Yubin1 Li Yun Ji Weishang Xu Huaishu
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(1 Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Luoyang, 471039)
Abstract This study was carried out to find the species composition of various groups of attached marine bacteria formed on micro-biofilm, when artificial substrata were immersed in seawater at two sites in Qingdao. Marine bacteria formed micro-biofilm on four different substrata tested. Three hundred and twenty three bacterial colonies isolated from micro-biofilm formed on artificial substrata were purified and morphologically, physiologically and biochemically characterized. Most of the bacteria were motile, Gram-negative rods. They were identified to the genus level and classified into 12 groups. The major compounds of the micro-biofilm included Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Alcaligenes etc. Aeromonas was the most predominant group. The bacterial species composition and diversity was found to vary on different substrata.
Key words micro-biofilm; substrata; Aeromonas; Gram-negative bacteria
酶解条件对条斑紫菜单细胞成活率影响的比较研究
国家“九五”科技攻关项目（96-Co1-05-01）资助
收稿日期：2000-07-10；修订日期：2001-03-08
杨 震，男，1960年8月出生，工程师。
杨 震 唐学玺 戴继勋 沈颂东 宫相忠 贾鹏举
（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003）
摘 要 该文分别选用不同浓度的海螺酶；葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、氯化钠5种渗透剂；维生素C和甘露醇2种抗氧化剂；对条斑紫菜酶解单细胞的成活率进行了研究。实验结果表明：用浓度为10%的海螺酶酶解条斑紫菜，成活率最高；选用2mol/L葡萄糖作渗透剂，效果最好，成活率达 85.2%；加入抗氧化剂对细胞成活率没有影响。
关键词 条斑紫菜；酶；单细胞；成活率；抗氧化剂；渗透剂
中图法分类号 Q949.2；Q813.1 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-407-04
Effects of Different Enzymalysis Conditions on the Survival
Rate of Single-cells of Porphyra yezoens Ueda
Yang Zhen Tang Xuexi Dai Jixun Shen Songdong Gong Xiangzhong Jia Pengju
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract Effects of different enzymalysis conditions on the survival rate of single-cells of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda have been studied. The main results are: 1. The effectiveness of enzyme was positively correlated to enzyme concentration. When the enzyme concentration was 10% the result was the best. 2. Different penetrants showed different effects on cell survival rate. Among 5 kinds of penetrants, Glucose was the best. 3. Antioxidants had no effect on the cell survival rate.
Key words Porphyra yezoensis Ueda; enzyme; survival rate; penetrants; antioxidants
中国对虾淋巴组织的长期原代培养和化学诱变初探
国家海洋863项目(819-04-04)资助
收稿日期：2000-06-30；修订日期：2000-12-12
郎刚华，女，1969年3月出生，硕士，讲师。
郎刚华 王 勇1 汪 岷 陈西广
(青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛，266003)
（1中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛，266071）
摘 要 以中国对虾为实验材料，研究影响对虾淋巴组织原代培养的一些因素。研究中发现，用75%的乙醇浸泡对虾就可以达到淋巴组织培养无菌的要求，当组织块的接种密度为240～260块(25 cm2)-1时最适。当原代细胞培养30d左右，细胞会因接触抑制而停止生长，当接触抑制消除后，细胞仍可继续生长。另外，还进行了以N-甲基-N′-亚硝基胍（MNNG）对原代细胞进行诱变的尝试，发现诱变后有的细胞呈现出转化细胞的形态，并形成了转化灶。
关键词 中国对虾；淋巴组织；组织培养；原代培养；化学诱变；N-甲基-N’-亚硝基胍（MNNG）
中图法分类号 Q178.53;Q343+6 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-411-04
The Long-Term Primary Culture of Penaeus Chinensis Lymphoid
Tissue and a Preliminary Study of its Chemical Transformation
Lang Ganghua Wang Yong1 Wang Min Chen Xiguang
(Collage of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071)
Abstract Some factors affecting the primary culture of Penaeus chinensis lymphatic cells were studied. It was found that simply rinsing the shrimp in 75% ethanol could obtain satisfactory result in sterilization, the optimal inoculating density was 240~260 blocks/25cm2. After cultured for about 30 days, the cells stopped growing due to contact inhibition. However, after the inhibition was broken by scratching away some cells, the cells continued to grow. Moreover, after we had tried to mutagenize the cells with NmethylN｀nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), some transformed cells had some morphological changes and grew in multilayer. In the meantime, many foci turned up.
