综述

综述
海水中溶解有机氮的分析

王江涛，赵春霞
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：分析总结海水中溶解有机氮(DON)的测定方法，包括Kjeldahl消解法、碱性过硫酸钾氧化法(PO)、紫外法(UV)、微波消解法(MWD)、高温燃烧法(HTO)。分别介绍了各种测定方法的原理及其发展，比较了不同方法的氧化效率和优缺点，并指出海水中溶解有机氮的测定意义。
关键词: 溶解有机氮；过硫酸钾氧化法；紫外消解法；高温燃烧法；微波消解法
中图法分类号： O627 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-1-05

The analysis of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in sea water
WANG Jiangtao, ZHAO Chunxia
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: Methods of determining dissolved organic nitrogen in sea water included Kjeldahl method， alkaline phosphoric oxidation method， ultraviolet oxidation method，microwave digestion method and high temperature oxidation method. The principles and developments of each method were introduced. The oxidation efficiency of each method were compared. The determination of DON was also significant for biogeochemistry of nitrogen in sea water.
Key words: dissolved organic nitrogen； alkaline phosphoric oxidation； ultravio let oxidation； high temperature oxidation； microwave digestion

石油烃污染现场围隔生态系中浮游植物对营养盐的吸收利用
石晓勇，王修林，祝陈坚
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：利用1998年5月26日～6月1日首次在长江口邻近海域(绿华山花鸟山海域，30°50 .50′N，122°36.70′E)进行的中尺度现场围隔生态实验，通过现场加入可溶性石油烃污染物的方式，进行了石油烃污染影响下海洋浮游植物对营养盐的吸收利用的初步研究。结果表明：浓度约1 800μg/dm3的石油烃整体上对浮游植物的生长有一定程度的抑制，特别是对甲藻的抑制作用较强，但对硅藻的生长可能存在有一定的促进作用。其中石油烃对浮游植物吸收和释放PO4P的抑制作用显著高于对NO3N的抑制，而对浮游植物吸收Si的速率则有所促进。OCM98和OEM98围隔中浮游植物对PO4P和NO3N吸收
和释放速率的差异，表明长江口邻近海域PO4P是比NO3N更重要的营养盐限制因子。
关键词：石油烃；营养盐；围隔；长江口；东中国海
中图法分类号： P734.4+4 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-6-05

Nutrients Adsorption by Phytoplankton in a Petroleum Hydrocarbon Enhanced Mesocosm
SHI Xiaoyong, WANG Xiulin, ZHU Chenjian
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： A middle scaled mesocosm enhanced with petroleum hydrocarbon was carried out for the first time in the Changjiang estuary adjacent sea area(30°50.50 ′N,122°36.70′E, LuhuashanHuaniaoshan area), East China Sea, from May 26th to Jun 1st, 1998. And preliminary study of nutrients adsorption by phytoplankton associated with petroleum hydrocarbon was made in the experiment. The result indicates that, generally, petroleum hydrocarbon with about 1 800μg/dm 3 can inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, especially for dinoflagellate, but may promote the growth of diatom. It shows that the influence of petroleum hydro
carbon to the PO4P uptake and release rate by phytoplankton was more significant than those of NO3N. Moreover, petroleum hydrocarbons can enhance the uptake of silicate by phytoplankton to some extent. Furthermore, both uptake and release constants of PO4P by phytoplankton in the control mesocosm are higher
than those of NO3N, and the influence of petroleum hydrocarbon to the uptake and release rate of PO4P by phytoplankton is higher than those of NO3N , imply that PO4P is a more important nutrient limiting factor than NO3N for the growth of phytoplankton in the East China Sea, in spring 1998.
Key words: petroleum hydrocarbon; nutrient; mesocosm; Changjiang estuary; East C hina Sea

计时电流法测定海水介质中的一氧化氮

邢磊，张正斌，林彩，刘春颖，吴真真

(中国海洋大学化学化工学院海洋化学研究所，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：应用计时电流法和美国World precision Instruments公司生产的ISONOPMC NO微传感器系统地研究了天然海水等6种介质中NO的分析测定。结果表明，ISONOPMC传感器对于海水中10-9～10-6mol/L的NO，其响应电流与NO浓度有良好线性关系，检出限为4.2×10-10mol/L(S/N=2)。

关键词：计时电流法； ISONOPMC微传感器；一氧化氮；海水
中图法分类号： O657.12+ 文献识别码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-011-05

Amperometric Detection Of Nitric Oxide in the Medium of Seawater

XING Lei, ZHANG Zhengbin, LIN Cai, LIU Chunying, WU Zhenzhen
(Institute of Marine Chemistral, Chemistry and Chemicd Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： In this paper, amperometric detection of nitric oxide with ISONOPMC NO microsensors (WPI) is systemically studied in the six mediums including sea water for the first time. The results indicated the linear range of the microsensor was from the NO concentration 10-6mol/L to 10-9mol/L and the d
etection limit was 4.2×10-10mol/L(S/N=2).
Key words： amperometric detection； ISONOPMC NO microsensors； nitric oxide；seawter

综述
一氧化氮的海洋生物地球化学

刘春颖，张正斌，邢磊，林彩，吴真真
(中国海洋大学海洋化学研究所，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：介绍了NO海洋生物地球化学的研究现状，包括海水和浮游植物的NO来源和NO对浮游植物生长影响的研究概况，并对今后NO的研究提出了若干想法。
关键词：一氧化氮；海洋；生物地球化学
中图法分类号： P734.4+5 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-16-07

The Ocean Biogeochemistry of Nitric Oxide
LIU Chunying， ZHANG Zhengbin， XING Lei， LIN Cai， WU Zhenzhen
(Institute of Marine Chemistry， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract： In this paper, the research of ocean biogeochemistry of nitric oxide is introduced， including the NO production of ocean and phytoplankton， and the elationship between the nitric oxide and the phytoplankton. Some ideas about the nitric oxide research in the future are advanced.
Key words: nitric oxide； ocean； biogeochemistry

渤海海上原油气相色谱指纹鉴别

孙培艳1,2，包木太2，高振会1，谢利1，王鑫平1，侯春强1，王修林2

(1. 国家海洋局北海监测中心，山东青岛 266033； 2. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：对渤海海上3个不同油田的5个平台所产原油进行了气相色谱分析，采用不同方法对其特征信息进行了比较，包括偶数碳正构烷烃分布范围、相对峰高、相对峰面积，姥鲛烷和植烷的相对峰高和相对峰面积，用相关系数法对其特征信息进行了匹配鉴别，并用K均值分类法进行分类。结果显示：尽管同是渤海海上原油，由于渤海本身地质状况的复杂，不同区块的原油也不尽相同，即使同一区块，距离较近的平台所产原油也有差异，但差异较小，采用气相色谱油指纹鉴别法可以在一定程度上将其进行区分，但为了更好地区分鉴别同一区块距离较近的原油，需要采用更多的油指纹分析手段。
关键词：原油；气相色谱；指纹；鉴别
中图法分类号： O65 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-023-04

Identification of Crude Oil in Bohai Sea by Gas Chromatogram Fingerprint

SUN Peiyan1，2, BAO Mutai2, GAO Zhenhui1, XIE Li1, WANG Xinping1, HOU Chunqiang1, WANG Xiulin2

(1. North China Sea Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： 5 crude oil samples coming from 5 different platforms in 3 differentoil fields are analyzed by Gas Chromatogram. By using the difference methods, we compare the characteristic information which include the distribution range, relative peak height, relative peak area of evencarbon straightchain paraffin, the relative peak height and area of pristine and phytane. The characteristic information is distinguished by correlation coefficient method, and classify by K mean value method.The preliminary results show that the distinction is exist of 5 crude oil samples from 5 different platforms in 3 different oil fields in Bo
hai Sea, but the distinction is diminutive. It can be identified by Gas Chromatogram. Several methods can be used in order to identify the crude oil samples of similar characteristics.
Key words： crude oil; gas chromatogram; fingerprint; identification

一株海洋假单胞菌产生物絮凝剂的研究
周爱华，梁生康，单宝田，陆金仁，王修林

(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：从青岛近岸虾池底泥中分离到1株名为S101的絮凝剂产生菌，经鉴定属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)。研究了该菌株所产絮凝剂的理化性质和絮凝特性，并初步探讨了其絮凝机理。结果表明，该菌株所产絮凝剂为1种大分子糖蛋白类化合物，总糖含量为88.73%，蛋白质含量为7.56%，分子量在(1.0～3.0)×106之间；对高岭土悬液，当絮凝剂用量为1～10mg/L，温度为10～70℃，pH为5～11时均可保持较高的絮凝活性；另外，该絮凝剂对生活污水、造纸厂废水、油田废水、黄河泥浆水、碳素墨水、藻细胞悬液都具有良好的絮凝效果；其主要絮凝机理为架桥吸附和卷扫作用。
关键词：假单胞菌；生物絮凝剂；絮凝活性；糖蛋白
中图法分类号： Q93 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-027-05

Study on a Bioflocculant Produced by a Marine Pseudomonas sp.

