综述关于南海暖水季节和年际变化的研究王启

综述
关于南海暖水季节和年际变化的研究

王启
(中国海洋大学海洋气象系，青岛 266003)
摘要：阐述了研究南海暖水的意义，综述了关于南海暖水的
现状，提出了关于南海暖水季节和年际变化方面应该研究的问题。
关键词：南海暖水；季节变化；年际变化
中图法分类号: P722.7 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-821-04

The Study of the Seasonal and Interannual Variations of the South China Sea Warm Water
Wang Qi
(Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 26003, China)
Abstract: In this paper why we should study the South China Sea warm water is explained and today's research results are described and some questions which should be studied about seasonal and interannual variability of the South China Sea warm water are proposed.
Key word: the South China Sea warm water; seasonal variation; interannual variation

　

太平洋波高分布及变化规律研究

韩树宗 1 朱大勇 2 郭佩芳 1
(1中国海洋大学，青岛 266003；2国家海洋局第二海洋研究所，杭州 310012)
摘要：使用Topex/Poseidon卫星高度计1992年10月～1998年12月连续75个月，230个重复周期的有效波高资料对南北太平洋的有效波高进行了统计，分析了太平洋有效波高的多年平均、多年各月平均和多年各季平均的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明，太平洋波高分布具有明显季节变化的规律，与太平洋的风速分布特征具有良好的对应关系。
关键词：太平洋；卫星高度计；有效波高(SWH)
中图法分类号： TP79;P73 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-825-08

A Study of Distribution and Variation Rules of SWH in the Pacific Ocean by Using the Satellite Altimetry Data
Han Shuzong 1 Zhu Dayong 2 Guo Peifang 1
(1 Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China；
2 The Second Institute Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China)
Abstract： The statistical analysis was made on the significant wave height (SWH) in the Pacific Ocean with data from Topex/Poseidon altimeter from October 1992 to December 1998. The research included the work on the temporal and spatial distribution of SWH for years in succession and every month, every season for years in succession in the Pacific Ocean. The results indicate that there are evident seasonal variation rules in the distribution of SWH in the Pacific Ocean, and it has a good corresponding relationship to the distribution of
wind speed in the Pacific Ocean.
Key words： the Pacific Ocean; satellite altimeter; significant wave height(SWH)

大洋性次表层和中层水团隶属函数的拟合与应用
李凤岐李曜谢骏
(中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院，青岛 266003)
摘要：本文针对大洋性水团的TS曲线族特征，提出了拟合其
隶属函数的2种方法——直线定位法和坐标旋转法。把这2种方法应用于拟合巴士海峡两侧的次表层高盐水团和中层低盐水团的隶属函数并进行了讨论。文中给出了拟合的原理、公式和实例，表明它们在分析水团的分布特征、混合变性过程，特别是追踪其来源等方面是很有价值的。
关键词：水团； TS曲线；模糊数学；隶属函数；南海；巴士海峡
中图法分类号：X145 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-833-08

A Study of Distribution and Variation Rules of SWH in the Pacific Ocean by Using the Satellite Altimetry Data

Masses at Subsurface and Intermediate Layer in the Oceans

Li Fengqi Li Yao Xie Jun

( College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Two new methods of fitting the membership function of oceanic water masses are presented according to the characteristics of TS curves family of oceanic water masses. The membership functions of oceanic Subsurface Water Mass with higher salinity and Intermediate Water Mass with lower salinity on both sides of the Bashi Channel were simulated by using the two methods and discussed. The principles, formulae and examples are given in this paper. It indicates that it is very useful in analyzing the distributional features and modifying process during mixing of these water masses, especially in tracing back to the sources of these water masses.
Key words: water mass; TS curve; fuzzy sets; membership function; the South China Sea; Bashi Channel

渤海春季浮游细菌分布与生态环境因子的关系

白洁 1 李岿然 2 李正炎 1 孙军 2 魏皓 3 刘素美 4 吴增茂 3

（中国海洋大学 1海洋生态环境实验室；2海洋生命学院; 3物理海洋研究所；4化学化工学院，青岛266003）

摘要：研究了1999年4～5月渤海水体浮游细菌分布与生态环境因子的关系。结果显示，渤海春季表层水体浮游细菌含量与水温和溶解性有机碳呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.601(P<0.01)和0.406(P<0.05)，并与溶解氧含量呈负相关，相关系数为0.519(P<0.01)；底层水体浮游细菌含量与水温、溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon, DOC）、颗粒性有机碳（particulate organic carbon, POC）和叶绿素a含量呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.820(P<0.01)，0.661(P<0.01)，0.531(P<0.01)和0.442(P<0.05)，并与溶解氧含量呈负相关，相关系数为0.650(P<0.01 )。表明水温和DOC、POC含量是渤海水域浮游细菌含量的主要限制因子，而水体中的溶解氧（dissolved oxygen, DO）含量与浮游细菌的含量有关。
关键词：渤海；浮游细菌分布；环境因子
中图法分类号： X172 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-841-06

