太平洋海气界面净热通量的季节

太平洋海气界面净热通量的季节、年际和年代际变化

刘衍韫，刘秦玉，潘爱军

                              (中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室海洋大气相互作用与气候实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：根据COADS资料，使用经验正交分解(EOF)等分析方法，研究了北太平洋海气热通量的季节、年际和年代际变化特征。分析结果表明：北太平洋海洋夏季净得热，冬季净失热，且黑潮及其延伸体区失热最大。净热通量年际变化较明显，北太平洋西部模态水形成区冬季净热通量和副热带失热区春季净热通量的年际变化都主要依赖于潜热和感热通量的年际变化。夏季净热通量的低频变化中心在热带，冬季低频变化中心在黑潮及其延伸体区。冬季赤道东、西太平洋净热通量异常的年际变化相反；在热带北太平洋中部年际变化达到最大。夏季热带太平洋是净热通量异常的年际变化最大的海域，沿赤道两侧在165°E处呈偶极子型分布。
关键词：北太平洋；海气热通量；经验正交函数(EOF)；年际；年代际
中图法分类号： P732         文献标识码： A           文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-341-10

Seasonal，Annual and Decadal Variations of AirSea Heat Fluxes in the Northern Pacific Ocean
LIU Yanyun， LIU Qinyu， PAN Aijun
(Physical Oceanography Laboratory & OceanAtmosphere Interaction and climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Seasonal, annual and decadal variations of airsea heatfluxes over the Northern Pacific, ocean are analyzed based on the COADS dataset. The result shows that in North Pacific, ocean surface gains heat in summer and loses heat in winter, the net heat loss reaches its maximum, especially in Kuroshio Extension. In the subtropical western mode, water formation region in winter and the net heat lost zone in tropic in summer，the annual variation of Q net depends mainly on the annual variation of Q lat and Q sen. In both of winter and summer, lowfrequency signal of Q net is mainly annual and decadal variations. In summer, the center of lowfrequency variation of Q net is in tropic, while in winter it is in Kuroshio Extension. In winter, the annual variation of Q net in Eastern Pacific is opposite to that in western Pacific. The annual variation of Q net reaches its maximum in the central North Pacific. In summer, the annual variation of Q net reaches its maximum in the central North Pacific. In summer, the annual variation of Q net reaches its maximum in the tropical Pacific and has a dipole distribution pattern along the equator.
Key words： Northern Pacific Ocean; airsea heat flux; EOF; annual; decadal

                       利用卫星遥感资料对南海北部陆架海洋表层温度锋的分析

王磊 1, 2，王丽娅 2，魏皓 1,3

(1.中国海洋大学物理海洋研究所；山东青岛　266003； 2. 香港科技大学海岸与大气研究中心，香港九龙；

3. 中国海洋大学教育部物理海洋重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：利用7年(1993～1999)月平均的SST卫星遥感资料，分析了南海北部陆架区域海洋表层温度锋在一年中的逐月变化特征，表明南海北部陆架海洋表层温度锋存在明显的季节内变化。结合风场的卫星遥感资料，分析了东北季风对南海北部陆架温度锋的影响，表明东北季风风速的增加有利于温度锋强度的增强。通过对黑潮南海流套入侵较强的1999年2月与流套入侵较弱的1998年2月的SST卫星遥感资料的对比分析，考察了黑潮南海流套的入侵对南海北部陆架温度锋的影响，结果表明黑潮流套的较强入侵能够增加陆架温度锋的强度，对温度锋的走向也会产生一定的影响。
关键词：南海北部；陆架温度锋； SST；东北季风；黑潮流套
中图法分类号： P733 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-351-07

An Analysis of the SeaSurface Thermal Fronts in the Northern Shelf Region of the South China Sea with

Satellite Data
WANG Lei 1,2， WONG Liya 2, WEI Hao 1,3
(1. Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China， Qingdao　266003， China; 2. Center for Coastal and Atmospheric Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong； 3. The Key Lab of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Based on seven years'(1993～1999) monthly mean SST satellite data, the feature of monthly changes for the thermal fronts in the Northern South China Sea is analyzed. Results show that the intraseasonal changes of the thermal fronts are distinct. Combining the wind satellite data, we analyze the effect of the northeast monsoon on the form and development of the thermal fronts. This study shows that the increase of the wind velocity of the northeast monsoon can strengthen the intensity of the thermal fronts. Through the contrast of SST features in February 1998 when Kuroshio intrusion was weak and in February 1999 when Kuroshio intrusion was strong, the effect of Kuroshio intrusion on the thermal fronts is analyzed. Strong Kuroshio intrusion can increase the intensity of the thermal front and can also affect the direction of the thermal front.
Key words: Northern South China Sea; shelf thermal front; SST; northeast monsoon; Kuroshio intrusion

赤潮异弯藻和海洋原甲藻LSU-rDNA扩增及序列分析

董云伟，董双林

（中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003）

摘要：利用引物D1R和D2C扩增并测定了赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo Hada）和海洋原甲藻（Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg）的LSU rDNA D1与D2序列，并与GenBank中相关序列进行比较分析。结果表明：在种内水平，所测的H. akashiwo 6个株系之间共有5个变异位点，序列H. k与H.k2，H. k4均存在碱基替换；原甲藻属不同种内各株系之间的遗传距离为0.002～0.023之间，所测序列P.mi与P.micans其他株系之间均存在碱基替换。在种间水平上，原甲藻属不同种之间的遗传距离在0.045～0.139之间，大于种内遗传距离，每个种都具有特定的保守序列。根据序列间的遗传变异，可设计特异性的探针对不同株系和物种进行检测和计数。
关键词：海洋原甲藻；赤潮异弯藻； LSU rDNA；特异性探针
中图法分类号： X55 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-358-07