ZHOU Aihua, LIANG Shengkang, SHAN Baotian, Lu Jinren, WANG Xiulin

( College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： A bacterial strain, S101, capable of producing bioflocculant was screened from the sediment of a shrimp pond on Qingdao seashore. It was identified as Pseudomonas sp.. Some chemical characteristics and flocculating properties of the bioflocculant were studied. Moreover, its flocculating mechanism was also discussed preliminarily. The results showed that the bioflocculant was a kind of glycoprotein with high molecule. Total sugar content was 88.73% and protein content was 7.56%. The molecular weight was estimated to be (1.0～3.0)×106. It was found to be effective for flocculation of a kaolin suspension, when it was added at a final concentration of 1～10mg/L, over a wide range of pH(5～11) and temperatures (approximately 10～70℃).In addition, it could flocculate a variety of inorganic and organic suspended particles efficiently , including domestic wastewater, oilfield wastewater, Huanghe slurry water, ink and alga cell suspension. The main flocculanting mechanism was absorbing ,bridging and sweeping.
Key words： Pseudomonas sp.; bioflocculant; flocculating activity; glycoprotein

温度和光照对几种赤潮藻生长的影响
于萍，张前前，陈坤，王修林，祝陈坚，韩秀荣
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：利用多因子实验设计，研究了主要环境因子温度、光照对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo Hada)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)和纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)生长的影响。经ANOVA统计分析(Tukey test)表明，在实验范围(温度15，20，25，30℃和光照强度30，80，140μmol·s-1·m-2)内，光照强度对这4种藻的生长均有极显著影响(P<0.01),温度对塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻有极显著影响(P<0.01)，对旋链角毛藻和纤细角毛藻有显著影响(0.01<P<0. 05)。在实验条件下，4种藻的最适宜光照均为140μmol·s-1·m-2。塔玛亚历山大藻的最适生长温度为25℃，生长率为0.41d-1；赤潮异弯藻的最适生长温度为20℃，生长率为0.33d-1；旋链角毛藻和纤细角毛藻的最适生长温度均为25℃，生长率分别为0.84d-1，0.70d-1。
关键词：温度；光照；生长；赤潮
中图法分类号： X55 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-032-05

Effects of Temporature and Irradiance on Growth of Several Kinds of Red Tide Algae

YU Ping, ZHANG Qianqian, CHEN Kun, WANG Xiulin, ZHU Chenjian, HAN Xiurong
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： Twofactor experiment design was used to study the effects of temperature and irrdiance on the growth of Alexandriun tamarense、Heterosigma akashiwo Hada、Chaetoceros curvisetus and Chaetoceros debilis.The results show that the growth of the four algae is significantly different among temperatures (15,20,25,30℃) and irradiances (30,80,140μmol·s-1·m -2). Temperature plays the most important role in the growth of Alexandriun tamarense and Heterosigma akashiwo Hada. In this experiment, the optimal
irradiance for all the se four algae is 140μmol/(s·m2). The optimal temperature for Alexandriun tamarense is 25℃, and the growth rate is 0.41d-1 during the exponential growth phase. The optimal temperature for the other three algae during the exponential growth is 20℃, and the growth rate is 0.33d-
1, while the optimal temperture of both Chaetoceros curvisetus and Chaetoceros debilis are 25℃, and the growth rates are 0.84d-1, 0.70d-1 respectively.
Key words： temperature； irradiance； growth； red tide

采油微生物代谢产物中有机酸的分析

张前前1，陆金仁1，王修林1，祝陈坚1，汪卫东2

(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院，山东东营 257000)

摘要：分析微生物与原油作用后产生有机酸的组成和含量是微生物采油技术研究的重要部分。本文用GC和GC/MS 分析方法对采油微生物代谢产物中的有机酸进行了分析，经质谱谱库NIST98鉴定了26种非短链有机酸化合物，并对采油院2种菌液及其细胞破碎液中的有机酸进行了分析比较。结果表明微生物代谢产物中有机酸的总量为几十～几百mg/L，以短链有机酸为主；细胞外代谢产物中的有机酸多于细胞内。
关键词：采油微生物；代谢产物；有机酸；气相色谱；气相色谱质谱
中图法分类号： Q939.42; Q936 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-037-04

Analysis of Metabo1ites of Organic Acids from Microorganisms

ZHANG Qianqian1, LU Jinren1, WANG Xiulin1, ZHU Chenjian 1, WANG Weidong2

(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean
University of China, Qingdao 266003， China；2. Research Institute of Oil Production Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000， China)

Abstract: It is an important part of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) to analyze the compositions and concentrations of organic acids caused by microorganisms dealing with oils. Gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry are applied to measure the organic acids in metabo1ites of microorganisms for microbial enhanced oil recovery. Two strains of bacteria and their cells' contents are analyzed and 26 organic acids are characterized by using the mass spectra database of NIST98. The results show that the total quantity of organic acids is between several ten and several hundred milligrams per liter, the majority of which is short chain saturated carboxylic acids. It also indicates that the compounds and amount obtained outside bacteria cells are more than that inside bacteria cells.
Key words: microorganisms for MEOR； metabo1ites； organic acids； gas chromatography；gas chromatographymass spectrometry

奥运帆船赛场及周边海域富营养化及污染状况初步研究
陈莉莉，石晓勇，王修林，祝陈坚，陆茸
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要： 2003年8月14日通过对奥运帆船赛场及周边海域进行现场调查，对该海域的溶解无机态营养盐含量、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解氧（DO)、pH值以及石油烃含量进行了分析，并在此基础上对该海域的富营养化程度及污染状况进行了初步探讨。通过对富营养化指数及有机污染指数的分析，表明奥运帆船赛场及周边海域大部分区域已经开始呈现轻微富营养化状态，富营养化及有机污染状况主要受陆源排放等因素的影响，近岸海区特别是浮山湾至麦岛沿岸区域污染较严重，该区域是奥运帆船比赛的必经区域，需要进一步加强保护与治理。
关键词：奥运帆船赛场; 营养盐; 富营养化; 污染
中图法分类号： X17 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1672-5174(2004)05Ⅱ-041-06

Preliminary Study of Eutrophication and Pollution Status of the 2008 Olympics BoatSailing Field and Adjacent Area

CHEN Lili, SHI Xiaoyong, WANG Xiulin, ZHU Chenjian, LU Rong

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: The 2008 Olympics boatsailing field and adjacent area are investigated and analyzed,including dissolved inorganic nutrient, dissolved oxygen, pH, chemical oxygen demand and petroleum hydrocarbons. At the b
ase of it, preliminary research on the eutrophication and pollution status in this sea area is carried out. The distribution of EI and A unfolded that most of the survey area are in a status of slightly eutrophication, and the eutrophication and organic pollution status are mostly influenced by the land runoff and related factors. It shows that more strict protection and treatment should be donein order to improve the environmental quality of the Olympic boatsailing field and adjacent area.
Key words： Olympic boatsailing field; nutrients; eutrophication; pollution

综述
海水中藻类同海水界面相互作用的几个理论

吴真真，宫海东，张正斌
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院海洋化学研究所，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：结合近年来国内外的研究成果，本文对海水中元素同藻类界面上的相互作用进行了
综述。介绍了细胞吸收海水中营养元素的扩散反应过程，细胞膜吸收的动力学方程以及离子
通道、水通道理论等，展望了藻类吸收溶质和水分子的最新研究进展。
关键词：界面；吸收；离子通道；水通道；藻类
中图法分类号： P734.3+5 文献标识码： A 文章编号：
16725174(2004)05Ⅱ04706

Several Theories of Interface Interactions Between Elements and Algae in Seawater
WU Zhenzhen, GONG Haidong, ZHANG Zhengbin
(Institute of Marine Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: In this paper, several theories of interface interactions between elements and algae in seawater are reviewed. The up to date researches about algae how to absorb the solutes in seawater and water molecules are mostly introduced, including the diffusionreaction processes about nutrient transport through cell membrane, kinetics equations, ion channel and water channel.
Key words: interface; absorption; ion channel; water channel; algae