Relationship Between the Environmental Factors and Distribution of Bacterioplankton in the Bohai Sea
Bai Jie 1 Li Kuiran 2 Li Zhengyan 1 Sun Jun 2 Wei Hao 3 Liu Sumei 4 Wu Zengmao 3
(Ocean University of China, 1 Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem;2 College of Marine Life Science；3 Institute of Physical Oceanography;4 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： This paper presents the relationship between the environmental factors and the distribution of bacterioplankton in the Bohai Sea studied from April to May in 1999. The results show that the number of bacterioplankton in the surface layer was closely correlated with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and water temperature (r=0.406, P<0.05 and r=0.601, P<0.01 respectively). The number of bacterioplankton in the bottom layer was closely correlated with the concentrations of DOC (r=0.661,
P<0.01) and particulate organic carbon (POC) (r=0.531,P<0.01), chlorophyll a (r=0.442, P<0.05), and water temperature (r=0.820, P<0.01). The numbers of bacterioplankton in both surface and bottom layers were also correlated with dissolved oxygen. The results indicate that the main limiting factors to the number of bacterioplankton were the contents of DOC and POC, as well as the water temperature in the Bohai Sea in spring.
Key words: the Bohai Sea; distribution of bacterioplankton; environmental factors

西瓦湖中壬基酚和双酚A的污染特征
李正炎 1，2 Donghao Li 2

(1 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院，青岛 266003；2 Laboratory of Marine Environment and Climate Change, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, Korea)
2 Laboratory of Marine Environment and Climate Change, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, Korea)

摘要：本文研究了西瓦湖内外各环境介质，包括表层水体、悬浮物、间隙水和沉积物中的壬基酚和双酚A的浓度分布。结果表明，湖内上述介质中的壬基酚浓度分别为17.4～113.4ng/L，15.6～28.6ng/L，240～3 890ng/L和5.6～1 629ng/g，西瓦湖外的壬基酚浓度则相对较低。表层水体与其他介质中的壬基酚浓度之间存在显著性相关关系。双酚A的分布特征与壬基酚相似，但前者的浓度较低，在上述介质中的浓度分别为13.0～50.4ng/L ，3.2～8.5ng/L，85～280ng/L和1.3～11.2ng/g。本文还讨论了西瓦湖中的壬基酚和双酚A污染对当地生物的潜在危害。
关键词：壬基酚；双酚A；内分泌干扰物；污染
中图法分类号： X131.2 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-847-07

Distribution Characteristics of Nonylphenoland Bisphenol A in Shihwa Lake
Li Zhengyan 1，2 Donghao Li 2
(1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China；
2 Laboratory of Marine Environment and Climate Change, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, Korea)
Abstract： The distribution patterns of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in surface water, suspended solids, porewater and sediments in Shihwa Lake were studied. Nonylphenol concentrations in these media of Shihwa Lake were in the range of 17.4～113.4ng/L, 15.6～28.6ng/L,240～3 890ng/L and 5.6～1 629ng/g, respectively. The concentrations outside the lake were relatively lower. Nonylphenol in the surface water showed significant correlations with those in other media. Bisphenol A showed a similar distribution pattern with nonylphenol, but its concentrations were much lower, in the range of 13.0～50.4ng/L, 3.2～8.5ng/L, 85～280ng/L and 1.3～11.2ng/g, respectively in the above media. Possible effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol A pollution on various organisms in Shihwa Lake were discussed.
Key words: nonylphenol; bisphenol A; endocrine disruptors; pollution

中国对虾触角腺组织结构和功能的初步研究
刘晓云 1 徐卫 1 包振民 2
(中国海洋大学 1环境科学与工程学院； 2海洋生命学院，青岛 266003)
摘要：在光镜和透射电镜下观察中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis )触角腺的组织结构和细胞超微结构，并对其生理功能进行了初步探讨。光镜观察显示：触角腺由体腔囊、迷路和原肾管3部分组成。开放的血窦和动脉小血管分布在体腔囊和迷路
小管之间。电镜观察研究表明：① 体腔囊壁由足细胞和基膜组成，足细胞以足状突起连接于基膜上，血窦和动脉小血管中的血淋巴液滤入体腔囊形成原尿。足细胞吸收原尿中的大分子物质，并行细胞内消化与解毒作用。② 迷路小管上皮细胞游离面具发达的微绒毛，细胞基部质膜形成大量内褶。迷路具有对原尿中的大分子物质、水及无机离子进行重吸收的功能，并能排泄机体代谢废物，参与渗透压调节。③ 原肾管上皮细胞基部质膜和侧膜向细胞内形成更深更多的质膜内褶，细胞进一步重吸收管腔中的水及无机离子，并通过活跃的无机离子代谢作用，在形成中国对虾高渗、浓缩尿中发挥重要作用。
关键词：中国对虾；触角腺；体腔囊；迷路；原肾管；质膜内褶
中图法分类号： Q24； Q959.223+.63      文章编号： 1001--1862(2003)06-854-07

Histology and Functions Study of the Antennal Gland of Penaeus chinensis

Liu Xiaoyun 1 Xu Wei 1 Bao Zhenmin 2
(Ocean University of China，1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering,
2 College of Marine Life, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： The structure of tissue cells in the antennal gland the of Penaeus chinensis was examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The examining results of light microscopy show that the antennal gland
consists of the coelomosac, labyrinth and nephridial canal. The open blood sinuses and small arteries are scattered within the antennal gland. Examination by electron microscopy shows: (1) The coelomosca wall is composed of podcytes and basement membrance. The projections of the podocytes are connected with the base
ment membrane. The blood plasma in the blood sinuses and small arteries is filtered by the basement membrane of the coelomosac then the wall of the small artery into the coelomosac and forms primary urinary.The podocytes play a role in abso rbing large molecular matter from the primary urinary, and in intracell digestion and detoxification. (2) The columnar cells in the labyrinth are possessed of microvilli and basal plasmalmmal invaginations. The tubules of the labyrinth can reabsorb large molecular matter, water, and abioions, and appearcation be active in eliminatling waste and regulating the osmotic pressure. (3) The plasmalemmal invaginations in the basal and lateral cell membranes of thenephridial canalepicthelial cell are deeper and more considerable than that labyrinth epithelial cell. The epithelial cell of the nephridid canal can farther absorb water and abioions from the lumen of the nephridial canal. It plays an important role in
the formation of highly osmotic urinary.
Key words： Penaeus chinensis； antennal gland； coelomosac； labyrinth； nephridial canal； plasma memebrane infoldings