Amplification and Analysis of Partial Ribosomal RNA LargeSubnunit Genes Sequences of Heterosigma akashiwo Hada and Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg
DONG Yunwei， DONG Shuanglin
(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： The LSU rDNA partial sequences of marine algae, Heterosigma akashiwo Hada and Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg were amplified with primers D1R/D2C and aligned with those in GenBank to assess the interand intraspecific variations. The intraspecific distances, calculated by the Kimura2 parameters method, ranged form 0.002 to 0.023. Though the sequences were conservative within the same species, there were still some variation sites among different strains that could be used to design strainsspecific probes. The genetic distances among species, within genus Prorocentrum, ranged from 0.045 to 0.139. Each species owns its conserved domains, by which speciesspecific probes can be designed to identify different Prorocentrum species.
Key words: Heterosigma akashiwo； Prorocentrum micans； LSU rDNA； specific probes
　

综述盘鲍微卫星研究进展

李琪

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：微卫星标记（microsatellite markers）广泛分布于原核生物和真核生物基因组中，具有密度大、多态性丰富、遵循孟德尔分离定律共显性遗传、易于PCR扩增等特点，已成为近年来最引人注目的新型DNA标记。本文对皱纹盘鲍的微卫星标记的开发以及在种群遗传多样性评价、家系分析、人工苗种遗传变异监测研究方面的最新进展进行了综述，并阐述了微卫星标记在无效等位基因、大小承异同形性等方面存在的问题。
关键词：皱纹盘鲍；微卫星；遗传变异
中图法分类号： Q75 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-365-06

Advances in Studies on Microsatellite Markers in the Pacific Abalone
LI Qi
(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Microsatellites are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. As they are evenly dispersed throughout genomes, usually characterized as codominant and highly polymorphic systems amenable to genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and generally inherited in a Mendelian fashion, microsatellites have become instrumental as genetic markers in many areas. The paper summarizes the recent progress in microsatellites isolation and their applications in population study, parentage analysis, and detection of changes in genetic variation of farmed stocks, and reviews the problems of microsatellite markers including null alleles and size homoplasy.
Key words: Haliotis discus hannai; microsatellites; genetic variability

去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾蜕皮和生长的影响
　

王芳，穆迎春，董双林，董少帅，黄国强

(中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：研究了去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾蜕皮和生长的影响。实验在水族箱内进行，实验对虾的初始体重约为2.26g，投喂的饲料为人工配合饲料，实验持续40d。实验结果如下：1. 在本实验条件下，去眼柄显著加快了凡纳滨对虾稚虾的蜕皮，蜕皮周期由原来的14.6d缩短到11.4d(P<0.05)；2. 在本实验条件下，去眼柄凡纳滨对虾稚虾的摄食率(FI d)和食物转化效率(FCE d)分别比正常组低7.91%和6.23%，特定生长率(SGR d)比正常组低14.74%，但经检验差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)；3. 在本实验条件下，去眼柄对虾用在蜕皮的能量比正常组高54.39%，经检验差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)，而其他各部分能量比例差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验结果表明：在本实验条件下，去眼柄缩短了对虾的蜕皮周期，但对对虾的生长并未产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。
关键词：凡纳滨对虾；去眼柄；蜕皮；生长
中图法分类号： S996.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-371-06

Effects of Eyestalk Ablation on the Molting and Growth ofJuvenile Litopenaeus vannamei
WANG Fang, MU Yingchun, DONG Shuanglin, DONG Shaoshuai, HUANG Guoqiang(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract： The effects of eyestalk ablation on the molting and growth of juvenile L. vannamei are investigated. The shrimps were kept in glass aquaria and fed with artificial pellet. The initial wet weight of the shrimp is about 2.26g. This experiment lasted for 40days. The results show that: 1.The effect of eyestalk ablation on the molting is significant (P<0.05), the intermoult period (IP) is shortened from 14.6d to 11.4d after eyestalk ablation; 2. FI d,FCE d and SGR d of eyestalk ablated shrimp are lower than the intact ones by 7.91%, 6.23% and 14.74%, respectively, but there are no significant differences between them (P>0.05); 3. The energy spent for exuvia of eyestalk ablated shrimp is significantly higher (54.39%) than that of intact ones (P<0.05), but there are no significant differences among the other energy allocations for the two treatments (P>0.05). The results demonstrate that the effect of eyestalk ablation on moulting of Litopenaeus Vannamei is significant (P<0.05), but not significant on the growth of the shrimp (P>0.05).
Key words： Litopenaeus vannamei; eyestalk ablation; growth; molt

中性糖对古糖酯含量测定的影响
　

张真庆，赵峡，于广利，管华诗

(中国海洋大学药物与食品研究所，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：采用硫酸苯酚法、硫酸咔唑法和硫酸间羟联苯3种方法分别对古糖酯的含量测定进行了研究，并考察了3种方法中加入8种单糖即阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)、果糖(Fru)、木糖(Xyl)、甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha)和岩藻糖(Fuc)后对古糖酯含量测定的影响。结果表明3种方法测定古糖酯含量时，其吸收值与古糖酯浓度(在0.1～0.5mg/mL范围内)都呈良好的线性关系，不同的中性糖对3种测定方法影响不同。样品回收率亦不相同。
关键词：古糖酯；硫酸苯酚法；硫酸咔唑法；硫酸间羟联苯法；中性糖
中图法分类号： R931.77 文献标识： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-377-04