长江口邻近海域冬季溶解氧、pH分布特征及主要影响过程初步研究

陆茸，石晓勇，王修林，张传松
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：根据20030308～20030320航次调查数据,初步分析了冬季长江口邻近海域溶解氧及pH分布特征及主要影响因素。结果显示：调查海域冬季溶解氧含量范围在6.62～10.52mg/L之间，平均为(8.80±0.89)mg/L，平面分布呈近岸高，外海低，由北向南递增趋势，垂直方向呈由表至底逐渐降低的趋势；pH分布在8.12～8.39范围内，平均值为8.29±0.06，平面呈近岸低，外海高，由北向南递增趋势分布，垂直分布均匀。该海域冬季溶解氧及pH主要受物理过程控制，生物活动对其影响并不明显。
关键词：溶解氧； pH；分布；长江口；冬季
中图法分类号： P734.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ05306

A Study on Distributions and Main Regulating Process of Dissolved Oxygen and pH in the Adjacent Area of the Changjiang Estuary in Winter

LU Rong， SHI Xiaoyong， WANG Xiulin， ZHANG Chuansong

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： A winter cruise was carried out from Mar. 8th to 20th 2003 in the East China Sea, covering from 29.0°N to 32.0°N and 122.0°E to 124.0°E, in the purpose of a primary study on the spatial distributions and the regulating factors of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in the adjacent areas of Changjiang Estuary . The Horizontal distribution of DO was in a decreasing trend from coastal waters to the open sea, and an increasing trend from north to the south, while the vertical distribution was in a decreasing trend from surface to bottom. The insitu data showed that the DO concentration varied from 6.62 to 10.52mg/L, and a media value was (8.80±0.89)mg/L. However, the distribution of pH value showed an opposite pattern by a low value offshore and a comparatively high value in the open sea. Accompanied with the trivial vertical variation, a north to south increasing of pH was observed. The DO and pH in the study area in winter were dominated by physical processes, rather than the biodisturbance, which was considered to be neglectable.
Key words: dissolved oxygen; pH; distribution; Changjiang estuary; winter

综述

海洋浮游植物吸收光谱分析中的化学计量学应用研究进展

王磊1，张前前2，王修林2，类淑河3，祝陈坚2
(中国海洋大学，1. 环境科学与工程学院； 2. 化学化工学院； 3. 数学系，山东青岛 26
6003)

摘要：简要介绍了利用海洋浮游植物吸收光谱进行种类和数量分析的国内外研究进展，着重介绍了用于浮游植物体外光谱(in vitro)分析的经典化学计量学方法，如逐步判别分析、主成分分析、偏最小二乘等。
关键词：吸收光谱；海洋浮游植物；化学计量学
中图法分类号： X13； Q949.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ05905

A Review of the Advances of Chemometrics and Its Applications in the Absorption Spectra Analysis of Marine Phytoplanktons

WANG Lei1, ZHANG Qianqian2, WANG Xiulin2, LEI Shuhe3, ZHU Chenjian2

(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; 3. Mathematics Department, Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract： This paper puts forward a brief review of the advances in the species discrimination and enumeration with the use of the adsorption spectra of marine phytoplanktons. Great emphases are laid on a detailed description of the classical chemometrics, such as stepwise discriminant analysis, principle component analysis and partial least square, which have been successfully used in the statistical analysis of the invitro spectra results of marine phytoplankton.
Key words： absorption spectra； marine phytoplanktons； chemometrics

异噻唑啉酮类衍生物抑菌性能的研究

于良民1，田斌1，刘和芳1，池振明2，李海峰2

(中国海洋大学1. 化学化工学院；2. 海洋生命学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：参照美国Rohm&Haas公司开发生产的Seanine211中的活性成分4,5二氯2正辛基4异噻唑啉3酮，对3种新合成异噻唑啉酮衍生物进行了抑菌活性测定。结果表明，3种新合成的异噻唑啉酮衍生物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、酒精酵母3种试验菌均具有良好的抑制效果。
关键词：异噻唑啉酮；抑菌圈；最小抑菌浓度

中图法分类号： R915 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ06403

Study on Bacteriostatic Activity of Isothiazolone Derivaties

YU Liangmin1， TIAN Bin1， LIU Hefang1， CHI Zhen ming2 ， LI Haifeng2

(Ocean University of China, 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering；2. College of Marine Life Sciences，Qingdao 266003，China)

Abstract： In this paper the bacteriostatic activities of three kinds of new derivatives of isothiazolone were investigated，with reference to Seanine 211 produced by Rohm&Haas company in the U.S.A.The results showed that the derivatives had good antibacterial activities and could inhibit some bacteria，such asStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Key words: isothiazolone； zone of inhibition； MIC (minimal Inhibitory Concentration)

布洛芬羟丙基壳聚糖微丸的制备及其释放动力学研究
张启凤1，陈国华1，孙明昆1，陆小兰1，高从 2
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266003；2. 国家海洋局杭州水处理技术研究开发中心, 浙江杭州 310012)
摘要：以壳聚糖为主要原料，合成了具有良好水溶性的羟丙基壳聚糖。以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，羟丙基壳聚糖为载体，将布洛芬做成缓释控释药物微丸，讨论了包埋条件对微丸性能的影响以及药物在人工胃液和人工肠液中的释放行为。结果表明：(1) 合理控制交联剂用量和药物投入量，能够得到药物包封率和释放性能良好的药物微丸；(2) 布洛芬药物微丸在人
工胃液中的释放量小，释放10h后累积释放率仅为23.6％，在人工肠液中的释放量大，释放10h后累积释放率高达89.2％；(3) 该微丸在酸碱性介质中的释放过程均符合近零级动力学。
关键词：布洛芬；羟丙基壳聚糖；微丸；释放行为

中图法分类号： P734 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ06706

Preparation and Drug sustainedRelease Behavior of IbuprofenHydroxypropyl Chitosan Micropellet

ZHANG Qifeng1, CHEN Guohua1 , SUN Mingkun1, LU Xiaolan1, Gao Congjie2

(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China；2. Development center of Water Treatment Technology,SOA,Hangzhou 310012,China)

Abstract： Water soluble hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) was synthesized with chitosan as its raw material. The sustainedrelease drug micropellet of Ibuprofen was prepared by applying hydrogel of epichlorohydrin crosslinked HPCS as the drug carriers. The preparation process was optimized and the patterns of drug relea
se were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) The drug micropellet with reasonable drug entrapment ratio and release velocity would be obtained if the amountof crosslinking agent and drugs was controlled successfully; (2) The Ibuprofen micropellet had a suitable release rate in artificial intestinal juice but it was a very low release rate in artificial succus gastrius because it had a low solubility in acid medium. The cumulative release percentage after 10h was 89.2% and 23.6%, respectively; (3) The release patterns in the two mediums fit the zero order kinetics.
Key words: Ibuprofen; hydroxypropyl chitosan; micropellet; sustainedrelease behavior

相转移催化合成三苯基羟基锡的研究

陈宗科1，徐焕志2，王利2，于良民2
(1. 青岛帝科精细化学有限公司,山东青岛 266101; 2. 中国海洋
大学化学系，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：以三苯基氯化锡、氢氧化钠为原料，在相转移催化剂催化下合成了三苯基羟基锡，并用IR、1HNMR对合成产物的结构进行了确认，对影响反应产率的反应条件进行了研究。

关键词：相转移催化；三苯基羟基锡；合成
中图法分类号：O627.42 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ07304

A Study of Synthesis of Hydroxyltriphenylstannane with Phase Transfer Catalyst

CHEN Zongke1, XU HuanZhi2, WANG Li2, YU LiangMin2
(1. Qingdao DIC Fine Chemicals Co. ztd, Qingdao 266101, China; 2. College of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： A new process was developed to synthesize hydroxyltriphenylstannane from Ph3SnCl and NaOH by catalysis of phase transfer catalyst, and the reaction conditions on the yield of the product were studied. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR and 1HNMR.
Key words: phase transfer catalyst； hydroxyltriphenylstannane； synthesis

　

BMPCA结构类似物的合成与表征
徐焕志，田斌，刘和芳，于良民，彭启强
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要: 以2甲基苯胺、卤代乙酰卤、溴素等为原料，合成了3个新的BMPCA结构类似物：N(4溴2甲基苯基)2,2,2三氯乙酰胺、N(4溴2甲基苯基)2溴乙酰胺、N(4,6二溴2甲基苯基)2氯乙酰胺；并通过元素分析、IR和1HNMR波谱对其结构进行了表征。上述化合物可望在杀菌方面具有良好的应用前景。
关键词： N(4溴2甲基苯基)2,2,2三氯乙酰胺； N(4溴2甲基苯基)2 溴乙酰胺； N(4,6二溴2甲基苯基)2氯乙酰胺；合成
中图法分类号： O621.3 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ07703

Synthesis of BMPCA Derivatives
XU Huanzhi, TIAN Bin, LIU Hefang, YU Liangmin, PENG Qiqiang