臭氧对空气中IBV冠状病毒的杀灭效果的研究

洪波 1 王品虹 1 纪义国 2 熊祥云 2 汪笑宇 1 张立斌 1
(1 中国海洋大学； 2 青岛市胸科医院，青岛 266003)
摘要：本文利用强氧化剂臭氧O3对空气中的冠状病毒进行杀灭试验。经不同臭氧浓度、湿度、温度处理灭活的冠状病毒于10日龄鸡胚培养一代，进行对流免疫电泳试验检测。结果表明，臭氧浓度在高于20.3mg/m3，作用时间超过15min时就可将病毒完全杀灭。湿度和温度对臭氧的杀毒效果也有显著影响，即湿度越大灭活效果越好，温度越高杀毒效果越明显。
关键词：臭氧; 冠状病毒; 杀灭实验
中图法分类号： R183.3；R187        文章编号：1001-1862(2003)06-861-04

Study on the Sterilize Efficiency of Ozone Acting on IB Virus in the Air
Hong Bo 1 Wang Pinhong 1 Ji Yiguo 2 Xiong Xiangyun 2 Wang Xiaoyu 1 Z hang Libin 1
(1 Ocean University of China；2 Throat Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003,China )
Abstract： In the experiments, ozone, as a kind of oxidizing agent, is used to kill IB virus, arepresentative type of coronary virus.The coronary virus with different treatments were cultivated in eggs of 10 days old a
nd tested by means of CIE. The results showed that the ozone density is an important factor, which affects the lethal oxidizing impacts of ozone. When the density of ozone is larger than 20.3mg/m3 and the treating time more than 15min, the virus were put into inactivation completely. The humidity and temperatur
e both affect the efficiency of ozone. The higher humidity and temperature, the more obvious sterilize efficiency.
Key words： ozone; coronary virus; sterilize experiment

西北地区3个卤虫品系生物特性比较研究
马琳王麒麟王春龙
（中国海洋大学海洋渔业系，青岛 266003）
摘要：对采自新疆鲸鱼湖卤虫(Artemia sp.)、新疆艾比湖和青海尕海卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica)的3个品系的生物学进行了测定。研究了温度与孵化率之间的关系，以及盐度对鲸鱼湖卤虫孵化率的影响。观察了鲸鱼湖卤虫的染色体倍性组成。除壳厚外, 鲸鱼湖卤虫卵的生物学测定值均大于另外2品系卤虫；最佳孵化温度范围：鲸鱼湖、艾比湖卤虫为20℃，尕海卤虫为25℃。鲸鱼湖卤虫卵的最佳孵化盐度范围是28。鲸鱼湖卤虫为两性生殖，与孤雌生殖的艾比湖和尕海卤虫一样，染色体倍性组成为2n，染色体数为2n=42。
关键词：卤虫(Artemia)；生物学测定值；温度；盐度；孵化率；染色体倍性

中图法分类号： Q959.223         文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-865-06

Comparative Studies on the Biological Charalteristics of Three ARTEMIA Starains from Northwestern China
Ma Lin Wang Qilin Wang Chunlong
(Department of Marine Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Biological characteristics and the relationship between the hatching rate and the temperature of Artemia sp. isolated from the Whale Lake in Xinjiang (strain XJ) and Artemia parthenogenetica from the Aibi
Lake in Xinjiang (strain AX) and Gahai Lake in Qinghai(QG) respectively were studied. The effect of salinity to the hatching rate of strain XJ were also detected and the chromosome ploidy composition of the strain XJ were measured and observed. The values of biological parameters measuring, except the chorion thicknes
s, for the strain XJ were higher than that of other two strains. The optimal hatching temperature was 20℃ for the strain XJ and XA, and 25℃ for the strain QG. The optimum hatching salinity for strain XJ was 28. The strain XJ was bisexual, and the chromosome ploidy was 2n. The total chromosome number of strain XJwas 42 as same as that of strain XA and QG.
Key word: Artemia； biometric； temperature； salinity； hatching rate； chromosome

　

研究简报

枪乌贼羽状壳制备壳聚糖的研究
徐玮江洁林洪
(中国海洋大学食品科学与工程系，青岛 266003)
摘要：以枪乌贼的骨骼组织羽状壳为原料，设计正交实验分析了碱液浓度、温度和时间对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和粘度的影响；对枪乌贼羽状壳制备的壳聚糖的性能进行了初步研究。结果表明，以羽状壳制备的壳聚糖特点是具有较高的粘度(3890mPa·s
)，颜色为浅黄褐色，可免除脱钙脱色环节。在碱液浓度为45%，温度为90℃，反应时间为4h的条件下，可得到较好品质的壳聚糖产品。
关键词：枪乌贼羽状壳；壳聚糖；脱乙酰度；粘度
中图法分类号： O63 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-871-04

A Preparation of Chitosan from Squid Gladii
Xu Wei Jiang Jie Lin Hong
(Department of Food Science & Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Chitosan is made from squid gladii. A orthogonal experiment is designed to analyze the effects of the concentration of NaOH, solution temperature and reaction time on the process of deacetylation. The results show that the viscosity of this chitosan solution is higher than that of other sources, and the procedure of decalcium and decolor can be omitted. The optimal condition for deacetyl to obtain high quality chitosan is soak in 45% NaOH solution at 90℃ for 4 hours.