Comparison of Three Methods for Content Determination of Sulfated Polyguluronic Acid Ester
ZHANG Zhenqing, ZHAO Xia, YU Guangli, GUAN Huashi
(Institute of Marine Drug and Food, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Three determination methods,i.e.sulfatephenol, sulfatecarbazole and sulfate3Phenylphenylol for uronic acid, were applied to determine the content of sulfated polyguluronic acid ester (SPGE). And different neutral sugars i.e. Ara, Gal, Glc, Fru, Xyl, Man, Rha and Fuc,were added to examine their effects on the determination of SPGE.The results show that the absorbance is in direct ratio with the concentration of SPGE between 50 and 500μg/mL. Different neutral sugar in SPGE can influence the results in a different degree.With the refined SPGE as a criterion,there is little differences in the recovery coefficient for the three methods.
Key works: sulfated polyguluronic acid ester (SPGE); sulfatephenol; sulfatecarbazole; sulfate3Phenylphenylol; neutral sugar

超高分子量聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯网线的\=拉伸力学性能比较研究
石建高, 王鲁民
(农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海 200090)

摘要：在标准实验室环境里，对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）网线的拉伸力学性能进行了比较研究。结果表明：UHMWPE网线较HDPE网线具有较高的强度、拉伸模量和结强损失率；而HDPE网线较UHMWPE网线具有较高的断裂伸长率。结论可供渔具设计及网线材料选配时参考。
关键词：超高分子量聚乙烯；高密度聚乙烯；网线；拉伸力学性能
中图法分类号： S971.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-381-08

Comparative Study of Tensile Mechanic Performance of UltraHigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene and High Density Polyethylene Netting Twines
SHI Jiangao， WANG Lumin
（The Key and Open Ecological Laboratory of Marina and Estuary, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China）

Abstract: In this paper, the tensile mechanic performance of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene（UHMWPE）netting twines and High Density Polyethylene（HDPE）netting twines was compared in standard laboratory. The results show that UHMWPE netting twines are higher than HDPE netting twines in tenacity, tensile modulus and ratio of loss of overhand knot breaking strength, while in percentage of breaking elongation the latter is bigger than the former. The conclusion reached can be used as reference in designing fishing gear and selecting netting materials.
Key words: ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene；high density polyethylene；netting twine; tensile mechanic performance

江鳕和大头鳕头颅骨骼特征的比较研究
方华华 1，高天翔 1，武云飞 1，石振广 2，姜作发 3
(1. 中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室，山东青岛 266003; 2. 黑龙江省特产鱼类研究所，黑龙江佳木斯 154002; 3. 中国水产科学院黑龙江水产研究所，黑龙江哈尔滨 150070)

摘要：对江鳕 (Lota lota Linnaeus)和大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius)的头颅骨骼进行了描述和比较。研究结果表明：2种鱼均有发达的鼻骨、额骨、后耳骨和鳞片骨，上颌口缘由前颌骨构成，犁骨上具齿，上枕骨与额骨相接，左右顶骨分离，无眶蝶骨、基蝶骨、伪头中骨和辅上颌骨。2种鱼的区别主要在于骨块的形状、大小差异及嵴的发达程度的不同。
关键词: 江鳕；大头鳕；头骨
中图法分类号： S931； Q959.472 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-389-07

Description and Comparison of the Skulls of Two Species of Cod Lota lota Linnaeus and Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius
FANG Huahua 1， GAO Tianxiang 1， WU Yunfei 1， SHI Zhenguang 2， JIANG Zuofa 3

(1. The Key Laboratory of Mariclture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Endemic Fishes' Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi 154002, China； 3. Heilongjiang Institute of Aquatic Science Chinese Academy of Aquatic Science, Harbin 150070, China)

Abstract： This paper deals with the description and comparison of the skulls of Lota lota Linnaeus and Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. The results indicate that both have welldeveloped nasals, frontal, opisthotic, and squamosal bones, but they have no orbitosphenoid, basisphenoid, pseudomesia bar, or supplemental maxilla. The outside of maxillary consists of premaxillary. There are teeth on the vomer. Supraoccipital and frontal are connected, and the right and left parietal are detached. The major differences of skulls between Lota lota and Gadus macrocephalus lie in the shape and size of the bones and the developmental degree of the crest. Finally, some features that can be used to identify genus or species are discussed.
Key words： Lota lota； Gadus macrocephalus； skull

钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白和多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性研究
李冰 1，张学成 1，高美华 2，于红 1,2
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 青岛大学医学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：对钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白（PC）和多糖（PSP）的抗肿瘤免疫活性进行了研究。采用免疫酶标技术、MTT法及定量溶血分光光度测定法等免疫分析实验，从免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子3个水平上进行藻蓝蛋白和多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性检测。结果显示，藻蓝蛋白和多糖处理组小鼠瘤块直径及瘤体重量均小于对照组，T细胞及B细胞活性明显增强，体液抗体量显著提高，螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白比多糖抑制肿瘤细胞生长和提高机体免疫力的作用更明显。
关键词：螺旋藻；藻蓝蛋白；多糖；免疫活性；抗肿瘤
中图法分类号： R282.77 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-396-07

Study on the Antitumor Immune Activities of Phycocyanin and Polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis
LI Bing 1, ZHANG Xuecheng 1, GAO Meihua 2, YU Hong 1,2
(1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China; 2. Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： In this paper， we report the verification of the antitumor immune effects of the phycocyanin and polysaccarides isolated from bluegreen alga Spirulina platensis by the ELISA，MTT and QHS methods at immune organic, cellular and molecular levels. The results show that the phycocyanin and polysaccarides have noticeable effects on antitumor immune activities. Compared with the control group, the size and weight of the tumor in groups treated with phycocyanin and polysaccharides are significantly smaller, the activity of T and B lymphocytes are markedly strengthened, and the quantity of the antibody is greatly enhanced as well. And it is found that the phycocyanin is better than the polysaccharides in tumor inhibition and immunity enhancement.
Key words: Spirulina； phycocyanin； polysaccharides； immune activity； antitumor

