2003年12月19日日本海极地低压个例的观测研究

　

郭敬天， 傅刚  

　

(中国海洋大学海洋气象系， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要：为进一步认识冬季灾害性天气，利用尽可能多的观测资料对20031219～20日在日本海北部发生的1个中α尺度的极地低压进行了研究，并对其时空结构进行了详细分析。该极地低压于19日11UTC在1个天气尺度的低压后部形成，20日08UTC消亡在日本以东洋面上，持续时间约为20h以上，卫星云图显示其成熟阶段出现了罕见的“双眼壁”结构。利用高分辨率的NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的FNL(Final Analyses)资料的分析发现，来自欧亚大陆的冷空气侵入到日本海上空相对暖的空气中并相互扭缠在一起，为极地低压的发展提供了有利的条件，在成熟阶段极地低压中心出现了“暖心”结构。
关键词：极地低压； 双眼壁； 中α尺度； 暖心结构
中图法分类号：P412.12      文献标识码：A     文章编号：1072-5174(2005)01-001-08

　

An Observational Study of a Polar Low over the Japan Sea on December 19, 2003

GUO Jingtian, FU Gang

(Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：The structure and evolutionary process of a mesoαscale polar low occurred over the Japan Sea on December 19 2003 were investigated by using almost all available observational data, including the GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)9, NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)17 satellite imagery, the FNL(Final Analyses) data issued by the NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction), the surface observational data for the Japan Islands, and the sounding data at Akita station. The polar low initiated over the northwestern part of the Japan Sea within asynopticscale parent low, and disappeared over the east of the Japan Islands with a lifetime of about 20h. It is of interest that two concentric “eye” walls associated with this polar low were found in satellite images at its most
mature stage. Also, a “warm core" structure of this polar low was found. The intertwinement of the cold air from the Asian continent and the warm air over the ocean with each other provided a favorable condition for the development of this polar low.
Key words:    polar low; concentric “eye-wall"; meso-α-scale; warm core structure

　

南海北部及巴士海峡附近的水团分析

田天1, 魏皓2,3 

(中国海洋大学 1. 环境科学与工程学院； 2. 教育部物理海洋重点实验室； 3. 物理海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为解释黑潮水进入南海的方式，通过对2002年5月29日～6月6日在南海及巴士海峡附近太平洋海域观测所得的资料进行水团分析，以四边形水团定量分析方法得到各水团在海区内的分布状况，同时分析了温度、盐度、密度和溶解氧的分布，并对在相同深度层次上的南海水和黑潮水性质进行了比较。观测海域的水团分为表层水团(SW)，次表层水团(SSW)，中层水团(IW)和深层水团(DW)，分别处于0～50m，50～300m，400～1 000m，1 000m以深。黑潮水进入南海，但是势力较弱，未能越过119.5°E深入南海。
关键词：水团； 黑潮； 四边形法； 巴士海峡； 南海
中图法分类号：P731.16    文献标识码：A     文章编号：1672-5174(2005)01-009-04

Analysis of Water Masses in the Northern South China Sea and B ashi Channel

TIAN Tian1， WEI Hao2,3

(Ocean University of China, 1. College of Environment Science and Engineering；

2. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography of Education Ministry，Institute of Physical Oceanography；

3. Institute of Physical Oceanography, Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract:The data observed from March 29， 2002 to June 6， 2002 with regard to the water masses in the northern South China Sea and Bashi Channel were analyzed with the quadrangle method. The distributions of temperature, salinity, density and dissolved oxygen were also analyzed. The properties of the South China Sea waters and the Kuroshio waters at the same depths were also compared. The waters in this area can be divided into four water masses: the Surface Water Mass(SW), the Subsurface Water Mass(SSW), the Intermediate Water Mass(IW) and the Deep Water Mass(DW). They are located respectively at the depths from 0m to 50m, 50m to 300m, 500m to 1 000m and below 1 000m. The Kuroshio water intruded into the South China Sea, but no Kuroshio water passed 119.5°E in th
e investigation period.
Key words:water mass； Kuroshio； quadrangle method； Bashi Channel； South China Sea

　