Key words： gladius of squid; chitosan; degree of deacetylation; viscosity

研究简报
番茄红素稳定性的研究
冯晓梅韩玉谦隋晓管华诗
(中国海洋大学国家海洋药物工程技术研究中心，青岛 266101)
摘要：本文从温度、光照、氧化剂、还原剂、抗氧化剂、酸碱及金属离子7个方面对番茄红素油树脂的稳定性进行了考察。结果表明：日光与紫外光、氧化剂H2O2与还原剂Na2SO3对番茄红素的破坏作用较大；常温下番茄红素比较稳定，但
较高的温度(＞60℃)对番茄红素破坏较强；酸对番茄红素有一定的破坏作用，碱对番茄红素稳定性影响较小；金属离子中Fe3+，Cu2+，Fe2+，Al3+对番茄红素有破坏作用。番茄红素油树脂在储存过程中可以添加适量的抗氧化剂来减少番茄红素的损失。
关键词：番茄红素；油树脂；稳定性
中图法分类号： TS202.3 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-875-06

Studies on the Stability of Lycopene
Feng Xiaomei Han Yuqian Sui Xiao Guan Huashi
(National Engineering Research Center for Marine Drugs,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266101 China)
Abstract: Seven factors, including temperature, light, oxidant, reductant, antioxidant, acid and alkali , and metal ions were used to test the stability of Lycopene. The results show that Lycopene is stable at lower temperature. However, it is sensitive at high temperature(＞60℃), light, ultraviolet, acid, oxidant H2O2 and reductant Na2SO3. Fe3+，Cu2+，Al3+and Fe2+ damage the stability of lycopene greatly. Adding antioxidant in the oleoresin can reduce the loss of lycopene.
Key words: lycopene; oleoresin; stability

深海抗风浪网箱锚泊系统的设计
宋协法 1 万荣 1 黄文强 2
1 中国海洋大学水产学院，青岛266003;2 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，青岛 266071
摘要：通过对网箱框架、网衣在风、浪、流作用下的受力分析，建立网箱锚泊系统缆绳受力计算的数学模型。以国家十五“863”计划课题—“深海抗风浪网箱的研制”所设计的网箱为例，选定山东荣成市寻山海域10年一遇的灾害海况为设计计算
条件，根据Morison公式，采用GoodmanLance方法求得单个网箱的锚泊力为65.67kN。在此基础上对网箱的锚泊系统进行设计，确定了锚泊系统每只锚重250kg，锚链重为150kg，缆绳长度为33m。
关键词：抗风浪网箱；锚泊系统；受力分析；水动力计算
中图法分类号： S953 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-881-05

Mooring System Design for StormProof Aquaculture Cages in Deep Sea Areas
Song Xiefa 1 Wan Rong 1 Huang Wenqiang 2
(1 College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China;
(2 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： The Morison formula and GoodmanLance method were employed to calculate the hydrodynamic loads acting on the cage and the tension of the mooring rope system. The experimental aquaculture cage, placed in the Xunshan sea area, Rongcheng City, Shandong Province for the project was used as an example for numerical calculation. The results show that the total load on the cage is about 65.67kN, and four anchors (4kg×250kg), four mooring chains (4kg×150kg) and four mooring ropes(4m×33m) are needed for operation in safety.
Key words： stormproof aquaculture cage; mooring system; tension analysis; hydrodynamic loads calculation

研究简报
竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究
孟范平李桂芳
(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部环境生态系，青岛 266003)
摘要：采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法，研究了竹醋(Bamboo Vinegar, BV)及其主要有机成分(乙酸)对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明：① 当VBV/V污水的比值达到1/106时，BV对污水CODcr
的去除有极显著的强化作用：CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高10%。但是，BV对污水中 NH+4N，TP的去除率没有影响。② 乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率，当V乙酸/V污水为1/107时，强化效果最好，CODcr去除率提高13%。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点，所以认为BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将BV应用于污水处理中，需要进一步研究确定BV对活性污泥法、生物膜法处理污水的强化效果。
关键词：竹醋；乙酸；生活污水；好氧处理；生物强化
中图法分类号： X171 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-886-05

A Pilot Study on the Bioaugmentation of Bamboo Vinegar (BV)for the Aerobic Treatment of Domestic Sewage
Meng Fanping Li Guifang
(Department of Environmental Ecology, Division of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstracts： The bioaugmentation of bamboo vinegar (BV) and its main organic constitute(acetic acid) for the aerobic treatment of domestic sewage was studied by detecting the removal percentages of 3 pollutants after adding these two substances into the sewage. It showed that, when the volume ratio of B V to sewage (VBV/VS) was 1/106, BV strengthened the removal of CODcr in sewage significantly with an increment of 10% in comparison with the control experiments. But the augmentation of BV to NH+4N and TP was not observed at all ratios of VBV/VS. The greatest augmentation of acetic acid (AA) was obtained at the VAA/VS ratio of 1/107, with an increment of 13% in the removal of CODcr in comparison with the control experiments. It was thought that the bioaugmentation of BV to sewage treatment resulted from acetic acid because it had the same effects on the removal of pollutants as BV. In order to apply BV in the treatment of domestic sewage effectively, it is necessary to study its augmentation in the activated sludge process and the biological membrane method.
Key words： bamboo vinegar(BV); acetic acid; domestic sewage; aerobic treatment; bioaugmentation