蛋白质感染因子与水产养殖
杨官品 1，廖梅杰 1，张之文 2，门荣新 1
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，山东青岛 266061)

摘要：介绍了蛋白质感染因子的概念、蛋白质感染因子复制机理假说及其证明、蛋白质感染因子多样性等内容，并讨论了水产养殖动物中存在蛋白质感染因子疾病的可能性。
关键词：蛋白质感染因子；水产养殖；疯牛病；唯蛋白假说
中图法分类号： Q753；S96 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-403-10

Prions and Their Possible Associations with Aquaculture
YANG Guanpin 1， LIAO Meijie 1， ZHANG Zhiwen 2， MEN Rongxin 1
(1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. The First Institute of Oceanography, National Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China)

Abstract： An introduction to what prions are, how diverse they are and how they propagate, and those pivotal experiments bringing us the biological knowledge of prions is given, so that the students and teachers in biology and aquaculture and those interested in prions can understand them to a relative completion. The possibility that prion diseases may exist in cultured animals is discussed in this paper.
Key words: prions; aquaculture; mad disease; proteinonly hypothesis

2001年冬季渤海的浮游植物群落结构特征
孙军 1, 2，刘东艳 1，白洁 1，高会旺 1，韩笑天 2
(1. 中国海洋大学生命学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态和环境科学重点实验室，山东青岛 266071)

摘要: 研究了2001年冬季覆盖渤海56个测站的浮游植物物种及其群落特征。共发现浮游植物3门37属72种(不包括未定名物种)。物种主要以温带近岸型硅藻为主，优势种主要尖刺伪菱形藻、浮动弯角藻、偏心圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)和环纹劳德藻。其中的尖刺伪菱形藻、偏心圆筛藻和具槽帕拉藻是冬季渤海浮游植物的关键种。分析认为：细胞丰度的平面分布由浮游硅藻的分布所决定。同1983年同期资料相比发现，优势种没有较大变化，但其优势程度顺序和细胞丰度发生了一定的改变，整个浮游植物群落的细胞丰度有大幅度增加。冬季渤海浮游植物群落的多样性程度是低的。
关键词: 浮游植物；群落结构；关键种；多样性；渤海；冬季
中图法分类号： P735 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-413-10
Phytoplankton Community of the Bohai Sea in Winter 2001
SUN Jun 1, 2, LIU Dongyan 1, BAI Jie 1, GAO Huiwang 1, HAN Xiaotian 2
(1. College of Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. The Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract: Features of phytoplankton community were studied based on the phytoplankton data of a 56 grid stations investigation from 10 th to 15 th January 2001 in the Bohai Sea, China. Three classes including 37 genera and 72 species (not including unidentified taxa) were common found in the survey area. The main phytoplankton group was temperate and neritic autochthonous diatom. The dominant species were Pseudonitzschia pungens, Eucampia zodiacus, Coscinodiscus excentricus, Paralia sulcata and Lauderia annulata etc. The preliminary result of community comparison study was that the key species of phytoplankton in this season were Pseudonitzschia pungens, Coscinodiscus excentricus and Paralia sulcata. The horizontal patterns of phytoplankton cell abundance were controlled by those of diatoms, which was higher in the South of the survey area than that of the North. Two concentration areas of phytoplankton cell abundance were found in Laizhou Bay and the South of the Bohai Strait. The dinoflagellate abundance was high in the estuary of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Strait. A comparison of the data with those collected in winter, 1983 shows that the dominant species composition was similar in these two data sets, but the cell abundance of these dominant species and the dominance was changed, and the cell abundance of phytoplankton was increased greatly in this study. The Margalef species richness index, ShannonWiener index and Evenness of phytoplankton were relatively higher in the South of the survey area than those of the North. The fuzzy evaluation of biodiversity shows that phytoplankton community biodiversity in the Bohai Sea was low in winter.
Key words: phytoplankton; community structure; key species; biodiversity; Bohai Sea; winter

牛蒡菊糖及其制备方法的研究
郝林华 1, 2，陈靠山 2, 3，李光友 2
(1. 中国海洋大学生命学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质重点实验室，山东青岛 266061； 3. 山东大学生命科学学院，山东济南 250100)

摘要：研究从牛蒡根中提取菊糖并进行纯化的方法。选择固液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数4个因素作为单因素进行梯度实验，确定其条件范围，并采用正交设计法优化提取条件，得到牛蒡菊糖提取的最佳因素组合：固液比1∶10，温度70℃，提取时间90min，提取2次，提取率为90.82%。对牛蒡菊糖进行理化特性和组成分析，结果表明，该菊糖平均分子量和聚合度较低，纯度较高，单糖组成含有果糖及少量的葡萄糖，具有菊糖类物质的一般特征。
关键词：牛蒡；菊糖；提取；纯化；理化特性；组成
中图法分类号： Q946.3 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-423-06

Study on Great Burdock Inulin and Its Extraction Technique
HAO Linhua 1, 2， CHEN Kaoshan 2, 3， LI Guangyou 2
(1. College of Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. The Key Laboratry of Marine Bioactivity Substance of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China; 3. Life Science Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China)