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract： Three new derivatives of BMPCA were synthesized by the amidation reaction of halosubstituted acetic halides with substituted otolylamines. The structure of the products was confirmed by element analysis, IR and 1HNMR. And the products are expected to be fungicides.
Key words: N(4bromo2methylphenyl) 2,2,2trichloroacetamide; N(4bromo2methylphenyl) 2bromoacetamide; N(2,4dibromo2methylphenyl) 2chloroacetamide; synthesis

水热法合成纳米氧化铁的研究
李艳玲，李先国，冯丽娟，单红
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：以三氯化铁和氢氧化钠为原料，水热法合成了纳米级的氧化铁。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析(FT
IR)等测试手段对产物物相、形貌等进行了表征。研究结果表明，通过控制反应条件，低温水热合成可以制得球形、椭球形、纺锤形和十字交叉形的纳米氧化铁，并详细讨论了制备条件对产物物相、形貌的影响。
关键词：水热合成；纳米氧化铁；晶形控制；制备；表征
中图法分类号： O611.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ08005

Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Synthesis
LI Yanling, LI Xianguo, FENG Lijuan, SHAN Hong
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared from ferric chloride aqueous solution and sodium hydroxide (or ammonia) by hydrothermal sy
nthesis in autoclave. Chemical analysis, Xray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed t
oanalyze the purity, phase composition, particle size and morphology of Iron oxides. The spherical, elliptic, spindle and decussate particles were produced by c
ontrolling the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of the initial pH value, the initial concentration of FeCl3, the kind and dosage of additive,
and of the reaction time were investigated.
Key words: hydrothermal synthesis； iron oxide nanoparticle； morphology controlling; preparation; characterization

综述
富勒烯及其衍生物的理论研究进展

夏树伟，蔺智泉，高林娜，徐香，孙雅丽
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：全面评述了近十几年来有关富勒烯理论研究的进展，尤其对［60］、［70］富勒烯及其衍生物的分子结构，稳定性，电子性质，谱学性质等的理论研究历程，进行了回顾。
关键词：富勒烯；理论计算；分子结构；电子性质；光谱性质
中图法分类号： O641.12+1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ 08506

Advances in Theoretical Studies on the Fullerenes and Derivatives
XIA Shuwei， LIN Zhiquan， GAO Linna， XU xiang， SUN Yali
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: In this paper the progresses of the theoretical study on the fullerene and derivatives in the recent decade are introduced. Especially, the theoretical calculations on the molecular structures, stabilities, electronic properties and spectral properties, are surveyed.
Key words: fullerene； theoretical calculations； molecular structures； electronic properties； spectral properties

ZnS∶Cu 纳米水溶胶的浓度猝灭研究
曹立新, 林映霞
(中国海洋大学材料科学与工程研究院, 山东青岛 266003)

摘要：制备了ZnS∶Cu纳米水溶胶并研究了浓度对其发光性质的影响。研究发现水溶胶的发光是由ZnS的自激活发光和Cu2+离子中心的发光复合而
成， ZnS基质吸收能量，再把能量传递给发光中心。在Cu∶Zn比1∶200时，在同一微粒内激发和未激发的发光中心间的交叉驰豫很小；纳米水溶胶的浓度<3×10-4mol/L时，水溶胶浓度与发光强度呈线性关系，粒子之间基本不存在交叉驰豫。
关键词： ZnS∶Cu纳米水溶胶；浓度；发光
中图法分类号： O484 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ09104

Effect of Concentration on the Luminescence of ZnS∶Cu Colloid
CAO Lixin, LIN Yingxia
(School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract: ZnS∶Cu colloid was prepared and the effect of concentration on the luminescence was studied. The study showed that the luminescence was composed of the selfactivated emission of ZnS and the emission from the Cu2+center. When the concentration of the ZnS colloid was a constant and the ratio of Cu∶Zn was less than 1∶200, the luminescence intensity increased with the ratio of Cu∶Zn increasing; When the ratio of Cu∶Zn was a constant and the concentration of the ZnS colloid was less than 3×10-4mol/L, the luminescence intensity increased with the ZnS colloid concentration increasing.
Key words:\ ZnS∶Cu colloid; concentration; luminescence

低吸水率、低热膨胀系数非卷曲聚酰亚胺覆铜板材料的制备

胡应模
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：选用普通化学试剂在常温常压下，合成得到可溶性聚酰胺酸溶液，然后涂膜，经过低温预干燥和高温亚胺化过程，制得聚酰亚胺薄膜材料。
为了得到低吸水率、低热膨胀系数非卷曲聚酰亚胺覆铜板材料，选用刚性单体对苯二胺、均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)和4，4'氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)为主要原料，通过调节PMDA/ODPA的配比，制得具有和铜箔相当的热膨胀系数，且具有低吸水性的非卷曲性的聚酰亚胺覆铜板材料。
关键词：聚酰亚胺；覆铜板材料；低吸水率；低热膨胀系数；非卷曲性
中图法分类号： O632.63 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ09504

The Preparation of Low WaterAbsorption and Low Coefficient of ThermalExpansion and CurlFree Polyimide/Copper Laminate

HU Yingmo
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract:\ The soluble polyamide acid resin is synthesized by using usual chemical raw materials at normal temperature and atmosphere, and cast on
a 18μmthick electrolytical copper foil to obtain a cured film by the processes of low temperature firstdry and hightemperature imidization.
In order to get low waterabsorption、low coefficient thermal expansion and curlfree polyimide/copper laminate, the rigit monomer, e.g. 1,4phenylene diam
ine (PDA),pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4, 4'oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), are used to prepare low waterabsorption and curlfree polyimide/co
pper laminate that has low coefficient thermal expansion corresponding to copper foil by means of adjustment of PMDA/ODPA ratios.
Key words: polyimide； copper laminate； low waterabsorption; low coefficient thermal expansion; curlfree

反相功能化硅胶的制备与表征
周晓, 李先国, 冯丽娟, 沙春洁，田毅峰，王振永
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：以吡啶为催化剂，采用正十八烷基三氯硅烷与硅胶基质直接反应，三甲基氯硅烷封端处理，制备反相十八烷基功能化硅胶。考察了硅胶的预处理
方式、催化剂种类、反应时间、反应温度、反应试剂种类和用量等对产物的影响，得出最佳反应条件。其中反应时间和十八烷基三氯硅烷用量是影响反应的关键因子，其他条件的优化可以有效促进反应的进行。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱和差热热重对产物的结构和有机物含量进行了分析。
关键词：氯硅烷；功能化硅胶；制备；表征
中图法分类号： O641.13 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ09904

Preparation and Characterization of Reversed Phase Functionalized Silica Gel

ZHOU Xiao, LI Xianguo, FENG Lijuan, SHA Chunjie,TIAN Yifeng,WANG Zhenyong
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Reverse phase (RP) functionalized silica gel was prepared by a directreaction of silica gel and noctadecyltrichlorosilane. In the reaction pyridine
and trimethylchlorosilane served as a catalyst and a capping reagent, respectively. Effects of pretreatment method, catalyst, reaction time and temperature, etc. On the content of organic compound in functionalized silica gel were studied. It is showed that the reaction time and the amount of C18H37SiCl3 were critical factors for the preparation. FTIR and TGDTA were used to characterize the structure and the organic content of the RP functionalized silica gel.
Key words: trichlorosilane； functionalized silica gel； preparation； characterization

室温固相法制备碳酸钡纳米晶
许国花，冯丽娟，李先国，范莹，徐佳
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：以Ba(NO3)2和Na2CO3为反应物，在室温下采用固相化学反应法制备了BaCO3纳米晶，用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对其物相、晶粒形貌和晶粒大小进行了表征。结果表明，用该方法可以制备平均粒径为100nm、形貌近似为球形的BaCO3纳米晶。同时，探讨了反应物配比、研磨时间及加样方式等因素对室温固相反应的影响。
关键词：室温固相反应；碳酸钡；纳米晶
中图法分类号： O611.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ10304

Preparation of NanoCrystal Barium Carbonate Via Solid State Reaction at Room Temperature
XU Guohua， FENG Lijuan， LI Xianguo， FAN Ying， XU Jia
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract： Nanocrystal barium carbonate was prepared via room temperature solidstate reaction. When a powder of Na2CO3 was mixed and grinded with a powder of Ba(NO3)2 at a given molar ratio, a mixture containing BaCO3 as well as soluble inorganic salts was got. The soluble inorganic saltswere removed by water washing. The pure BaCO3 was got when it was dried. The characterization results of XRD and TEM showed that the BaCO3 was nanocrystals with about 100nm. The mechanism of the solidstate reaction was discussed.
Key words： room temperature solidstate reaction； barium carbonate； nanocrystal