综述
自由生活海洋线虫的系统分类学
张志南周红
(中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛 266003)
摘要：自由生活海洋线虫是海洋中最丰富的后生动物，它属于小型底栖动物的永久性成员，即分选时，可通过0.5mm或1mm网筛但被0.031mm或0.042mm孔径网筛蓄留的动物，本文讨论线虫在动物界的分类地位，与相近动物类群的亲缘关系，泄腺纲与泄管纲分类系统的由来和演变。海洋线虫属于泄腺纲，由Bremerhaven种名录和Lorenzen确立的分类系统已得到广泛的应用。海洋线虫的分类系统仍处在发展和完善中，需要发现更多更有价值的共近裔性状用于物种水平和较高分类阶元的分析和鉴定。
关键词：自由生活海洋线虫；泄腺纲；泄管纲；分类学
中图法分类号： Q959.17 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-891-10
　

The Systematics of FreeLiving Marine Nematodes
Zhang Zhinan Zhou Hong
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Abstract： Freeliving marine nematodes are the most abundant metazoans in marine sediments and also the dominant permenent member of the meiofauna that has been defined as organisms capable of passing through a sieve with an aperture 0.5mm(1 000μm) but retained by a sieve with an aperture 0.042mm(0.031mm). This paper describes the phylogenetic position for nematodes in invertebrates and their relationship with close groups. That marine nematodes are of a the phylum and division of adenophorea and secernentea has been accepted by most nematologists. The systematic system established by Gerlach and Riemann's, Bremerhaven Checklist and Lorenzen, has been recognized by most marine nematologists. The systematics of marine nematodes is still under development. It is ncessary to discover more characters of synapomorphy for the identification of species and higher taxa.
Key words： freeliving marine nematodes; adenophorea; secernentea; systematics

综述
海洋桡足类滞育卵在海水养殖
业中的应用及其前景
刘光兴陈珂
(中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛 266003)
摘要：海洋桡足类作为小型甲壳动物，是鱼虾类良好的天然饵料，其繁殖和培养将在现代海水养殖业中发挥重要的作用。本文就桡足类滞育卵的产生、控制条件和在养殖业上的潜在价值等进行了综述。
关键词：海洋；桡足类；滞育卵；海水养殖
中图法分类号： S963.21 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-901-06

Application and Prospect of Marine Copepod Diapause Eggs in Mariculture
Liu Guangxing Chen Ke
(College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Marine copepods are kinds of small crustacean zooplankton，and are high quality food for larviculture of marine fishes. In this paper, the results related the studies of diapause eggs are summarized, and the prospects of the application of it in mariculture are discussed.
Key words: marine copepod; diapause egg; mariculture

胶州湾浮游植物分子遗传多样性初步研究
刘永健杨官品门荣新

（中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛 266003）
摘要：用聚合酶链式反应扩增海洋浮游植物总体的核酮糖1, 5二磷酸羧化/氧化酶大亚基基因（rbcL）片段，建立该基因变异类型文库，并随机测定了38个rbcL大亚基基因片段序列，初步分析了海洋浮游植物分子遗传多样性。将≥97% 的氨基酸序列相似性定义为种内变异，38个片段分别代表13个不同的物种，或称为不同的操作分类单元。与数据库序列比较发现，PPJZ01，PPJZ11和PPJZ20可能是已报道的rbcL基因序列代表的物种，其它克隆在数据库中没有对应的近缘物种序列存在。系统学分析表明分离的克隆分别属于隐藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门和streptophyta等的浮游植物，极少数克隆来源于异鞭毛藻类、定鞭藻纲和原细菌。根据各操作分类单元克隆数计算得胶州湾浮游植物分子遗传多样性指数为1.97。研究结果为利用分子生物学方法剖分海洋浮游植物群落结构、研究海洋浮游植物动力学积累了基础数据。
关键词：浮游植物；核酮糖1, 5二磷酸羧化/氧化酶大亚基基因；分子遗传多样性
中图法分类号： Q344;Q943.2 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-907-10

Prelimilary Study on the Molecular Genetic Diversity of Phytoplankton in Jiaozhou Bay
Liu Yongjian Yang Guanpin Men Rongxin
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Thirtyeight ribulose1, 5bisphosphate carboxynase / oxygenase large subunit gene (rbcL) fragments of marine plankton are amplified, cloned and sequenced. If ≥97% similarity of amino acid sequences is considered to be the variation within a species, these 38 rbcL sequences may come are from 13 species, or operational taxonomical units (OTU). However, only three of them, PPJZ01, PPJZ11 and PPJZ20, have been assigned to known species and the remains are from unidentified species. Systematic analysis has assigned the
majority of these clones into streptophyta, chlorophyta, bacillarriophyta and cryptophyta, and a few of them into haptophyceae, stramenopiles and proteobacteria. The genetic diversity index is 1.97, which is calculated from the abundances of putative species or OTUs.
Key words: phytoplankton; Ribulose1, 5bisphosphate carboxynase/oxygenase large subunit gene; molecular genetic diversity