山东夏季气温年际变化形成的气候特征

于 群

(1. 山东省气象中心， 山东 济南 250031； 2. 中国海洋大学海洋环境 学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为研究本地区短期气候预测方法，利用山东80个代表 站夏季平均气温、降 水量资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料(1961～2001年)，分析了夏季平均气温年际变化的 气 候特征、冷暖夏的环流形势及夏季风与气温的关系。结果表明：EOF第一模态几乎反映了整 个温度场的时空变化特征；夏季气温标准化距平年际变化显著，有弱线性增温趋势；极端冷 、暖夏大气环流形势差异明显，显著差异区在亚欧北太平洋地区，冷夏年中高纬度欧亚大 陆存在正欧亚—太平洋(EUP)型遥相关，东亚地区有负太平洋—日本(PJ)型波列，暖夏年反 之。东亚夏季风强弱与山东夏季气温关系密切，强(弱)夏季风时，易造成山东暖(冷)夏；同 期降水对气温有负反馈，对气温升高有一定的抑制作用。

关键词：山东； 夏季气温； 年际变化； 大气环流异常

中图法分类号：P461      文献标识码：A       文章编号：1672-5174(2005)-01-013-07

Interannual Variation Characteristics of Temperature During Summer in Shandong Province

YU Qun1,2

(1. Shandong Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031, China；2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003 ,China)

Abstract:Based on the monthly average reanalysis data on general circulation from the NCEP/NCAR (1961～1998) and the summertime average air temperature and 117 precipitation data for 41 years (1961～2001) from eighty
meteorological stations in Shandong Province, the interannual variation characteristics of temperature during summer is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: The first EOF eigenvector has almost shown all the variation characteristics of the temperature field. The interannual fluctuations are remarkable, with a weak linear increase. There are marked differences in summertime general circulation between the warmer and cold
er years. The region of marked difference lies in Eurasia and the North Pacific. In summers with negative temperature anomalies there is a positive EuropePacific (EUP) telecorrelation pattern in the midhigh latitudes over Eurasia and anegative PacificJapan (PJ) wavetrain in East Asia. The situation is reversed
in summers with positive temperature anomalies. This indicates that the summertime interannual variation in Shandong Province is not a local phenomena, but is the result of large scale general circulation anomalies causing large range temperature anomalies. In addition, the analyses results also show that the East Asia
summer monsoon is closely related to summertime temperatures, and a stronger (weaker) summer monsoon causes a warmer (colder) summer in Shandong Province. Precipitation in the same period has a negative feedback to summertime temperatures.
Key words:Shandong Province; summertime air temperat ures; interannual variation; general circulation anomaly


鱼类自然死亡率的估算及其影响因子的探讨


王迎宾， 刘群


(中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为探讨鱼类自然死亡率参数，文中讨论了1种通过资源量和渔获量数据估算鱼类自然死亡率(M)的方法。蒙特卡罗模拟分析显示当资源量的白色噪音，即变异系数(CV)水平小于大约10%时自然死亡率的估计值基本上是准确的；捕捞死亡率的变化对自然死亡率估计的影响不大 。文中构造了长寿命自然死亡率小和短寿命自然死亡率大的2个鱼类种群，模拟结果表明这种方法更适用于寿命短而自然死亡率大的种群。另外该方法在黄海NB021鱼(Engraulis japonicus)渔业数据上的应用同样得到了良好的结果。
关键词：自然死亡率； 资源量； 渔获量

中图法分类号：S931     文献标识码： A     文章编号：1672-5174(2005)01-020-05


Estimating Natural Mortality from Stock Size and Catch Data

WANG Yingbin， LIU Qun

(College of Fishery， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract：This paper presents a method to calculate natural mortality (M) from stock size and catch data. Monte Carlo simulation analysis showed that when white noise sounds (CV) of stock size are less than about 10% the estimated natural mortalities are mostly reliable. The estimated natural mortality was not sensitive to fishing mortality. Two species, one being long lived with low natural mortality and the othe shortlived with high natural mortality, were generated. The simulated results indicate that the method performed better for species with high Ms than those with low Ms. This method was also applied to the published data of the Yellow Sea anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) fishery and obtained viable results.