Key words Penaeus chinensis; lymphoid; tissue culture; primary culture; chemical mutagenization; N-methyl-N’,nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
TiCl4水解制备金红石型TiO2纳米粉
国家自然科学基金（59474014）和青岛海洋大学青年教师启动基金资助
收稿日期：2000-09-08；修订日期：2000-12-24
高荣杰，男，1968年11月出生，博士，讲师。
高荣杰 杜 敏
(青岛海洋大学化学化工学院，青岛，266003)
摘 要 实验以TiCl4为主要原料，采用直接水解法制备出了TiO2样品。经差热热重(DTA-TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和比表面(BET)分析，得出样品TiO2的晶型为金红石型，其粒子近似呈球形，各个晶面所对应的粒径基本一致，分布在7.0~12.0 nm之间，平均粒径为10.5 nm，对应的比表面积和孔容积分别为166 m2/g和0.12mL/g。
关键词 TiO2；直接水解法；金红石型；纳米粒子
中图法分类号：P734；Q646.1+3 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-415-05
Preparation of Nanocrystalline Rutile Titania from
Hydrolysis of Titanium Tetrachloride
Gao Rongjie Du Min
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract The samples of titania were prepared from hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. DTA-TG，XRD，BET and TEM were employed to characterize the samples. The results show that the spherical rutile titania particles range from 7.0 nm to 12.0 nm in diameter and the average diameter is 10.5 nm. The specific surface area and pore volume are 166m2/g and 0.12 mL/g respectively.
Key words titania；hydrolysis；rutile；nanocrystalline
研究报告
开链冠醚2，6-二(8'-喹啉氧甲基)-4-甲基-苯甲醚及其Ag(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与性质研究
收稿日期：2000-06-19；修订日期：2000-09-27
张前前，女，1966年4月出生，硕士，讲师。
张前前1 季振平2 萧文锦2 吴成泰2
(1青岛海洋大学化学化工学院，青岛，266003， 2武汉大学化学与环境科学学院，武汉，430072)
摘 要 设计合成一种尚未见文献报道的酚醚型双臂开链冠醚化合物L(L=2,6-二(8’-喹啉氧甲基)-4-甲基-苯甲醚)，经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、MS等方法确定了其组成和结构。其Ag(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)固体配合物的元素分析结果表明：金属离子不同，则其配合物的配位比(M∶L)不同，Ag(Ⅰ)配合物为1∶1，Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物为2∶3。并运用热重-差热分析对其热稳定性进行初步研究。
关键词 开链冠醚；过渡金属配合物；合成与表征
中图法分类号 O625.32；O614.12 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-420-05
Synthesis and Characterization of 2,6-Di(8’-quinolinoxy methyl)-4-methyl-anisole and Its Complexes
with Silver (Ⅰ), Copper (Ⅱ) and Nickle (Ⅱ)
Zhang Qianqian1 Ji Zhenping2 Xiao Wenjin2 Wu Chengtai2
(1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003)
(2 College of Chemistry and Environment Science,Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072)
Abstract A novel open chain crown ether 2,6-di (8'-quinolinoxy methyl)-4-methyl-anisole was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS. Its complexes with Ag(Ⅰ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) were synthesized. The elemental analysis shows that with different metal ions, the ratio of metal to ligand is different. The M:L of Ag(Ⅰ) complex is 1:1, while Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) is 2:3. The complexes were also examined by thermal analysis.
Key words open chain crown ether; transition metal complex; synthesis and characterization
研究报告
实时处理三维视觉信息的DSP实现方案
国家高技术研究发展计划项目（863-512-03-08）资助
收稿日期：2000-06-07；修订日期：2000-09-05
李 欣，男，1959年1月出生，副教授。
李 欣 李鸣飞 郑 冰
（青岛海洋大学电子工程系，青岛,266003）
摘 要 在三维视觉系统中，采用数字信号处理器（DSP）对三维视觉信息进行实时处理，可以提高处理三维视觉信息的运算速度。在实时采集处理系统的实现方案中，信号采集子系统与DSP之间的数据通信方式，实时采集处理系统与PC机之间的数据传输方式，也是影响三维视觉系统信息处理速度的两个重要因素。该系统采用双端口RAM和中断方式进行数据传输，实现了信号采集子系统与DSP、实时采集处理系统与PC机的并行处理，以提高整个三维视觉系统信息的处理速度。
关键词 数字信号处理器（DSP）；实时处理；三维视觉信息；数据传输
中图法分类号 TN911.72 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-425-05
An Approach to the Implementation of Real-Time Processing of Three-Dimensional Visual Information by Using DSP
Li Xin Li Mingfei Zheng Bing
（Electrical Engineering Department, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003）
Abstract This paper presents an approach to the implementation of the real-time processing of three-dimensional vision information. In this approach, the digital signal processor (DSP) is applied to the three-dimensional vision system so that the processing of three-dimensional visual information is accelerated. Besides the capacity of high-speed computation of DSP, there are two critical factors to influence the processing speed of the whole three-dimensional vision system. One is the mode of communication between the sub-system for data sampling and the DSP. The other is the way of data transmission between the real-time sampling and processing system and the PC. In the proposed approach, we apply the dual port RAM and the interruption mode for data transmission, by which the signal sampling subsystem and DSP, and the real-time processing system and the PC, are implemented with parallel processing. Therefore the processing speed of the vision information of the whole three-dimensional system increases.