浮游植物粒级研究方法的比较
孙军刘东艳钟华张利永
（中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，青岛 266003）
摘要：基于2001年8月胶州湾浮游植物综合调查资料，对显微测量粒径分析法、叶绿素a粒级分离法、电子粒度分析仪法这3种浮游植物粒级结构研究方法进行了初步比较，以期为较准确研究浮游植物的粒级结构提供科学依据。发现，当调查区内
优势种为小细胞种类的链状群体时，使用叶绿素a粒级分离、电子粒度分析仪法区分粒径的结果会低估小细胞的种类。用显微测量粒径分析法，测量出各种类的粒径参数，可以较准确地推算出浮游植物群落粒级结构。这对浮游植物群落的粒级结构分析是1个必要的补充。
关键词：浮游植物；粒级结构；显微测量粒径分析法；
叶绿素a粒级分离法；电子粒度分析仪法
中图法分类号： Q178.53 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-917-08

A Comparison of Three Methods for Studying Phytoplankton Size Fraction
Sun Jun Liu Dongyan Zhong Hua Zhang Liyong
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Three methods for the determination of phytoplankt on size fractions, microscopical sizing, chlorophyll a sizing and electronic sizing, were carried out for phytoplankton species from Jiaozhou Bay. It is found that when chain form smallcelled phytoplankters are predominant, the latter two methods will overestimate the abundance of the bigcelled phytoplankters. This will neglect the importance of smallcelled phytoplankters, such as nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton in the marine ecosystem in these regions. This indicates that when we study the size fractions of phytoplankton, it is necessary
to mend it by microscopical sizing method.
Key words： phytoplankton; size fraction; microscopical size fraction analysis; chlorophyll a size froction analysis; electronic particles counter size froction analysis

海带多酚的产生与抗褐藻酸降解菌感染的相关性
李春雷唐学玺张培玉王丽丽
(中国海洋大学生态学实验室，青岛 266003)
摘要：利用生物化学的方法探讨了褐藻酸降解菌感染过程中海带体内多酚含量的变化，并分析了多酚含量的高低与海带对褐藻酸降解菌感染抗性的相关性。研究结果表明：褐藻酸降解菌感染下海带体内多酚含量急剧上升，并且这种变化具有普遍性；多酚含量的急剧上升只发生在褐藻酸降解菌感染的初期阶段；海带体内多酚含量的高低与海带对褐藻酸降解菌的抗性具有明显的相关性。表明多酚类化合物在海带抵抗褐藻酸降解菌的感染中起重要作用。
关键词：海带；褐藻酸降解菌；抗性；相关性；多酚
中图法分类号： S946.1 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-925-05

Relationship Between the Polyphenol Generation and Resistance Against Infection by Acid Decomposing Bacteria
in Laminaria japonica
Li Chunlei Tang Xuexi Zhang Peiyu Wang Lili
(Ecology Laboratory， Ocean Uniwersity of China， Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract： The change of polyphenol content in Laminaria japonica was investigated by biochemical methods. The relationship between polyphenolgeneration and resistance against infection by acid decomposing bacteria was also analysed in Laminaria japonica. The results obtained are as follows： 1 The polyphenol content in Laminaria japonica increased sharply under the infection by acid decomposing bacteria，and the change of polyphenol content exhibited generality. 2 The remarkable increasing of polyphenol content occurred only in the early stage of the infection. 3 The polyphenol generation had a close relations hip with resitsance against infection by acid decomposing bacteria. Therefore，polyphenol plays an important role in resistance against infection by acid decomposing bacteria in Laminaria japonica.
Key words： Laminaria japonica; acid decomposing bacteria;resistance; relationship； polyphenol

综述
我国近海油气资源基本状况及勘探方向探讨
何拥军
(青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071)
摘要：本文通过对我国近海油气资源的分布特征进行分析，指出渤海湾盆地是我国近海石油的主力产区。天然气的主力产区为莺歌海盆地和东海陆架盆地，目前勘探的重点应放在渤海湾盆地，其次是东海陆架盆地，珠江口盆地第三。在加强对新生代盆地勘探的同时，应重视对中生代地层的勘探；在深化浅水区勘探的同时，不失时机地开
展深水勘探；在加强构造圈闭勘探的同时，密切注视非构造圈闭的油气资源的勘探。
关键词：油气资源；近海；勘探方向
中图法分类号： P618.106; P618.13 文章编号：1001-1862(2003)06-930-07

General Situation of Offshore China Petroleum Resource s and Suggentions on Their Exploration
He Yongjun
(Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract: Through the analysis of petroleum resource distributions in offshore China, it is pointed out that the Bohai Bay basin is the principal oil production area in offshore China, and the main areas of natural gas
production are located in the Yinggehai and East China Sea shelf basins. Thus, at present, the emphasis of petroleum explorations should be first laid upon the Bohai Bay basin, then on the East China Sea shelf basin, and thirdly on the Pearl River mouth basin. Explorations should be strengthened in the Cenozoic basins,
and at the same time, great attention should also be paid to Mesozoic strata; explorations are to be redoubled in shallow waters, and efforts should also be made in deep waters if necessary; and we should pay great attention to hydrocarbon resources in nontectonic traps while deepening our explorations in tectonic
traps.
Key words: oil and gas resources; offshore； exploration

研究简报
大洋底质调查钢丝绳的倾斜校正
赵继胜杨荣民郭心顺
(中国海洋大学，青岛 266003)
摘要：根据“东方红2”调查船3次大洋底质调查获得的实放钢丝绳长度、钢丝绳倾斜角度、船舶漂移速度等数10个实测数据，通过统计分析得到了放钢丝绳长度与钢丝绳倾斜角度之间的经验关系公式。依据该经验公式进行倾斜校正比用余弦法进行校正少放钢丝绳数百至一千多米。该公式适用条件：水深2 000～6 000m,钢丝绳倾角0～55°。
关键词：钢丝绳倾斜校正；大洋底质调查；经验公式中
图法分类号： P715.1 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-937-06