Key words：natural mortality rate； stock size； catch


对黄、渤海鱼类等级多样性的推算

徐宾铎1，2， 金显仕2， 梁振林1

(1. 中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室， 黄海水产研究所， 山东 青岛 266071)

摘要：为给不同取样地点或时期鱼类群落多样性的比 较提供基础资料，根据20世纪80年代以来的黄、渤海底拖网调查，并综合迄今为止的鱼类分 类学研究，系统地更新了黄、渤海鱼类组成名录，并计算了其等级多样性特征。结果表明， 黄、渤海有鱼类379种，隶属于264属，129科，36目，3纲。其中软骨鱼类12目，24科，50种；硬骨鱼类23目，104科，328种。根据黄、渤海鱼类总名录，计算了其等级多样性指数(Δ +)和分类差异变异指数(Λ+)的理论平均值及95%置信漏斗曲线，其中等级多样性指数( Δ+)的理论平均值为77.7。

关键词：黄、渤海； 鱼类组成； 等级多样性

中图法分类号：S922.9; S932.4    文献标识码：A    文章编号：1672-5174(2005)01-025-04


Calculation of Hierarchical Diversity of Fish in the Huanghai and Bohai Seas

XU Binduo1,2， JIN Xianshi2, LIANG Zhenlin1

(1. College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2 Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract:Based on the bottom trawl surveys conducted since the1980's, combined with previous studies, the recorded fish composition in the Huanghai and Bohai Seas was updated, and its hierarchical diversity was analyzed. The results show that there are 3 classes, 36 orders, 129 families, 264 genera and 379 species of fishes heretofore recorded in the Huanghai and Bohai Seas. The cartilaginous fishes are composed of 12 orders, 24 families and 50 species, and the bony fishes comprise 23 orders, 104 families and 328 species. The funnel plots with 95% confidence limits for both average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) of the Huanghai and Bohai Sea fish masterlist were established, and the average taxonomic distinctness (S+) is 77.7.

Key words:   the Huanghai and Bohai Seas; fish composition; hierarchical diversity
　

紫外线诱导太平洋牡蛎雄核发育的研究

袁媛， 李琪 ， 于瑞海， 于红

（中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：为诱导太平洋牡蛎雄核发育单倍体，本文研究利用紫外线诱导太 平洋牡蛎雄核发育的条件。结果表明：在强度为2.8mW·cm-2·s-1的紫外线(254nm)下分别照射0，10，15，20，25 ，30，35，40，50，60，70和80s后，照射30s的卵子能够保持较高的受精率(73.5%)；该处理组 的D形幼虫发生率为0。染色体检查结果显示此时单倍体率最高(47.8%)。证明在强度 为2.8mW·cm-2·s-1的紫外线下照射30s是获得雄核发育单倍体的适宜条 件。 研究还表明受精率和D形幼虫发生率随照射时间的增加而下降，遗传失活的卵子与正常精子 受精后其胚胎发育至D形幼虫前期停止。实验中各处理组均出现非整倍体。原因可能由于紫 外线对卵子染色体遗传失活的作用程度不同以及光线对DNA的修复作用。

关键词：太平洋牡蛎； 紫外线照射； 雄核发育； 遗传失活

中图法分类号：S968.3； Q132.1+3文献 标识码：A文章编号：1672-5174(2005)01-029-04

Studies on the Induction of Androgenesis in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas by Ultraviolet Irradiation

YUAN Yuan, LI Qi, YU Ruihai, YU Hong

(The Key Lab of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：Effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on genetic inactivation of eggs were examined in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In this experiment egg suspension was treated with the UV light (254 nm, intensity 2.8 mW·cm-2·s-1) for 0,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,50,60,70 or 80s. The results showed that when the eggs were irradiated for 30s and mixed with normal sperm, the fertilization rate was relatively high (73.5%) and the developmental rate became zero. The results of chromosome observation showed that under this condition the rate of haploid was the highest (47.8%). This result indicated that irradiation for 30s at UV intensity 2.8mW·cm-2·s-1 was the optimum dose to achieve haploid androgenesis. The rates of the fertilization and the development of D shaped larvae decreased with increasing irradiation time, and the development of the genetically inactivated eggs fertilized with the normal sperm terminated before reaching the Dshaped stage. Aneuploids were found in this study. Occurrence of these aneuploids is probably attributed to different degrees of maternal
chromosomal inactivation by UV irradiation and/or DNA repair.