Key words digital signal processor (DSP); real-time processing; threedimensional vision information; data transmission
一种基于B/S分布对象模型的设计实现
收稿日期：2000-05-17；修订日期：2001-03-08
张春海，男，1963年4月出生，副教授。
张春海 刘 洁 倪国江1
(青岛海洋大学计算机科学系，1青岛海洋大学科技处，青岛 266003)
摘 要 随着Internet的深入发展，Web应用逐渐呈现面向对象和分布的特点，如何在浏览器端为用户提供一个面向对象的接口，使用户能够透明的访问分布在不同网络结点的数据，成为当前研究的热点。该文提出一种基于Browser/Server(B/S)的分布对象模型，该模型以客观世界的实体为核心，通过构造组件对象模型封装对象的接口，并采用建立在组件对象模型基础上的分布技术，通过任务分派，远程过程调用，存取分布在不同网络结点的对象，完成用户对数据库的访问请求。
关键词 应用程序服务器；WWW；数据库服务器；对象-关系映像；分布式数据库
中图法分类号 X55 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-430-05
The Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented
Distributed Model Based on Browser/Server
Zhang Chunhai Liu Jie Ni Guojiang1
(Computer Department,1 Scientific and
Technological Division of Qingdao Ocean University， Qingdao, 266003)
Abstract With the further development of the Internet, Web applications have gradually shown object-oriented and distributed characteristics. It becomes a popular research field to offer an object-oriented interface to web browser, through which users can transparently access data distributed at diverse websites. This paper presents an object-oriented distributed model based on B/S (Browser/Server). In this model we create compontent object models from real world entity, which encapsulate data and interface they can offer. This model also applies task allocation and remote procedure call technologies, which are based on distributed componet objects model to access distributed objects and complete the access to back-end database.
Key words application server; WWW (World Wide Web); database server; object-relational mapping; distributed database
近代黄河水下三角洲底坡土体
的差异侵蚀及土工特性
国家“九五”科技攻关项目(96-922-03-02)资助
收稿日期：2000-03-29；修订日期：2000-07-28
李安龙，男，1972年6月出生，硕士，讲师。
李安龙 杨荣民 曹立华 冯秀丽
（青岛海洋大学河口海岸带研究所，青岛，266003）
摘 要 近代黄河水下三角洲海底声波探测资料和土工资料揭示：波浪、潮流在所研究区域海底沉积物中产生的差异侵蚀和不同的破坏行为受沉积物土工特性的控制。研究表明，粘粒含量低于10%，含水量在30%~45%，孔隙比在0.8~1.2之间的土体抵抗破坏的能力较差，土体破坏形成塌陷凹坑；粘粒含量在10%~20%，含水量在20%~30%，孔隙比小于0.8的土体抵抗破坏的能力相对较强，被保留下来形成蚀余高地。
关键词 近代黄河水下三角洲； 声波探测； 差异侵蚀； 土工特性
中图法分类号 P56；P736.5 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-435-06
The Differential Erosion and Geotechnical Properties
of the Slope Soil on the Modern Huanghe Subaquous Delta
Li Anlong Yang Rongmin Cao Lihua Feng Xiuli
(Institute of Esturine and Coastal Studies,
Ocean Universtity of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract After analysing the acoustic data and the difference blocks' geotechnical data of the modern Huanghe estuary, we find that the differential erosion and failure behvior of soil in the slope are controlled by sedimental geotechnical properties: The counter-failure ability of soil with a low clay content(<10%), high water content(30%~45%) and large void ratio(0.8~1.2) is weaker; the soil breakage will form collapse; The soil which has a high clay content (>20%), high water content(>45%) and large void ratio(>1.2) can slide and form surface disturbance bodies; and the soil which has a middle clay content(<20%), middle water content(20%~30%) and small porosity ratio(<0.8) has stronger counterfailure abilities and can be preserved to form monadnocks. Geotechnical properties will be changed after breakage, the water content and porosity ratio will decrease, the wet density and strength will increase, and the abilities of counter-breakage will strengthen, hence the slope stability will enhance.
Key words Huanghe subaquous delta; acoustic explore; differential erosion; geotechnical properties
Drained Behavior of Sand Under Low Confining Pressure
Parts of this work were funded by the Commission for the European Communities, Directorate General Ⅻ for Science, Research and Development under Contract No. MAS3-CT97-0097, MAST Ⅲ project“Sour Around Coastal Structures(SCARCOST)”.