Abstract: The extraction and purification technique of inulin from Great Burdock（Arctium lappa L.）root is studied in this paper. Several factors, e.g. water volume, temperature, time and extraction times affect inulin extraction rate. The extraction conditions are optimized by the method of orthogonal design, and the optimum condition is determined. The physichemical properties and structure of Great Burdock inulin are measured. The results show that Great Burdock inulin is of the basic feature of other inulins.
Key words： Great Burdock； inulin； extraction； purification； physichemical properties； structure

付里叶形状分析方法及其在地质学中的应用
赵广涛 1, Wei Zhou 2, William E. Full 2, 陈强 1, 林育山 3
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. Advanced Solutions Group, University of South Carolina, USA； 3. 福州工业学校, 福建福州 350007)

摘要：作为1种有效的定量分析方法，付里叶形状分析已被应用到地质学诸多分支学科的研究中，如沉积学、岩石学、微体古生物学等。文中简要介绍付里叶形状定量分析的基本原理和方法，特别是闭合式付里叶分析方法及其在地质学中的应用。应用实例之一是南极沉积物源的解释，即怎样区分冰期海洋沉积物和冰〓物；之二是研究反映生态环境变化的浮游有孔虫 G. truncatulionoides 的形状，其付里叶形状定量分析结果与δ 18 O同位素数据相吻合。
关键词：付里叶形状分析; 闭合式付里叶分析; 沉积物; 有孔虫
中图法分类号： O174.2; P54 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-429-08

Fourier Shape Analysis and Its Application in Geology
ZHAO Guangtao 1， WEI Zhou 2， William E. Full 2， CHEN Qiang 1， LIN Yushan 3
(1. College of Marine Geoscience, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Advanced Solutions Group, University of South Carolina,USA; 3. Fuzhou Industrial College, Fuzhou 350007, China)

Abstract： The fundamental concept of Fourier shape analysis is introduced in this paper, the ClosedForm Fourier shape analysis is widespread use. It is found that in geological grain shape analysis. The algorithm of the ClosedForm Fourier analysis is concise and easy to be implemented and the outline of a particle is described. Two application cases of Fourier grain shape analysis are given in the paper, the one concerns the provenance interpretation of the sediment in Antarctica, i. e, how to distinguish the tills and glacial marine deposits and the other case quantifies to quantify the shape of a Foraminifera species, G.truncatulionoides, whose shape changes reflect the changes of ecological environment. The result of Fourier shape analysis in the study of second case is correlative to that of isotopic δ 18 O.
Key words: fourier shape analysis; ClosedForm Fourier analysis; sediment; foraminifera

断阶型潜山带地质模型的建立及储层预测——以CG20潜山为例
姜素华 1,2，王永诗 3，张家震 3，王军 4
(1. 石油大学，山东东营 257061； 2. 中国海洋大学，山东青岛 266003； 3. 中国石化胜利油田地质科学研究院，山东东营 257015；4. 中国石化胜利油田物探研究院，山东东营 257015)

摘要：以CG20潜山为例，从建立地质模型入手，包括地层模型、构造模型、储集模型、储盖组合模型、速度模型等，认识到各套地层分布和储层物性的差异均与地震响应密切相关，因此可以利用地震波的信息，预测潜山储层的发育及分布情况。在对CG20潜山进行精细全三维构造解释的基础上，探讨性地应用了测井约束反演、吸收系数、相干分析及三维模式识别等技术，对潜山储层进行了预测，从而提高了潜山勘探的效益，并为类似断阶型潜山带的勘探提供了成功的经验，具有一定的指导意义。
关键词：断阶型潜山带；地质模型；测井约束反演；三维模式识别
中图法分类号： P315.61 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-437-09

Establishment of Geological Models of Terrace Fault Buried
Hill and Reservoir Prediction：
with the CG20 Buried Hill As An Example
JING Suhua 1,2， WANG Yongshi 3， ZHANG Jiazhen 3， WANG Jun 4
(1. University of Petroleum， Dongying 257061， China； 2. Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China； 3. Geological Scientific Research Institute, SLOF， Sinopec， Dongying 257015， China; 4. Geophysical Research Institute， SLOF， Sinopec， Dongying 257015， China)

Abstract： Taking CG20 buried hill as an example, through the establishment of geological models， including a stratum model， a structural model， a reservoir model，a reservoirseal combination model， a velocity model, etc., it is learnt that the seismic response has a close relation to the distribution of the layers and the property difference of the reservoir layer. Therefore the development and distribution of the buried hill reservoir can be predicted. Based on fine, full 3D structural interpretations of the CG20 buried hill， the technologies of welllogconstraint inversion，absorption coefficient，coherency analysis and 3D pattern recognition are applied to predict the reservoir. With this approach the economic benefit of the buried hill exploration is enhanced and it can be helpful for the exploration of similar terrace fault buried hill zones.
Key words： terrace fault buried hill zone； geological model； welllogconstraint inversion； 3D pattern recognition

不定积分变换法对二度体磁异常的研究II
——无限延深直立厚板、有限延深直立厚板
阚光明 1，裴建新 1，张维冈 1，2
(中国海洋大学1. 海洋地球科学学院； 2. 海底资源与探测技术省级重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：根据无限延深直立厚板和有限延深直立厚板的磁异常公式，求出磁异常的不定积分变换结果，并根据变换结果绘制磁异常变换参量图。在取不同空间几何参数条件下，讨论各变换参量图的变化规律，寻找由深度和厚度引起变换磁异常变化最显著的方向，以及与异常变换前参量图进行特性对比和效果分析。同时讨论了目标体埋深很大时有限延深直立厚板与水平圆柱体的变换参量图的相似性。该方法可简易、快速地区分异常体形状，能突出一些为常规处理所淹没的重要地质信息，有助于实际的磁异常解释。
关键词：二度体；磁异常；参量图；不定积分变换
中图法分类号： P318.4 + 3 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-446-07