Key words:   Crassostrea gigas;  ultraviolet irradiation;  androgenesis;  genetic inactivation


海洋微生物抗肿瘤活性菌株的分级组合筛选

韩小贤1， 崔承彬1,2, 刘红兵1， 朱天骄1， 顾谦群1， 李冬1，温江妮1

(1. 中国海洋大学 海洋药物教育部重点实验室，山东省海洋药物重点 实验室，海洋药物与食品研究所， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所， 北京 100850)

摘要：为探索如何快速获取活性菌株的筛选模式，组合使用海 虾生物致死法和tsFT210细胞的流式 细胞术筛选模型，对从青岛前海和胶州湾潮间带海泥、动植物样品中分离的162株海洋微生物，进行了抗肿瘤活性的分级组合筛选。经海虾生物致死法一级初筛，得到活性菌株58株(LC50<500μg/mL)，阳性率为35.8%。对初筛有效的58株菌利用流式细胞术筛选模型进行二级复筛，得到对tsFT210细胞有各 种活性的活性菌株共25株，阳性率为复筛菌株数的43.1%、初筛菌株总数的15.4%，其中，诱 发细胞坏死伴有凋亡诱导活性的菌株7株(占总菌株的4.3%)，具有细胞周期抑制活性的菌 株18株(占总菌株的11.1%)。该分级组合筛选模式与流式细胞术筛选模型的单独筛选模式 相比，无漏筛，具有成本低、速度快、宜于大规模筛选等特点。

关键词：海洋微生物； 分级组合筛选； 筛选模型； 抗肿瘤； tsFT210； 海虾； 细胞周期； 细胞凋亡； 细胞毒

中图法分类号：R282.77文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0103805

Screening of MarineDerived Microbial Strains by Comb ination of Bioassays Using Brine Shrimp and Mammalian Cancer Cells
HAN Xiaoxian1, CUI Chengbin1，2, LIU Hongbing1, ZHU Tianjiao1, GU Qianqun1, LI Dong1, WEN Jiangni1
(1. Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Shangdong Province; Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Beijing Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, AMMS, Beijing 100850, China)

Abstract:In the present study, a gradatedcombinatorial screening for antitumoractive microbial strains was carried out by the gradated combination of a 96well plate lethality bioassay using brine shrimp and a fl
ow cytometric bioassay using mouse tsFT210 cells. At the first step, 162 strains of marinederived microbes, isolated from marine samples collected at QingdaoOffing and Jiaozhou Bay, were first screened by Brine Shrimp Lethality assay to obtain 58 strains showing lethiferous activity on brine shrimp, which were 35.8%
of the total 162 strains tested. At the second step, 58 strains were subjected to the flow cytometric second screening using mouse tsFT210 cells and a total of 25 strains were found to show antitumor activities on the tsFT210 cells, which accounted for 43.1% of the 58 strains and 15.4% of the total 162 strains, respectively. Among them, 7 trains(4.3% of the total 162 strains) showed mainly necrotic cytotoxicity, accompanying apoptosisinducing activity, and 18 strains (11.1% of the total) showed call inhibitory activity, which coincided with the results of direct screening of 162 strains by the flow cytometric bioassay using tsFT21
0 cells. The present study provides a practical gradatedcombinatorial screening approach for largescale speedyscreening of cell cycle inhibitory, apoptosisinducing and/or cytotoxic microbial strains effective on mammalian cancer cells.

Key words：marinederived microorganisms; gradatedcombinatorial screening; bioassay; antitumor; tsFT210; brine shrimp; cell cycle ; apoptosis; cytotoxicity
　

非规则三角网格有限差分法地震正演模拟

褚春雷， 王修田

(中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：针对有限差分方法在地震正演模拟中的广泛应用，提 出了1种基于三角形网格的地震正演模拟差分算法。相对于矩形网格差分法 而言，该方法可以更为精确地描述弯曲的速度界面，可直接用于起伏地表模型的正演模拟计 算 而无需对模型做特殊处理。由于空间步长可随速度的变化而改变，加之在递推计算中采用了 显式差分算法，该方法可视为对传统的规则网格有限差分法的有效改进。数值模拟的结果表 明该方法是稳定、精确的且具有较高的计算效率。

关键词：有限差分法； 三角形网格； 地震正演模拟； 起伏地 表

中图法分类号：P315.0文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0104306
　

Seismic Modeling with a FiniteDifference Method on Irregular Triangular Grids

CHU Chunlei, WANG Xiutian

(College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：A finitedifference seismic modeling methodbased on triangular grids is presented. Compared with the conventional finitedifference schemes based on rectangular grids, curved velocity boundaries can bemore accurately represented by using the new approach. Models with an irregular earth surface can be directly used for seismic modeling without special processing. As the space steps can be varied with velocities and the explicit finitedifference scheme is used for calculation, the method is an effective improvement over the conventional finitedifference methods. Numerical tests demonstrate that this new method is stable, efficient and sufficiently accurate.