Laboratory supported by Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Received: 2000-02-28; Revised: 2000-07-08
Yang Shaoli1（杨少丽） Rolf Sandven2
Feng Xiuli1（冯秀丽） Linlin1 (林 霖)
(1 Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003）
(2 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway)
Abstract The drained behavior of Hokksund sand under low confining pressure was studied through static triaxial test, and the samples were prepared through the dry sedimentation method. The test results were corrected through the membrane effect which is often neglected under high confining pressure, the correction to axial stress for dense sample under a cell pressure of 10 kPa is equal to 12%. It is demonstrated that the dilatancy behavior of loose sand under low cell pressure is obvious and there exists a maximum shear stress for loose sand; the lower the cell pressure, the smaller the maximum shear stress and the smaller the corresponding axial shear strain for both loose and dense sand. At the same time, it is found that the stress strain behaviors of sand with different relative densities are different; in addition, the lower the confining cell pressure, the bigger the internal frictional angle of sand, so attention should be paid to the selection of parameters for sand under low cell pressure in practical engineering.
Key words sand; low confining pressure; dilantancy behavior; membrane effect; internal frictional angle
低围压水平下砂的排水行为
欧共体科研与发展项目MAST3-(T97-0097)、国家自然科学基金课题(50009002)资助
收稿日期2000-02-28；修订日期：2000-07-28
杨少丽，女，1970年11月出生，博士，讲师。
杨少丽1 Rolf Sandven2 冯秀丽1 林 霖1
(1 青岛海洋大学,青岛，266003,2 挪威科学技术大学，特隆赫姆，7491)
摘 要 采用干样沉降法制备样品，选用静三轴仪对松砂和密砂样在10kPa 至100kPa的低围压下的排水行为进行了实验研究，并对实验结果作了橡皮膜校正，在围压为10kPa的密砂实验中，轴向应力的校正值可达到12%。实验研究表明低围压下松砂的剪胀性非常明显，且存在剪应力极值；围压越低，松砂和密砂的剪应力极值越小，达到最大剪应力所对应的剪应变越小。同时还表明低围压范围内相对密度不同，砂的应力应变特性不同；此外，低围压下砂的内摩擦角高于高围压下的值，从而在工程上应重视低围压水平下砂土工程参数的合理选取。
关键词 砂；低围压；剪胀性；橡皮膜效应；内摩擦角
中图法分类号 TU41；TU43 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-44107
New Oscillation Criteria for n-TH Order
Neutral Functional Differential Equations
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19771051)
Received: 2000-06-26；Revised: 2001-03-08
Xia Qing(夏 青)
(Department of Mathematics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071)
Abstract New sufficient conditions are obtained for a class of n-th order neutral differential equations based on a new “interval criterion” for oscillation. The work in this paper improves the generalized Kamenev's type criteria obtained by Lalli, Ruan. and Zhang, and many other known results.
Key Words neutral; functional differential equation; oscillation
AMS Subject Classifications 34K15
N阶中立型泛函微分方程新的振动准则
国家自然科学基金课题(19771051)资助
收稿日期：2000-06-06；修订日期：2001-03-08
夏 青，女，1956年5月出生，硕士，讲师。
（青岛大学数学系,青岛，266071）
摘 要 作者对一类N阶中立型泛函微分方程给出了新的区间振动准则。文中的结果推广和改进了由Lalli等人得到的广义Kamenev型准则及其它已知结果。
关键词 中立型；泛函微分方程；振动性
中图法分类号 O175.1 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-448--07
关于洛伦茨曲线与吉尼系数的探讨
收稿日期：2000-05--11；修订日期：2000-10-13
陈 峥，男，1947年3月出生，硕士，教授。
陈 峥
(青岛海洋大学，青岛，266003)
摘 要 作者运用数理统计的手段，分析了在经济学中广为应用的描述性曲线-洛伦茨曲线y=L(t)的数理实质，给出其积分表达式，L(t)=(1/Eξ)∫t0F-1(u)du，并在此基础上讨论某些分布的吉尼系数与标准差系数的关系，同时给出一个讨论一般分布函数的吉尼系数的途径：将分布函数展成泰勒级数。
关键词 洛伦茨曲线；吉尼系数；分布函数；标准差系数
中图法分类号 O212.1；F224.9 文章编号 1001-1862(2001)03-455-06
Study on the Lorenz Curve and the Gini Coefficient
Chen Zheng
(Ocean University of Qingdao,Qingdao,266003)
Abstract By using methods of mathematical statistics, the essence of Lorenz curve y=L(t),a kind of descriptive curve widely used in economics, was analysed; L(t)=(1/Eξ)∫t0F-1(u)du. Based on this result, the relationship between the Gini coefficient of some distribution and the standard deviation coefficient was discussed, also a method for discussing for general distributions function the Gini coefficient was given, i.e., to the distribution function into a Taylor series.
Key words Lorenz curve; Gini coefficient; distribution function; standard deviation coefficient