Study on Applying Indefinite Integral Transformation to Interpretation of TwoDimensional Magnetic Abnormality II:
Infinite Extension Erect Thick Plank and Limited Erect Thick Plank
KAN Guangming 1， PEI Jianxin 1， ZHANG Weigang 1，2
(Ocean University of China 1. College of Marine Geosciences； 2.The Key Laboratory of Seabed Resources ＆ Exploration Technics, Qingdao 266003, China )

Abstract： From the two kinds of magnetism abnormality formulae, we deduce respective results of indefinite integral transformation, and plot a series of parameter figures for them. According to the varieties of different spatial geometrical parameters, the variation of these parameter figures is discussed. We seek the most obvious direction in which the spatial geometrieal parameter affects the abnormalities most and conclude a series of regulations toward various object modes. At the same time, we discuss the similarity between the parameter figures of a limited erect thick plank and a horizontal cylinder when the object is deeply buried. The magnetisms can be distinguished by this method easily and quickly. This method can abstract plenty of important geological information, and contribute to the explanation of magnetic exploration.
Key words： twodimensional; magnetic abnormality; parameter figure; indefinite integral transformation

磷酸盐、硝酸盐组成对海洋赤潮藻生长的影响
王修林，邓宁宁，祝陈坚，韩秀荣，李克强，辛宇，陈莉莉
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：应用1次培养实验方法研究了不同组成磷酸盐(PO 4 P)和硝酸盐(NO 3 N)对新月菱形藻、旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻3种海洋赤潮藻生长的影响。结果表明，Logistic生长模型可以很好地描述不同组成PO 4 P和NO 3 N条件下3种海洋赤潮藻生长状况，其中拟合相关系数R 2 =0.95±0.03。进一步研究表明，3种海洋赤潮藻均存在营养盐生长阈值C * PO4，C * NO3，在本文实验条件下新月菱形藻的C * PO 4 为1.72μmol·L -1，C * NO 3 为40.42μmol·L -1；旋链角毛藻的分别为2.07μmol·L -1和44.76μmol·L -1；中肋骨条藻的分别为1.13μmol·L -1和30.26μmol·L -1。当PO 4P，NO 3 N初始浓度分别小于其营养盐生长阈值C * PO 4，C * NO 3时，随其初始浓度增加会促进3种赤潮藻生长，但当初始浓度大于营养盐生长阈值时，随营养盐初始浓度增加反而会逐渐限制其生长。这表明3种海洋赤潮藻都存在1个适宜其生长的(N∶P) 最佳值，其中新月菱形藻的(N∶P) 最佳值=20∶1，旋链角毛藻的(N∶P) 最佳值=19∶1，中肋骨条藻的(N∶P) 最佳值=32∶1。
关键词：赤潮藻；终止生物量；磷酸盐；硝酸盐；氮磷比
中图法分类号： P734.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-453-08

Effect of Nutrients (Phosphate and Nitrate) Composition on the Growth of HAB Algae
WANG Xiulin， DENG Ningning， ZHU Chenjian， HAN Xiurong， LI Keqiang， XIN Yu， CHEN Lili
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract： The effect of the ratio variation of nitrate and phosphate on the growth of 3 species of HAB algae (Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum) is studied and batch culture experiments are conducted. The results indicate that the Logistic growth model is proved to give a clear and precise description of the cultivation period of the 3 species of HAB algae, with the fit coefficient R 2 as high as 0.95±0.03. Further research shows that there exists a turning point(C * PO 4，C * NO 3)， where the initial nutrient concentration have a twosided effect on the algae growth, and that when the initial nutrient concentration (PO 4 P， NO 3 N) is below the turning point(C * PO 4，C * NO 3), the growth process will be promoted with the increase of concentration, on the contrary, the growth process will be suppressed. The C * PO 4 of Nitzschia closterium is 1.72μmol·L -1 and the C * NO 3 of Nitzschia closterium is 40.42 μmol·L -1; the Chaetoceros curvisetus's C * PO 4 is 2.07μmol·L -1 and C * NO 3 is 44.76μmol·L -1; the Skeletonema costatum's C * PO 4 is 1.13μmol·L -1 and C * NO 3 is 30.26μmol·L -1. An optimum N/P ratio is concluded for these 3 species of HAB algae (Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum), and they are 20∶1, 19∶1 and 32∶1, respectively.
Key words： HAB algae； final biomass； phosphate； nitrate； N/P ratio

微波组合化学在新药研究中的应用
唐洪杰 1，任素梅 2，陆小兰 1，孙明昆 1
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东青岛 266003； 2. 中国海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：微波组合化学是组合化学快速发展的结果。与传统方法下的组合化学相比，微波组合化学加快了新药筛选中化合物库的建立过程，是1种切实有效的有机合成新技术，并且形成了多种合成方法。本文对近10年来出现的微波组合化学方法及其在新药研究中的应用进行了简单的综述。
关键词：药物化学；微波组合化学；固相组合合成；干法合成；氟合成法
中图法分类号： R914 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-461-07