Key words：finitedifference; triangular grid; seismic modeling; irregular earth surface
　

受扰线性系统的前馈反馈最优控制

唐功友， 张颖璐

(中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学院， 山东 青岛 266071)

摘要：针对具有外部持续扰动的线性系统，研究前馈反馈最优控制律的 设计问题。给出了最优控制律的存在唯一性条件，并提出了最优控制律的设计算法。利用滤 波器解决了前馈控制的物理不可实现问题。仿真结果表明，此算法易于实现，与传统的反馈
最优控制相比对抑制外部扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。

关键词：线性定常系统； 持续扰动； 前馈反馈控制； 最优 控制

中图法分类号：TP13   文献标识码：A    文章编号：16725174(2005)0112104


Feedforward and Feedback Optimal Control for Linear Systems with Persistent Disturbances

TANG Gongyou， ZHANG Yinglu

(College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：The design problem of a feedforward and feedback optimal control law is studied for linear systems affected by additive persistent disturbances. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of the optimal con
trol law is given and an algorithm of solving the optimal control law is proposed. By using a filter the physically unrealizable problem of the feedforward control is realized. Simulation results show that the algorithm is easy to realize and, compared with the classical feedback optimal control law, is robust with respect to external disturbances.

Key words：linear systems; persistent disturbances; feedforward and feedback control; optimal control

　

青藏高原羌塘盆地晚侏罗世索瓦期沉积特征研究

王兴涛1，2， 翟世奎1， 柳彬德3， 薛刚1， 孙革1， 周书欣4

（1. 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 山东省威海市海洋与渔业局 山东 威海 264200；
3. 东北大学秦皇岛分校经济管理系， 河北 秦皇岛 066004； 4. 大庆石油学院秦皇岛分院， 河北 秦皇岛 066004）

摘要：为推进我国石油工业发展丰富石油地质理论 ，根据野外露头及 室内分析化验资料，建立8种相标志，识别出索瓦期沉积相类型有：台地相、台地边缘相、 盆地相和海陆过渡相、湖泊相。受北部拉竹龙金沙江缝合带、中央隆起带和南部班公湖
怒 江缝合带的影响，沉积相呈近东西向展布，具南北分带的特点。文章分析了索瓦期的沉积特 征，总结了该期的沉积模式。根据研究区的生物特征和沉积特征，推断当时气候是温暖、半 干旱的。综合分析认为，索瓦组是羌塘盆地很有潜力的油气勘探目的层，其与上覆雪山组地 层可构成有利的含油气组合；而双湖多涌地区是首选的含油气有利区带。

关键词：青藏高原； 羌塘盆地； 索瓦期； 沉积特征

中图法分类号：P736.21文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)01049  08

Research on Depositional Features of Qiangtang Basin, QinghaiTibet Plateau During the Suowa Stage in the LateJurassic

WANG Xingtao1，2, ZHAI Shikui3， LIU Binde3， XUE Gang1， SUN Ge1， ZHOU Shuxin4

(1. College of Marine Geoscience, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
2. Weihai Marine and Fishery Bureau, Weihai 264200, China;3. Economic Administration Department of Qinhuangdao Institute, NorthEast University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China;4. Qinhuangdao Branch, Daqing Petroleum Institute, Qinhuangdao 066004, China)

Abstract：The second largest scale transgression in the Mesozoic occured during the Suowa Stage in the Qiangtang Basin in the QinghaiTibet Plateau after the Buqu Stage. The transgression is in a northward direction. The whole basin was mainly filled with carbonate rocks. Field outcrops and indoor data analysis revealed 8 kinds of sedimentary facies marks fit for this region; and then 5 types of sedimentary facies were recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, basin facies, transitional facies and lake facies. Influenced by the northern LazhulongJinshajiang suture zone, Central uplift region and the southern BangonghuNujiang suture zone, facies belts extend east to the west. The depositional model was established based on observed deposition features. According to biologic features and sedimentary characteristics, it is deduced that the weather was warm and semiarid during the Suowa Stage. ShuanghuDuoyong district formed a set of good Sourcereservoircap assemblage of oil and gas, and can be the most promising target for oil and gas exploration in the future.