Inclination Correction for Wire Length in Ocean Bottom Soil Sampling
Zhao Jisheng Yang Rongmin Guo Xinshun
(Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Through analyzing the data on wire length, wire inclination angle and ship drift speed collected in several ocean bottom soil sampling cruises by R/V “Dong Fang Hong 2”, Ocean University of China, an empirical formula for the inclination correction for wire length is established. Compared with the cosine correction method, the wire discharge required by this formulais 100～1 000 meters less. This formula is valid for water depths between 2 000 and 6 000 meters, and inclination angles between 0° and 55°.
Key words： steel wire inclination correction; ocean bottom soil sampling; empiric formula

　

一种基于粗糙集的文本分类规则抽取方法
孟庆春 1,2 王汉萍 1 魏天滨 1 葛艳 1 高云1
(1 中国海洋大学计算机系，青岛 266071；2 清华大学智能技术与系统国家重点实验室，北京 100004)
摘要：随着文本数据库的日益增大，寻找新的文本数据处理方法变得十分紧迫。本文将粗糙集理论应用于文本自动分类的规则提取，提出了基于粗糙集理论的文本分类方法。把文本特征项的权值进行离散化处理后，作为规则的条件属性，文本所属的类别用作决策属性，构造决策表，然后通过决策表的知识约简算法提取出文本的分类规则。实验结果表明，该方法提取规则的分类正确率较高，分类速度较快。
关键词：文本分类；粗糙集；决策表；属性约简；规则提取
中图法分类号： TP391.6 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-943-07

A Method of Rules Extraction of Text Categorization Based on Rough Set Theory
Meng Qingchun 1,2 Wang Hanping 1 Wei Tianbin 1 Ge Yan 1 Gao Yun 1
(1 Department of Computer Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China；
2 State Key Laboratory of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100003, China)
Abstract： With the increasing of text databases, it is urgent to find out a new method of text categorization. In this paper, a method of text categorization based on rough set theory is presented. RST is applied to rules' extraction of the text categorization. First, the weights of the key words are made discrete. Then, the decision table is made with the weights as the condition at tributes and the classes of texts as the decision attributes. Finally, the categorizing rules are extracted by reduction of attributes. It shows in the experiment that both the accuracy and the speed of categorization are high.
Key words: text categorization； rough set； decision table； reduction of attributes； rule extraction

一种基于网络的多服务器冰箱抽样测试系统
郭忠文张阿娜刘勇王元斌
（中国海洋大学计算机科学系，青岛 266003 ）
摘要：针对冰箱企业中存在多个抽样室的情况，本文提出了1种基于网络的多服务器抽样测试系统的设计方案，并给出了实现方法。该系统为企业类似测试系统的应用提供了1种方案。
关键词：分布式网络；冰箱测试；串行通信；通信控件（Mscomm）
中图法分类号： TP316.8 文章编号：1001-1862(2003)06-950-05

A Testing System of Refrigerator Sampling Based on MultiServer Networks
Guo Zhongwen Zhang A'na Liu Yong Wang Yuanbin
(Computer Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Based on the fact that there are several independe nt sampling rooms in the refrigerator enterprise，this paper puts forward the design and implementation of a testing system of refrigerator sampling based on multiserver networks.This system provides a scheme for the application of the te
sting system to other similar enterprises.
Key words： distributed networks； refrigerator testing； serial communication； MSComm

综述

大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分析
李静 1 王燕 1 高昕 1 赵仕兰 1 杨文清 2
(1 中国海洋大学,青岛 266003; 2 莱西市环保局,莱西 266600)
摘要：本文对国内外近年来关于大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的样品的采集、提取、分离及分析方法作了较为系统的介绍和比较，对各种方法的适用性作了评述。
关键词：大气气溶胶；多环芳烃；分析方法
中图法分类号： X132 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-955-06

Determination Methods of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Aerosol

Li Jing 1 Wang Yan 1 Gao Xin 1 Zhao Shilan 1 Yang Wenqing 2
(1 Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China;
　2 Environment Protection Administration of Laixi City, Laixi 266600, China)
Abstract： Based on the studies of recent years,a review of the determination methods of PAHs in atmospheric aerosol is presented,including sample collection，abstraction，separation, determination methods and comparisions of these methods.
Key words: atmospheric aerosol; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs); determination method

非晶态NiS合金在碱液中析氢反应(HER)机理的研究
杜敏高荣杰
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，青岛 266003)
摘要：本文研究了非晶态NiS合金的析氢反应机理。用稳态极化曲线研究非晶态NiS合金的极化行为，得到其反应的动力学参数塔菲尔斜率和表观反应活化能。用断电流法和循环伏安法研究氢原子的吸附和中间态粒子。考察电极表面粗糙度、
活性粒子表面吸附浓度等因素，综合分析得出NiS合金电极具有高催化活性的原因及其HER电催化机理。
关键词：析氢反应；非晶态NiS合金；电催化机理
中图法分类号： O653 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-961-08

The Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Amorphous NiS Alloy Coating
Du Min Gao Rongjie
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract: The development of cathode material which has low hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential and high durability is of importance to electrolysis industry and antifouling by electrolyzing seawater. The amorphous NiS alloy electrode was prepared by means of electrodeposition and it has high electrocatalytic activity for HER in a 5mol·L-1 NaOH solution at 353K and it is of excellent stability. The HER on NiS amorphous alloy during alkaline water electrolyzing was researched by steadystate polarization, measurement of opencircuit potential decay and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the HER mechanism at low current density is that the electrochemical desorption step is the controlling step, i.e. a fast Volmer reaction following a slow Heyrovsky reaction. But the mechanism at high current density is not clear yet.
Key words: hydrogen evolution reaction; amorphous NiS alloy; electrocatalytic mechanism

　

原油红外光谱鉴别中的小波分析法
-孙培艳 1，2 王修林 2 邹洁 1 高振会 1
(1国家海洋局北海监测中心，青岛 266033；2中国海洋大学化学化工学院，青岛 266003)
摘要：本文对渤海海上2个不同区块所产原油的红外光谱进行小波分析，分别获得不同尺度下的光谱信息。通过观察比较不同尺度下的光谱信息，包括谱图的大体形状(谱图的低频部分)和特征峰信息(谱图的高频部分)，更好地对2种原油进行了分
辨，为提高用红外光谱法进行海上溢油鉴别的准确度探索出1种新的方法。
关键词：小波分析；红外光谱；鉴别；原油
中图法分类号： TE991.502; O657.33; O604 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-969-06
InfraRed Spectroscopic Identification of Crude Oilby Wavelet Analysis
Sun Peiyan 1，2 Wang Xiulin 2 Zou Jie 1 Gao Zhenhui 1
(1 North China Sea Monitoring Center， State Oceanic Administration，Qingdao 266033， China；
2 College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract： The infrared spectra of crude oils from two areas in the Bohai Sea is decomposed by wavelet analysis. By comparing the chromatographs on different scales，including the general profiles (low frequency information) and characteristic peaks (high frequency information)，two kinds of crude oil are distinguished better than only based on their original infrared spectra. It provides a novel analysis method to improve the accuracy of infrared spectroscopy in spilled oil identification.
Key words: wavelet analysis; infrared spectroscopy; identification; crude oil

带有极大值项的一阶中立型差分方程解的
振动性和非振动性
武冬
(中国海洋大学数学系，青岛 266071)
摘要本文讨论了带有极大值项的一阶中立型差分方程Δ(x_n-p_nx_n-k)+q_n,max(x_s)=0, s∈［n-l,n］
解的振动性，得到了该方程所有解振动的1个新的充分性条件。特别当pn=1，得到了该方程有非振动解的充分必要条件。
关键词：中立型差分方程; 振动性; 极大值
中图法分类号： O175 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-975-08

Oscillation and Nonscillation of Neutral Differece Equations with “Maxima” Term
Wu Dong
(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,China)
Abstract: In this paper the oscillation of the first order neutral difference equations with “Maxima”term is studied. A sufficient condition for the oscillation of all solutions is established. A necessary and sufficient condition for the nonscillation of a kind of different equations with maxima term is also obtained.
Key words： oscillation; neutral difference equation； maxima
AMS Subject Classifications: 39A10

　

向量损失函数下2个尺度参数估计的线性容许性
赵建昕 1 张立振 2 于尚易 3
(1 海军潜艇学院，青岛 266071；2 中国海洋大学，青岛 266071；3 海军航空工程学院，青岛 266041)
摘要：在向量损失函数下，本文研究了含有尺度参数更一般线性模型中参数估计在线性估计类中的容许性，给出了估计可容许的充要条件。
关键词：向量损失函数；尺度参数；可容许性
中图法分类号： O212.4 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-983-06

The Linear Admissibility of Two Scale Paramters Estimator Under Vector Loss Function
Zhao Jianxin 1 Zhang Lizhen 2 Yu Shangyi 3
（1 Naval Submarine Academy， Qingdao 266071， Clina;
2 Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071， Clina;
3 Naval Aeronautical Engineering Academy， Qingdao 264001， China)
Abstract： In this paper，the necessary and sufficient conditions for the admissible estimator are obtained in the linear estimator class with two scale parameters under vector loss function。
Key words： vector loss function; scale parameters; admissibility
AMS Subject Classification: 62c15

波峰特征量的统计分布
张寒元于定勇
(中国海洋大学工程学院，青岛 266071)
摘要：本文在作者另文数值模拟得到的三维海浪基础上，进一步分析给出了三维波峰长度、高度及方向角度等特征量的统计分布。发现考虑海浪的方向性质后波峰分布不再是均匀连续的；波峰的长度分布受方向函数影响，方向分布越宽，波峰
的平均长度越短，波峰的方向角分布越宽；波峰高度和长度在波峰高度较小时有很大的相关性，而在波峰高度很大时无关。
关键词：随机海浪；波峰；方向函数；数值模拟
中图法分类号： P731.2 文章编号： 1001-1862(2003)06-989-09

Statistical Distribution of Wave Crest Characteristics
Zhang Hanyuan Yu Dingyong
(College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract: This paper analyzes the statistical distribution of wave crest characteristics such as crest length, crest height, and directional angles based on numerical simulation of 3D random waves. The results show that the distribution of wave crests is no longer uniform and continuous when wave directional information is considered. The distribution of crest lengths is greatly influenced by the directional function. The wider range of the directional distribution of wave energy is, the shorter the mean crest lengths and the wider the range of the distribution of crest directional angles are. The crest height and
crest length show a high correlation while the crest heights are low and they become independent at great crest heights.
Key words: random wave; wave crest; directional function; numerical simulation

　