MicrowaveAssisted Combinatorial Synthesis Chemistry in New Drug Research
TANG Hongjie 1, REN Sumei 2, LU Xiaolan 1, SUN Mingkun 1(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract： With the fast development of combinatorial chemistry, microwavepromoted organic synthesis has been introduced into new drug research. In comparison with traditional methods of organic synthesis, microwaveassisted combinatorial chemistry can make highspeed processing of chemical transformations in building library production. Such technology is rapidly recognized as a useful tool for meeting the increasing requirement of new compounds of drugs. This review mainly summarizes several popular methods for microwaveassisted combinatorial synthesis and their applications in drug discovery.
Key words： medicinal chemistry; microwaveassisted combinatorial chemistry; solidphase combinatorial synthesis; drymedia synthesis; flourous synthetic techniques

异地海域年极值风暴增水同现规律的探讨
董胜 1，梁永超 1,2，郝小丽 1
(1. 中国海洋大学工程学院，山东青岛 266071； 2. 中国石化海上石油工程技术检验站，山东东营 257001)

摘要: 以塘沽和龙口海洋观测站20年极值增水值为样本，基于二维冈贝尔逻辑分布模式，探讨了不同海域风暴潮增水极值的联合分布规律。通过对二维分布的联合概率密度、条件概率密度和同现概率的计算，给出了相应的工程设计参数，供有关部门在防潮规划时参考。
关键词: 风暴极值增水；二维冈贝尔逻辑分布；联合概率；防潮；规划
中图法分类号： P753 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-468-07
Coincidence Probability Study of Annual Extreme Storm
Surges in Different Coastal Areas
DONG Sheng 1， LIANG Yongchao 1,2， HAO Xiaoli 1
(1. College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China； 2. Department of Offshore Petroleum Engineering Survey, SINOPEC, Dongying 257001, China)

Abstract: By taking the annual maximum storm surges at Tanggu and Longkou Tidal Stations in 20 years as an example, this paper discusses the joint probability of extreme storm surges on the basis of the bivariable Gumbel Logistic model. Corresponding engineering design parameters are given out by calculating the joint probability density function, conditional density function and probability function. Return period values of storm surges are proposed for reference in formulating stormprevention program.
Key words: extreme storm surge; bivariable Gumbel Logistic distribution; coincidence probability; storm prevention; planning

多通道带乘性噪声系统观测噪声的最优估计
褚东升，王璐，陈萌
(中国海洋大学工程学院，山东青岛 266071)

摘要：研究在多通道观测时观测噪声的最优估计问题。就多通道的乘性噪声为对角阵且动态噪声一步相关并与观测噪声在同时刻和过去相邻时刻也相关的复杂情况下给出了在线性最小方差意义下的观测噪声最优滤波估计算法和固定区间平滑估计算法。针对这些算法进行了仿真研究，仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。
关键词：多通道随机系统；乘性噪声；线性最小方差估计；观测噪声估计器
中图法分类号： TP13 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-475-06

Optimal Estimation of Measurement Noise for MultiChannel
Systems with Multiplicative Noise
CHU Dongsheng， WANG Lu， CHEN Meng
(College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： In this paper an estimation of measurement noise is developed for multichannel systems with multiplicative noise. An optimal filtering algorithm and an optimal fixedinterval smoothing algorithm are given under the conditions that the multiplicative noise is in the form of diagonal matrix and the dynamic noise correlates with itself in onestep and correlates with the measurement noise at the present step as well as one past step. These two algorithms are optimal in the sense of linearminimumvariance. Some simulations have been provided to show the validity of these algorithms.
Key word： multichannel stochastic system; multiplicative noise; linear minimumvariance estimation; estimator of measurement noise

模糊线性判别函数与权重初始化超球面
冯天瑾，刘洪波
(中国海洋大学信息工程中心，山东青岛 266071)

摘要：将非线性神经元及多层感知机分类行为分析建筑在模糊集理论基础上，提出模糊线性判别函数、模糊判别面、模糊模式分类等概念，并引导出将多层感知机的隐层权重值均匀地分布在权重空间超球面上的网络初始化方法。以一系列实验验证此方法能明显提高多层感知机收敛性能，且与所用的学习算法、神经元的激励函数形式无关。
关键词：多层感知机; 模糊线性判别函数; 非线性激励函数; LM学习算法; 权重初始化
中图法分类号： TP183 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-481-08

Fuzzy Linear Discriminant Functions and the WeightInitialization Hyperspheres
FENG Tianjin， LIU Hongbo(Information Engineering Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract: Based on the fuzzy set theory, the concepts of fuzzy linear discriminant function, fuzzy decision surface, and fuzzy classification are introduced in this paper. Then, a novel weightinitialization method, by which the inputtohidden weight vectors of MLPclassifiers are initialized and distributed uniformly on a hypersphere in the weight space, is induced. Using a series of experiments, it is proved that this weightinitialization method is an universal approach to improving markedly the performance of MLPclassifiers, no matter what kind of learning algorithms are exploited and what kind of activation functions are built into the hiddenneurons.
Key words: multilayer perceptron; fuzzy linear discriminant function; nonlinear activation function; LM learning algorithm; weightinitialization hypersphere

高光谱碘分子和双边缘多普勒测风激光雷达技术比较
郭金家，刘智深 *，孙大鹏，宋小全，朱金山
(中国海洋大学海洋遥感研究所，海洋遥感教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：对采用原子滤波器的激光雷达技术和双边缘技术的灵敏度和误差进行了详细的讨论。对于纯Rayleigh散射，双边缘系统的灵敏度高于基于碘分子的激光雷达系统，而对于RayeighMie混合信号，双边缘系统通过采用特殊工作点的办法，有效解决2种信号响应不同的问题；但同时该工作点的选取使得系统灵敏度降低，误差增加。对于后向散射比不是很大(<10)的情况下，误差可以控制在1m/s以内，完全可以满足测量要求，因此对于对流层顶部和平流层测风很适合。基于碘分子的激光雷达系统利用碘分子的高吸收性对RayleighMie信号有效的进行分离，并且灵敏度随着后向散射比的增加而增加，从而对底层大气的探测特别有利。
关键词：多普勒激光雷达；测风；双边缘技术； FabryPerot标准具；碘分子滤波器
中图法分类号： TN958.98 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-489-08