Key words：QinghaiTibet Plateau; Qiangtang Basin; Suowa Stage; depositional feature


风暴期间黄河水下三角洲波浪变形

赵东波1， 李广雪1， 魏合龙2， 孙映涛1

(1. 中国海洋大学海底资源与探测技术山东省重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 青岛海洋地质研究所， 山东 青岛266071)

摘要：为确定适用黄河三角洲的波动理论，对黄河 三角洲风暴期间及前后波浪连续观测 资料进行了处理，将其投在komar波浪理论分区图中后，分析了风暴期间黄河水下三角洲波 浪的波形特征，发现站位所在地适合的波浪理论主要为艾里波和斯托克斯波，风暴期间波 浪变形，还存在少量超过极限波陡线的波浪，通过比较常见的极限波陡线，看出Miche曲线 比较适合该研究区。

关键词：黄河三角洲； 风暴； 波浪变形； 极限波陡

中图法分类号：P731.22   文献标识码：A    文章编号：16725174(2005)01057 05


Wave Transformation in the Yellow River Delta During Storms


ZHAO Dongbo1， LI Guangxue1,2， WEI Helong3， SUN Yingtao1

(1. Shandong Key Lab of Sea Floor Resourses and Exploring Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology , Qingdao 266071, China )

Abstract：We processed the field wave data from the Yellow River Delta during storms, then analyzed the characteristics of the waves according to Komars wave theory, and found that 44% waves without breaking were beyond limit wave steepness and the Goda line. A formula for limit wave steepnessfor the Yellow River Delta was found by reworking the Goda formula, which is important to the study of wave transformation and transport of sand.

Key words：Yellow River Delta; storm; wave transformation; limit wave steepness


河南省黄河流域黄土的发育特征及其古气候环境分析

李永乐1, 郑西来2, 林国庆2

(1. 华北水利水电学院， 河南 郑州 450011； 2. 中国海洋大学，山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为防治黄土土壤侵蚀和治理黄河， 本文根据磁性地层学、年代地层学(热释光法)，并结合岩石地层学，生 物地层学和气候地层学等方法，对河南省黄河流域广泛分布的陆沉积黄土进行分析。将区内 黄土划分为上更新统黄土(Qeol3)、中更新 统黄土(Qeol2)、下更新统黄土(Qeol1)。研究结果表明，不同时期的黄土 ，其岩性、结构、古地磁特性以及古土壤层数等有明显的差异。此外，不同时期黄土所含的 植物孢粉组合特征亦不相同，从而反映了更新世冷暖交替的古气候环境特征。

关键词：黄土地层； 更新世； 古气候； 环境

中图法分类号：X141；P532文献标识码 ：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0106205

Growth Features and Analysis of Geological Climate Environment of Loess Stratum of West Henan Province

LI Yongle1， ZHENG Xilai2， LIN Guoqing2

(1. North China Institute of Water Conservancy & Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 450008, China; 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract:Continental deposit loess distributed in henan Province far and wide. It has typical sequence feature of loess and paleosol. makes the division and the contrast of the loess stratum each other in this area by
several methods which are magnetostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, petrotratigraphy, biostratigraphy(thermoluminescence) and climatestratigraphy. It was divided top of Pleistocene series(Qeol3)，medium of Pleistocene series(Qeol2)，underpart of Pleistocene series(Qeol1).different of period loess have different of composition，structure, characteristic of paleomagnetism and how many layers of paleosol. different of period loess have different of composition properties of the plant pollen fossil. Whereby it reflect geological climate environment features of alternate cold and heat of Pleistocene.