海洋防污涂料中树脂的研究进展
张霞，于良民，隋晶，刘和芳，田斌
（中国海洋大学青岛市海洋精细化工重点实验室，山东青岛 266003）
摘要：就海洋防污涂料中重要组份之一——树脂的发展历史、现状及发展趋势等几个方面进行了综述。介绍了各个阶段具有代表性树脂的性能
及其作用机理；同时，较为详细地介绍了目前各国致力于开发的符合海洋事业发展及世界环保要求的新型树脂，并且指出海洋防污涂料中树脂的主要发展方向。
关键词：自抛光；防污涂料；树脂
中图法分类号： TQ322.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ10704

Progress of Resin in Marine Antifouling Paints
ZHANG Xia， YU Liangmin， SUI Jing， LIU Hefang， TIAN Bin
(Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fine Chemicals & Chemical Engineering，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract： This paper gives a brief introduction of the resin's history, present and future， and analyzes the performance and mechanism of representative resins in every stage. This paper also reviews the recent progress in environmentfriendly antifouling paints in detail，and the trend of antifouling coating is also discussed.
Key words： selfpolishing； antifouling paints； resin

环氧基硅烷化硅胶键合相的制备与表征

沙春洁，冯丽娟，李先国，周晓，王振永，田毅峰
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：以γ环氧丙基氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为中间偶联剂，将十八烷基脂肪酸键合至硅胶上，得到烷基酯型键合硅胶，并考察了硅胶预处理、反应途径、反应时间以及催化剂对键合反应的影响，并采用红外(FTIR)和差热热重分析(TGDTA)对产品进行了表征。
关键词： γ环氧丙基氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷；键合相硅胶；制备
中图法分类号： O641.13 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ11104

Preparation and Characterization of γGlycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilaneSilica Bonded Phase
SHA Chunjie， FENG Lijuan， LI Xianguo， ZHOU Xiao， WANG Zhenyong， TIAN Yifeng

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract： Octadecyl group was bonded onto silica gel with γGlycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as coupling agent. The influence of different pretreatment of silica gel, reaction approach, reaction time and catalyst on the bonding reaction was studied. Characterization of the bonded silica was carried out with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and differential thermal analysisthermal gravity analysis(TGDTA).
Key words： γGlycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; bonded silica; preparation

聚乙烯、聚丙烯聚合物熔融态热力学行为的研究

纪雷1, 邓安平2, 杜恒清1, 王岩1, 马燕2
(1. 青岛出入境检验检疫局，山东青岛 266002；2. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：使用差示扫描热分析技术（DSC）对聚乙烯、聚丙烯聚合物熔融状态下的热力学性质进行了研究。比较两类聚合物的熔融焓变谱图、总吸热谱图、动
态比热容谱图，可以明显看出聚乙烯、聚丙烯熔融过程中热力学性质的差异，对聚合物熔融热力学行为的深入研究及工业生产具有指导意义。
关键词：熔融热力学；差示扫描热分析（DSC）；热力学性质
中图法分类号： O642 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ11504

Characteristic Studies on Melting Thermodynamics of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Polymer Materials

JI Lei1, DENG Anping2, DU Hengqing1, WANG Yan1, MA Yan2
(1. China Entry/Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,
Qingdao Branch, Qingdao 266002, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： The characteristics of melting thermodynamics of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) materials were investigated by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Six kinds of PP specimen and ten kinds of polyethylene specimen were tested, and the discrepancy on melting thermodynamics between polyethylene and polypropylene materials was explored based on the profiles of DSC heat flow, total heat and dynamic heat capacity data. The results show that it is useful to further research on melting thermodynamics of polymer materials, and can provide a valuable datasheet to manufacture procedures.
Key words： melting thermodynamics; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); thermodynamic characteristic

氧化亚铜的制备及表征
于振花1，高荣杰2
(中国海洋大学1. 化学化工学院； 2. 材料科学与工程研究院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：以亚硫酸钠和硫酸铜为原料制备出了氧化亚铜，并对其进行了X射线衍射和差热热重分析。制得的样品在573K，氮气气氛保护下热处理1h
，得到纯净的氧化亚铜，其在静止的空气气氛中，715K开始发生氧化反应，相应的TG曲线上的氧化增重率为11.2%。
关键词：制备；氧化亚铜；表征
中图法分类号： TN304.21 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ

Preparation and Characterization of Cuprous Oxide
YU Zhenhua1， GAO Rongjie2*
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering； 2. Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： Cuprous oxide was prepared from sodium sulfite and cupric sulfate solution in this paper, and it was characterized by XRD and DTATG. Pure cuprous oxide was gained when cuprous oxide sample was heated at 573K in N2 for one hour. The pure cuprous oxide was oxidized at 715K in static air, and the weight was increased by 11.2% in TG curves correspondingly.
Key words: preparation; cuprous oxide; characterization

综述
氧化亚铜的制备及其在防污涂料中的应用
隋晶，于良民，张霞，张志明

(中国海洋大学青岛市海洋精细化工重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：综述了氧化亚铜的制备方法、防污机理、环境特性及其在防污涂料中的应用历史及现状，同时对氧化亚铜在防污涂料中的应用前景作了展望。
关键词：氧化亚铜；防污涂料；制备；应用
中图法分类号： O611.62 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ12205

Preparation of Cuprous Oxide and the Application in Antifouling Paint Field
SUI Jing， YU Liangmin， ZHANG Xia， ZHANG Zhiming
(Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fine Chemicals & Chemical Engineering, Qcean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： As an oldline antifoulant,cuprous oxide with lots of advantage is reviewed on the preparation,mechanism of antifouling, properties in enviroment and application in antifouling paints. Meanwhile, the future application of cuprous oxide in antifouling paints is reviewed in this paper.
Key words: cuprous oxide; antifouling paint; preparation; application

海洋中挥发性卤代烃的天然来源及其产生机理
陆小兰，杨桂朋，高先池
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：简要介绍了海洋中挥发性卤代烃的天然来源及其不同的产生机理，重点放在氯代烃、溴代烃和碘代烃。海洋大型藻类和浮游植物能产生并释
放挥发性卤代烃，是海洋中挥发性卤代烃的主要天然来源。3种代表性的机理是甲基化反应、卤素交换反应和卤过氧化酶催化活泼CH键的卤代反应。开展海洋挥发性卤代烃的研究有助于了解海洋对大气挥发性卤代烃和全球气候变暖的贡献。

关键词：挥发性卤代烃；海洋环境；浮游植物；机理

中图法分类号： P714+.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ12705

Natural Sources and Formation Mechanisms of Volatile Halocarbons in Marine Environment
LU Xiaolan， YANG Guipeng， GAO Xianchi

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract: Advances in study of natural sources and formation mechanisms of volatile halocarbons in the marine environment are reviewed briefly in this paper. The focus is put on volatile halocarbons carrying the halogens Cl, Br and I, respectively. Macroalgae and phytoplankton which are two major natural sources are able to produce these compounds and to release them into seawater. The mechanism of formation of these compounds is not quite clear now. Three kinds of representative formation mechanisms are methylation reaction, halogen exchange and halogenation of CHactivated bonds by haloperoxidases. The studies of volatile halocarbons in the marine environment are helpful to understand the contribution of the ocean to atmospheric volatile halocarbons and global warming.
Key words: volatile halocarbon; marine environment; phytoplankton; mechanism

大气颗粒物中金属元素干沉降通量的直接测定
冯丽娟，李先国，祁建华，陈兴茂，张曼平
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：用粘度与表层海水相近的亚沸水作代用面，直接收集干沉降样品，测定了2001年7月和2002年3月青岛大气颗粒物中的Al，Fe，Mn，Cu，Pb和Zn元素的干沉降通量，并与利用国际推荐值和改进的模型计算所得的干沉降通量进行了比较。研究结果表明：沙尘暴及浮尘天气对Al，Fe，Mn，Cu，Pb和Zn元素的干沉降通量均有较大影响，而且对地壳元素的影响要远大于对人为元素的；直接测定结果与国际推荐值计算出的干沉降通量存在较大差异，而与改进的模型预测值较为接近。初步分析了直接测定法误差的可能来源。
关键词： TSP；金属元素；干沉降通量；直接测定
中图法分类号： P734.2;X55 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ132～05