Comparison Between High Spectral Iodine Filter and
DoubleEdge Doppler Wind Lidar Techniques
GUO Jinjia, LIU Zhishen, SUN Dapeng, SONG Xiaoquan, ZHU Jinshan
(Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: This paper discusses parameters of double edge systems especially double edge systems working at a special point and lidar based on I 2 filter. For Rayleigh signals, double edge systems have a higher sensitivity. For RayleighMie mixture signals, a double edge system removes the effect of Mie signals by selecting a special working point and at this point Rayleigh and Mie signals have the same responsibility. However, the selection of this working point decreases the sensitivity and increases the measurement error. When the backscattering ratio is less than 10, the measurement error is smaller than 1m/s. Hence, it is fit for top troposphere and stratosphere wind measurements. Lidar based on iodine filter can separate Rayleigh and Mie signals by using the high absorption character of iodine, and its sensitivity increases with increasing backscattering ratio. It is powerful in low atmosphere wind measurements.
Key words: Doppler lidar; wind measurement; double edge technique; FabryPerot Etalon; I 2 filter

基于人工神经网络研究海水中叶绿素浓度的垂直分布
冯春晶，赵朝方
(中国海洋大学海洋遥感研究所海洋遥感教育部重点实验室，山东青岛 266003)

摘要：海水中叶绿素浓度的垂直分布可以用高斯函数近似拟合。目前卫星传感器只能测到透光层深度22%水体中的叶绿素浓度信息。为了寻找其高斯函数的4个参数(Bo，h，σ和Z)与卫星测得的海表面温度、表面叶绿素浓度之间的映射关系，本文使用6个输入的3层BP网络模拟这种复杂的映射关系。经过3 000个周期的训练，网络的计算结果和测试数据的相关系数分别为 Bo(0.476 1)，h(0.846 7)，σ(0.754 0)，Z(0.898 8)，表明了神经网络方法在确定叶绿素浓度垂直分布中的有效性。
关键词：人工神经网络；叶绿素浓度垂直分布；高斯参数
中图法分类号： TP183 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-497-09

Study of the Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in the Ocean
Based on Artificial Neural Networks
FENG Chunjing, ZHAO Chaofang
(Ocean Remote Sensing Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China, Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract： The vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration in the ocean can be described by using a shifted Gaussian function. Remote sensors provide information on the average chlorophyll concentration for the upper 22% of the euphotic zone. The complicated relationship between the four parameters (Bo,h,σ,Z) of Gaussian function and sea surface parameters (sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll concentration) derived from the satellite data is simulated by artificial neural networks (ANN).A threelayer feed forward backpropagation network is used to estimate the four parameters of Gaussian function. After 3000 training epochs, the correlation coefficients between the network calculation results and the test data are respectively Bo (0.476 1)，h(0.846 7)，σ(0.754 0)，Z(0.898 8). The results show that ANN method is a useful tool for estimating the vertical distribution of chlorophyll.
Key words: artificial neural network; vertical distribution of chlorophyll; Gaussian parameter

基于GIS的城市地下管线空间分析模型的建立与实现
韩勇 1， 2，陈戈 1，李海涛 1
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋遥感研究所，山东青岛 266003; 2. 青岛市勘察测绘研究院，山东青岛 266033)

摘要：为提高城市地下管线的管理水平，利用地理信息系统技术(GIS)的空间分析功能，首先在分析地下管线的的实体关系模型(ER模型)的基础上，根据GIS空间分析的特点，提出了基于空间分析的城市地下管线的数据库结构；其次，根据城市管线规划、管理和施工的需要，建立了城市地下管线的纵断面、横断面、最佳路径、地下管线三维分析等几种空间分析模型，并对各种模型的表示内容和实现方法进行了阐述.从而实现了城市地下管线的可视化和动态化管理。该模型在青岛市综合地下管线管理系统应用后，提高了青岛市的城市规划和管线管理水平，促进了各个专业管线管理单位信息化和数字化进程。
关键词：地下管线；空间分析； GIS
中图法分类号： TP274； X144 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-1574(2004)03-506-07

Construction and Implementation of GISBased Spatial Analysis
Models for Urban Underground Pipelines
HAN Yong 1，2, CHEN Ge 1， LI Haitao 1
(1. Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Qingdao Getechnical Investigation and Survey Institute, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: Urban underground pipeline (UUPL) is one of the important facilities in a city. It is a base for city existence and development, thus called the “urban vital line”. The trunk lines are mainly laid under the road, forming a threedimensional cross network underground, which is difficult to manage because of its high concentration and invisibility. The geographical information system (GIS) is now one of the most important modern technologies for efficient management of the UUPL in China. Spatial analysis is the kernel of the GIS. This paper discusses the application of spatial analysis in UUPL. Firstly, on the basis of the UUPL EntityRelation (ER) model, the database structure for UUPL spatial analysis is designed. Secondly, according to the demands of planning, management and construction of UUPL, several spatial analysis models, including the alongroad section model, the acrossroad section model, the best route analysis model and the virtual underground pipeline model, are constructed, the expression contents and implementation methods of these models are discussed. Finally, the above spatial analysis functions are implemented with the GIS, and are applied to the underground pipeline management information system of Qingdao.
Key words： underground pipeline; spatial analysis; GIS

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