Direct Measurement of Dry Deposition Fluxes of Metals in At mospheric Aerosol

FENG Lijuan, LI Xianguo, QI Jianhua, CHEN Xingmao， ZHANG Man ping
(College of chemistry and chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： In this paper, dry deposition fluxes of metals in atmospheric aerosol were directly measured by using subboiling water surrogate surface in humid (July 2001) and floating dust (March 2002) weather condition. In the floatingdust weather condition the fluxes of Al, Fe, Mn ,Cu, Pb and Zn were higher than those in humid condition, and the fluxes of Al and Fe were much higher than those of Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn in both conditions. It was shown that floatingdust condition had much more impacts on dry deposition flues of crustalelements than those of anthropogenic elements. The fluxes of six elements obtained by direct measurement were also compared with those evaluated using the dry deposition velocities recommended by GESAMP and those calculated by improved deposition models.
Key words: TSP； metal； dry deposition flux; direct measurement

综述
有机污染物在土壤(沉积物)上吸附行为的研究进展
赵玉慧，杨桂朋，景伟文
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：综述了有机污染物在土壤(沉积物)上吸附行为研究的进展，简要阐述了吸附机理，讨论了吸附剂的理化性质、污染物的结构和性质、温度及pH值等因
素对吸附行为的影响，介绍了吸附数学模型的发展以及吸附行为的研究方法，最后指出了当今土壤(沉积物)吸附有机污染物研究的重点及方向。
关键词：吸附; 有机污染物; 沉积物; 土壤
中图法分类号： X55 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672 5174(2004)05Ⅱ13706

Progress of Sorption Behaviors of Organic Contaminants onto Soils (Sediments) Review
ZHAO Yuhui， YANG Guipeng， JING Weiwen
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: The recent developments on the studies of the sorption behaviors of organic contaminants onto soils (sediments) are reviewed in this paper. The sorption mechanisms of organic contaminants onto sediments are briefly expatiated. The influence on sorption effects of organic contaminants onto sediments such as the physical and chemical properties of soils (sediments), the properties of organic contaminants, temperature and pH value are discussed. The mathematics models of sorption and the experiment methods are also described. The focus and directions on the studies of sorption behaviors of organic contaminants onto soils (sediments) in the future are pointed out.
Key words: sorption; adsorption; organic compounds; soil; sediment

综述
大气硫循环过程及相关问题研究进展
孙晓静，杨桂朋
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：大气中的硫循环在全球硫循环过程中占有重要地位。本文对大气中可能存在的硫化物的种类、来源和循环进行了简要的综述，探讨了大气中的硫循环
对气候的影响，重点阐述了硫酸盐气溶胶在大气中的循环过程，介绍了目前用于描述硫化物运输过程所采用的数学模型以及硫通量的测定方法。
关键词：大气；大气硫循环；硫气溶胶；数学模型；沉降
中图法分类号： P734 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ14305

Sulfur Cycle Process in the Atmosphere and the Developments Of Some Issues Related

SUN Xiaojing， YANG Guipeng
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: The sulfur cycle in the atmosphere plays a great role in the sulfur global cycle. In this article, the species and sources of sulfide which can exist in the atmosphere together with the sulfur cycle is reviewed, the influence on the climate of sulfur cycle are discussed, the sulfate aerosol cycle and the numerical model for the sulfur cycle are introduced, the measurements to the sulfur flux are compared and a few proposes are put forward.
Key words: atmosphere； sulfur cycle； sulfate aerosol； numerical model； deposition

海水管系材料电偶腐蚀特性及研究

杜敏1，王爱萍1，高荣杰1，姜丽娜1，苏荣1，蒲艳丽1，张波2
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 青岛海洋腐蚀研究所，山东青岛 266071)

摘要：研究了目前舰船海水管系常用金属材料(双相不锈钢HDR、铜镍合金B10、不锈钢316L、硅黄铜HSi和碳钢20#)在天然海水中的自然腐蚀情况，得出
腐蚀电位序；研究了HDR双相不锈钢与其它管系材料间的电偶腐蚀行为，并分别对各材料，特别是双相不锈钢进行了极化曲线和循环伏安行为等腐蚀电化学性能研究。试验结果表明，HDR双相不锈钢具有很好的耐海水腐蚀性能；电偶腐蚀试验中，HDR双相不锈钢为阴极而受到保护，与其偶合的材料腐蚀速度加快程度比较明显；HDR双相不锈钢耐点蚀的能力较强。
关键词：电偶腐蚀；海水管系材料； HDR双相不锈钢；海水腐蚀
中图法分类号： P756.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ14805

Study of Corrosion Characters of Seawater Tubes
Du Min1, Wang Aiping1, Gao Rongjie1, Jiang Lina1, Su Rong 1, Pu Yanli1, Zhang Bo2

(1. Ocean University of Qingdao，Qingdao 266003， China；2. Institute for Marine Corrosion of Qingdao，Qingdao 266071,China)
Abstract： The natural corrosion of seawater tubes on naval ship, galvanic series of them，and the galvanic corrosion between HDR duplex stainless steel and other materials (CuNi alloy B10, stainless steel 316L, silicon brass HSi and 20# carbon steel) were investigated in this paper. In addition, the corrosion and electrochemical properties such as polarization curve and cyclicvoltammetry of different materials were obtained. The results showed that HDR duplex stainless steel had a good resistance to corrosion. HDR duplex stainless steel was protected as cathode in galvanic corrosion tests while other materials were corroded more quickly. HDR duplex stainless steel was antipitting corrosion。
Key words: galvanic couple corrosion； seawater tubes material； HDR duplex stainless steel； corrosion in seawater

综述
变压器油中溶解气体在线监测系统的研究现状
曹晓燕1，熊俊威1，2，王庆璋1
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003；2. 青岛澳柯玛新能源技术有限公司，山东青岛 266555)

摘要：对近10年来变压器油中溶解气体的在线监测系统研究现状进行了综述。详细介绍了包括半导体传感器、电化学传感器以及光纤传
感器等在内的主要传感器的原理和特点，并简要介绍了变压器油中溶解气体的脱气、分离和数据分析系统的研究进展。
关键词：变压器；溶解气体；传感器；在线监测
中图法分类号： T90 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ15304

The Development of the OnLine Detection System for Dissolved Gases in Power Transformer Oil
CAO Xiaoyan1， XIONG Junwei1,2， WANG Qingzhang1
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Aucma New Power Technology Co., Ltd,Qingdao 266555,China)

Abstract:The development of the online oildissolved gas detection is reviewed based on the achievement during the recent decade. The principles and character
istics of the gas sensors are introduced， including semiconductor sensor， electrochemical sensor and optical fiber sensor， et al. In addition， the presents
ituation of the gases extraction/separation and analysis system is summarized.
Key words: transformer; oildissolved gas; sensor; online detection

综述
切向超滤技术分离海洋胶体物质的研究

崔鑫1,2，赵卫红2，王江涛1
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003；2. 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室，山东青岛 266071)

摘要：对近年来国内外切向超滤技术应用于海洋胶体分析的研究情况进行了总结和对比。研究表明，超滤膜使用之前应用一定的标准物质对超滤膜的有效截
留分子量进行校对，以便了解所用超滤膜对胶体物质的截留和吸附情况；超滤膜必须运用超纯水及适当的清洗剂进行仔细清洗，并在实际分析样品之前用样品平衡处理超滤膜，使研究组分在溶液与超滤膜之间达到平衡；评价所要研究组分在超滤过程中的变化情况，并利用渗透模型描述研究组分在超滤过程中的渗透行为。实际分析样品时，应选择合适的浓缩因子，固定的膜压及流速对样品进行分离，胶体物质浓度应用超滤结束后超滤液和浓缩液中的物质浓度结合浓缩因子进行计算。
关键词：切向超滤；海洋胶体；重金属；放射性同位素
中图法分类号： O648.13 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672 5174(2004)05Ⅱ15706

A Study of CrossFlow Filtration Techniques Isolating Marine Colloids
CUI Xin1, 2， ZHAO Weihong2, WANG Jiangtao1,2
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. The Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract: A summary and intercomparison were conducted to evaluate the technique of crossflow filtration (CFF) systems isolating colloids from
seawater. The results show that the retention and sorption characterization must be evaluated before the CFF membrane is used, and the precondition of membrane
is so important that there will be a reasonable recovery throughout the CFF process. A permeation model can be used to predict the ultrafiltration behavior of
natural DOC, trace metals and radioactive isotopes. Moreover, optimal concentration factor, invariable pressure and speed should be used during the ultrafiltrat
ion process. The colloidal material concentration is calculated by using integral sample concentrations of ultrafiltrate and retention with concentrate factors
at the end of ultrafiltration process.
Key words: crossflow filtration; marine colloids; trace metals; rodioactive isotopes

研究简报
无粘结剂冷压成型天然石墨电极的抗氧化性能
高荣杰1，杜敏2，孙峰1

(1. 中国海洋大学材料科学与工程研究院；2. 化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：以天然鳞片石墨为原料采用无粘结剂冷压成型方式制备得到了石墨电极样品，分别研究了不同抗氧化处理方法与样品抗氧化性能的关系，结果表明：
天然鳞片石墨样品的氧化起始温度在883K，在923K时的氧化失重速率为481mg·g-1·h-1；采用硼酸—尿素体系处理后，试样氧化失重速率在923K和1 273K
分别为2.08mg·g-1·h-1和3.36mg·g-1·h-1；而采用硅酸乙酯—丙酮—盐酸体系处理后，试样平均氧化失重速率分别为0.96mg·g-1·h-1和2.46mg ·g-1·h-1；氧化失重随温度升高而明显加快，2种方式都能够大大降低氧化失重速率，但硅酸乙酯—丙酮—盐酸体系的抗氧化效果优于硼酸—尿素体系。
关键词：天然鳞片石墨；冷压；抗氧化；失重
中图法分类号： O613.71+ 文献标识码： A 文章编号：16725174(2004)05Ⅱ16303

A Study of AntiOxidation of Electrode Made of Natural Squama Graphite Powder Without Binder by Cold Pressing
GAO Rongjie1， DU Min2， SUN Feng1
(1. Institute of Material Science and Engineering；2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract： The sample of electrode was made of natural squama graphite powder without binder by cold pressing. The relationship between the anti-oxidation and the various treating techniques was studied. The oxidation of natural graphite electrode is about 883K and the weightloss rate is about 481mg·g-1·h1at 923K. The oxidation weightloss rate of electrode after treated by BN depressed to 2.08mg·g-1·h-1 and 3.36mg·g-1·h-1 at 923K and 1 273K, respectively. On the other hand, after treated by SiO, the oxidation weightloss rate reduced to 0.96mg·g-1·h-1 and 2.46mg·g-1·h-1 at 9 23K and 1 273K， respectively. The weightloss rate increased with the temperature increasing. The SiO was overmatched to antioxidation of natural squama graphite electrode than the BN.

Key words： natural squama graphite; cold press; antioxidation; weightloss

含微量痕量成分复杂化学反应体系的平衡计算
安维中，胡仰栋，伍联营，徐冬梅

(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：基于吉布斯自由能最小法，提出用遗传算法计算复杂化学反应体系的平衡问题。重点对多反应体系的约束处理问题和微痕量成分存在时计算精度不高
的问题进行了研究。针对前一问题，提出1种通过变量编码来达到同时满足多个约束条件的可行路径法；针对后一问题，将反应平衡常数引入吉布斯自由能计算模型，可有效解决计算精度问题。通过对多组分复杂反应体系的计算表明，本文方法具有简单、高效和易实施等优点，是求解这一问题的有效方法。
关键词：化学反应平衡；微量痕量成分；吉布斯自由能；遗传算法
中图法分类号： TQ02 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ16605

Calculation of Complex Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Containing Trace Constituents
AN Weizhong, HU Yangdong, WU Lianying, XU dongmei
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Based on Gibbs free energy minimization, Genetic algorithm (GA) is applied in this paper for calculation of complex chemical reaction equilibrium into which trace constituents are especially considered. Two difficulties associated with this calculation, i.e. how to handle constraints of problem and how to increase computing precision when trace constituents are existed which is insensitive to objective function, are studied particularly. For the former, a feasible path method that can handle constraints directly by means of variables coding procedure in GA is proposed. For the latter, reaction equilibrium constant is introduced into Gibbs model so that a desired computational precision can be guaranteed. It is shown through the calculation of complex system with multicomponent and multireaction that the presented approach is effective to the addressed problem.
Key words： chemical reaction equilibrium; trace constituents; Gibbs free energy; genetic algorithm

连续膜塔气体分离技术的研究
芦永红1，李大鹏2，夏代宽3
(1. 中国海洋大学，山东青岛 266003； 2. 中国科学院海洋所，山东青岛 266071； 3. 四川大学，四川成都 610065)
摘要：针对以前模型对CMC性能描述的不足，本文采用了包括轴扩散效应的活塞流模型来模拟全塔的性能。并将实验值、包括轴扩散的模型模拟值和不包括
轴扩散的模型模拟值进行比较，证明了这一模型是合理的。然后，用此模型对“PSACMC”制高纯氧工艺进行了模拟优化，选择最佳进料位置以减少所需的膜面积。通过计算，得到制取99％的高纯氧所需的最小塔高是2.2m。
关键词：连续膜塔；含轴扩散的活塞流模型；富氧；优化
中图法分类号： TQ028.8 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ17104

Study on Process of Gas Separation by Continuous Membrane Column
LU Yonghong1， LI Dapeng2， XIA Daikuan3
(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003,China; 2. Institute of Oceanography ,CAS,Qingdao 266071,China； 3 . Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065,China)
Abstract： A plugflow mathematical model induding axial dispersion was chosen to simwate the performance of CMC, it was proved suitable by comparing the experimental data with ones got from plugflow model including and not including axial dispersion. Furthermore, it was used in the process of PSACMC to get 999. highpurity oxygen, the lowest height of column was 2.2m by optimizing the performance parameter of CMC.

Key words: continuous membrane column; plugflow model including axial dispersion; oxygen enrichment; optimization

考虑膜清洗的反渗透海水淡化系统的优化设计
卢彦越1，胡仰栋1，徐冬梅2，伍联营1
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院，山东青岛 266510)
摘要：对反渗透海水淡化系统的优化设计进行了研究，设计时考虑了5年规划期内膜组件的清洗情况。以一级两段流程为研究对象，首先建立了反渗透
过程单元和描述膜组件污染的数学模型，提出了膜组件清洗的判据，然后给出了相关的经济模型，将投资费用、操作费用和设计变量相关联。以年费用最小为目标，将系统的设计问题表达为混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)。采用GAMS软件求解该数学规划，可得到最优的操作参数和最优的清洗策略。依此模型，对1个反渗透海水淡化工程进行了设计，得到的吨水费用，能耗低于文献报道值，表明本文的设计方法是有效的。
关键词：反渗透；海水淡化；优化设计；膜污染；清洗策略
中图法分类号： P734.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ17506

Optimum Design of Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination System Consider Membrane Cleaning
LU Yanyue1, HU Yangdong1, XU Dongmei2, WU Lianying1
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2.　College of Chemistry and Environmental
Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: In this paper the optimal design of RO desalination system is studied. Membrane cleaning during the five-year projection period is considered in the RO system design. From the beginning, one stage two pass processes is considered, the detailed mathematical models of each process units are given. Simultaneously, the new fouling model and the criterion of cleaning are also researched. Then the relevant economic models for the RO desalination process are introduced, which relate the cost of investment and operation with the design variables. The optimum design problem can be formulated as a mixedinteger nonl inear programming (MINLP), which minimizes the total annualized cost. The mathem atic programming is solved with GAMS software. As a result, the optimal operational parameters and the optimal cleaning strategy are given. According to this mo
del, one example is solved to illustrate the advantage and effectiveness of the new method.
Key words: reverse osmosis； seawater desalination； optimum design； membrane fouling； cleaning strategy

填料塔内空气水直接接触换热实验研究
胡保亭，胡仰栋，伍联营，卢彦越
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：通过自行搭建的实验设备，对填料塔内空气水直接接触传热进行了实验研究，获得了水质量流量、空气质量流量、填料高度及空气湿度等操作参数
在特定条件下对传热系数的影响规律。研究结果对于水空气、海水空气直接接触换热设备的设计具有指导意义。
关键词：直接接触；传热；填料塔；体积传热系数
中图法分类号： TB64.4； P747 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ18104

Study on the Direct Contact Heat Transfer of AirWater in Packing Tower
HU Baoting, HU Yangdong, WU Lianying, LU Yanyue
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Direct contact heat transfer of airwater in the packing tower is studied by using the pilot plant made by us. The effect of the volumetric heat transfer coefficient through the working condition, such as water mass flow, air mass flow , air humidity, height of the packing and so on, has been primarily determined. The result is important to guide the equipment design of direct contact heat transfer for airwater or airseawater.
Key words: direct contact； heat transfer； packing tower； volumetric heat transfer coefficient

偶氮胂Ⅲ－比光谱导数法同时测定混合体系中的Ca和Mg
姬泓巍，宁霞，辛惠蓁，徐环，朱茂旭
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266003)
摘要：用偶氮胂Ⅲ作显色剂，邻菲罗啉作掩蔽剂，对比光谱导数分光光度法同时测定Ca和Mg，研究得到了最佳实验条件。该方法测定混合物中Ca和Mg的精
密度分别是0.76%和0.63%，Ca和Mg的检出限分别为：6.4μg/L和5.2μg/L。将该方法用于黄河水样的分析，并采用自行研制的多组份比光谱导数分光光度法数据处理软件进行数据处理，得到实际样品的回收率分别为：Ca：97.3%～103.1%，Mg：96.7%～102.1%，获得了满意的分析结果。
关键词：比光谱导数；偶氮胂Ⅲ； Ca； Mg；同时测定
中图法分类号： O627.52 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ18505

ArsenazoⅢRatio Spectrum and Derivative Spectrophotometric Method Simultaneous Determination Ca2+，Mg2
JI Hongwei， NING Xia， XIN Huizhen， XU Huan, ZHU Maoxu
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: This article studied ratio spectrum and derivative spectrophotometric method to measure Ca2+ and Mg2 mixture simultaneously by using arsenazo Ⅲ as color reagent. The optimum experimental conditions are got. The detection limits are 6.4μg/L and 5.2μg/L, and relative standard deviations (RSD) are 0.76% and 0.63% for Ca2+ and Mg2+ respectively. By using the “multicomponent ratio spectrum and derivative spectrophotometric method analysis software” for processing data, the ratio spectrum and derivative spectrophotometric method is used to analyze Ca2+ and Mg2+ of the Yellow River's samples, the recovery is 97.3%～103.1% for calcium and 96.7%～102.1% for
magnesium, A satisfactory result is got.
Key words： ratio spectrum and derivative spectrophotometric; arsenazo Ⅲ； calcium; magnesium; simultaneous determination

综述
大气环境中醛、酮类污染物检测技术进展
高先池，杨桂朋，陆小兰
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：综述了近年来国内外有关大气环境中醛、酮类污染物的来源和几种主要的采样、分析方法以及最新发展的分析检测技术，比较了各类分析方
法的优缺点并提出了今后的发展方向。
关键词：大气；醛；酮；检测
中图法分类号： X51 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ19007

Advance in Detection of Pollutants Such as Aldehyde and Ketone in Atmosphere Environment
GAO Xianchi， YANG Guipeng， LU Xiaolan
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: In this paper, various methods of measuring pollutants such as aldehyde and ketone in atmosphere environment are described. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared and the direction of the development is pointed out in future.
Key words: atmosphere; aldehyde; ketone; detection

胶州湾溶解有机物质荧光特征初步探讨

季乃云1，2，赵卫红1，崔鑫3，王江涛3，苗辉1，王磊3
(1. 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室，山东青岛 266071； 2. 中国科学院研究生院，北京 100039； 3. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山
东青岛 266003)
Fluorescence Characterization of Dissolvecl Organic Matter in the Jiaozhou Bay
JI Naiyun1，2， ZHAO Weihong1， CUI Xin3， WANG Jiangtao3， MIAO Hui1， WANG Lei3
(1. The Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071,China; 2. The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; 3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Samples collected from surface seawater of four classic stations (Bay center, Dagu estuary, culture area of Hongdao and Licun estuary) in Jiaozhou Bay in Nov. 29, 2003 were divided by GF/F and crossflow ultrafiltration (CFF) into prefiltrate (<0.7μm), ultrafiltrate (<1 000Daltons) and retentate. Fluorescence spectra were measured by the HITACHI F4 500 fluor escence spectrophotometer. The positions of fluorescence peaks had no alteration during CFF and the proteinlike fluorescence peaks at high excitation wavelength were higher than the others in spectra. The balance indexes of tyrosine and tryptophanlike fluorescence were 61%～133% and 78%～101% respectively during CFF. The tyrosine and tryptophanlike fluorescence intensities of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Dagu estuary and culture area were larger than the others and the culture area had a great deal of colloidal tyrosinelike fluorophores. The negative relation between tyrosine and tryptophanlike fluorescence and chloro
phylla showed that proteinlike fluorophores were not derived from onsite phytoplankton mainly. The ratios of tyrosine and tryptophanlike fluorescence in
tensities in estuaries were less than those in Bay center and culture area, which meant that the degradation of estuarine proteins was little and rivers probably inputted plenty of tryptophanlike fluorophores.
Key words:\ dissolved organic matter; colloidal organic matter; fluorescence spectra

研究简报
壳聚糖膜的制备与性能
李小敏1，高荣杰2，张云3，陈国华1
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院；2. 材料科学与工程研究院；3. 环境科学与工程学院，山东青岛 266003)
摘要：以脱乙酰度88.4%、分子量4.74×105的壳聚糖为原料，采用流延法制备出了壳聚糖膜，研究了其厚度、吸湿性、拉伸率、抗张强度等物理机械性能以及对NaCl，KCl的扩散系数。研究结果发现：单纯壳聚糖膜的扩散能力与标准渗透膜相近，可以作为渗透膜使用，乙醇的加入可以减少原壳聚糖膜上的氨基，不仅提高了膜的强度和热稳定性，还降低了吸湿性能，有效地减小了膜孔径，降低了对KCl，NaCl等强电解质的扩散性能。
关键词：壳聚糖；膜；性能；扩散
中图法分类号： TQ929+2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ20404

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan Membranes

LI Xiaomin1， GAO Rongjie2， ZHANG Yun3， CHEN Guohua1
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; 2. Institute of Material Science and Engineering; 3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean
University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China)
Abstract： The membranes of chitosan and chitosanethanol are made from chitosan. Its physical and mechanical properties such as thickness, hygroscopicity, stretch strength, et al, and the diffusivity of membranes to NaCl and KCl solution are studied. The results show that the chitosan film, which is close to standard diffusion membranes in diffusivity, can be used as diffusion membrane, the ethanol can improve the strength and the heatstability, induce the moisture absorption, the aperture of film and the diffusivity to the strong electrolyte such as KCl, NaCl, et al.
Key words: chitosan; membrane; properties; diffusion

Preparation and Characterization of Polyaniline Doped with 3,4,9,10Perylenetetracarboxylic Acids
ZHANG Zhiming1， YU liangmin1, XU Huanzhi1， WAN Meixiang2
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China; 2. Organic Solid Laboratory, Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China)
Abstract: By using a modified chemical oxidation polymerization method, a series of polyaniline doped with 3,4,9,10perylenetetracarboxylic acids (PANIPTCA) was prepared. It was an important effect on the morphology of the resulted PANIPTCA adding water into AnilinePTCA salt mixture. The molecular structures of PANIPTCA were testified by UVVis absorption spectrum , Raman spectrum and Xray diffraction.
Key words: polyanilne； 3,4,9,10perylenetretracarboxylic acids； chemical oxidation polymerization

3,4,9,10NB021四酸掺杂聚苯胺的制备及表征
张志明1，　于良民1，　徐焕志1, 万梅香2
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003;2. 中科院化学所有机固体实验室，北京 100080)
摘要：通过改进化学氧化聚合的方法，采用非水溶性的3,4,9,10NB021四酸作为掺杂剂，制备了3,4,9,10NB021四酸掺杂聚苯胺（PANIPTC
A）。本文采用紫外可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对所制备的PANIPTCA进行了结构及形貌的表征。实验发现：实验中加入水的量对PANIPTCA的形貌有着重要影响。通过控制加入水的量可以制备出直径100～120nm的纳米管或纳米棒。
关键词：聚苯胺； 3,4,9,10NB021四酸；化学氧化聚合
中图法分类号： O633.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ20804

Recovery of Palladium from Deactivated Catalyst by Leaching Process
Wang Haizeng1， SungJin Uhm2
(1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China; 2 Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang Universit
y of Science & Technology, Pohang 790784,Korea)
Abstract： The effect of temperature, concentrations of oxidants and ammonium salt on the recovery of palladium is studied.
The process of deactivated palladiumcontaining catalysts on aluminasilicate support is investigated by leaching in iodide solutions with oxidants in an autoclave. To achieve high recovery of the palladium metal, an ammonium salt is introduced into the neutral leaching solution as a key leaching reagent.
It is showed that the recovery of palladium is about 98% under the optimum leaching conditions, which are 3g/L I2, 9. 2g/L KI, 66g/L (NH4)2SO4 at the temperature of 150℃ and the stirring speed of 202 r/min in an autoclave.
Key words: solid waste; used palladium catalyst; recovery of palladium; leaching process

用浸取新工艺从废催化剂中回收贵金属钯
王海增1， SUNGJin Uhm2
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003；2. 韩国浦项工科大学化工系，浦项790784 韩国)
摘要：研究了温度、氧化剂和铵离子浓度等因素对回收贵金属钯的影响。在高压反应釜中用含有碘化物和铵离子的浸取液对硅铝氧化物担载的钯废催化
剂进行了处理。结果显示下在反应温度150℃，高压反应釜转速202r/min，浸取液组成：3 g/L I2, 9.2g/L KI, 66g/L (NH4)2SO4条件下，能够回收98%的钯。
关键词：固体废弃物；钯废催化剂；回收钯；浸取工艺

中图法分类号： X789 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)05Ⅱ21204

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