Key words:loess strata; Pleistocene; geological climate; environment


白沙河流域地下水及营养盐向海湾输送

朱新军， 刘贯群， 王淑英， 向勇

(中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003)


摘要：根据白沙河流域自然地理和水文地质特征，在大量室内外 试验的基础上分别运用水量均衡法、断面法和咸淡水界面法，估算了白沙河流域地下水向海 湾的输送水量及营养盐输送量。3种方法估算的结果表明，白沙河流域地下水向海湾输送量较大且受降雨影响显著，丰水年(1998年)地下水入海量高达2.2×106m3，是枯水年(1992年)入海量的2倍。另外，农田灌溉及大气降雨淋滤土壤中所施肥料使该区地下水中营养盐 浓度(尤其是硝酸盐氮浓度)严重超过了饮用水水质标准，每年有(4～11)×106mol硝酸盐 氮随地下水入海，相比之下，可溶性二氧化硅含量稳定，氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总磷含量较低 ，排海量较少。

关键词：白沙河流域； 地下水； 营养盐； 入海量

中图法分类号：X143文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0106706


Estimation of Groundwater and Nutrients Flux from Baisha Watershed into Jiaozhou Bay

ZHU Xinjun， LIU Guanqun， WANG Shuying， XIANG Yong

(College of Environmental Sciences & Engineering,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract:The groundwater and nutrients discharge from the Baisha Watershed is estimated by the water quantity equilibrium method, the section method and the saltfresh water interface method based on the physiogeographica
nd hydrogeologic conditions and a great many outdoor and indoor experiments. The results from these methods indicate that the quantity of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) from the Baisha Watershed is huge, and is significantly influenced by precipitation.The SGD was 2.2×106m3 in a wet year (1998), which was two times as much as that in a drought year(1992). The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the groundwater of this area cannot meet the drinking water standards, which is due to the lixiviation of fertilizers through irrigation and precipitation. The quantity of nitrate nitrogen flowing into Jiao Zhou Bay is (4～11)× 106mol annually. The concentration of soluble silicon dioxide is steady. The concentrations of amino nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphate are low and their quantities discharged into the Bay are small.

Key words:Baisha watershed； groundwater； nutrients; discharge into sea

　

具有单向强耦合的时滞大系统的稳定性

曲镜如， 高存臣

(中国海洋大学数学系山东 青岛 266071)

摘要：针对具有单向强耦合的时滞大系统，通过构 造Lyapunov泛函，并采用部分分解法，给出了判定系统一致渐近稳定的充分条件。与传 统的 分解等价法相比，该方法扩大了单方向关联项的界限，并可通过参数的选取扩大时滞界 限，结论易于验证，具有实际应用价值。

关键词：时滞大系统; 部分分解法; Lyapunov泛函; 线性矩阵不等式(LMI)

中图法分类号：TP27文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0107303
　

Stability of LargeScale TimeDelay Systems with Unidirectional Strong Coupling

QU Jingru， GAO Cunchen

(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：For a largescale timedelay system with unidirectional strong coupling, by making a Lyapunov functional and using the partial decomposition method, a sufficient condition is obtained for the uniform asym
ptotical stability of the system. Compared with the equivalence method of Lyapunov decomposition, the method of this paper extends the range of unidirectional interconnected items and the range of delay can be widened by selecting the value of a parameter. Furthermore, the conclusion of this paper is easy to verify.
Key words：largescale timedelay system; partialdecomposition method; Lyapunov functional; linear matrix inequality(LMI)

AMS Subject Classification：34K20


臭氧氧化分解污泥的试验研究

王琳， 孙德栋

(中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要： 臭氧氧化能有效地分解污泥， 为对臭氧氧化后污泥性质的变化进行系统的研究， 本文采用接触反应柱对污泥在臭氧氧化过程中性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明，在臭氧投量为0.1gO3/gSS时，污泥中的溶解性COD浓度从256mg/L增加到2 126mg/L，污泥沉降速度由初始的0.19cm/min增至1.43cm/min，滤饼的含水率由初始的76.6%降至70.6%。臭氧氧化后污泥絮体被 分解，产生大量悬浮粒子，使污泥上清液的浊度和悬浮物浓度增加。臭氧氧化处理后污泥的 过滤性能恶化，污泥比阻增大。

关键词：臭氧氧化； 污泥分解； 脱水性能； 比阻

中图法分类号：X703文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0108304


The Study on Sludge Ozonation

WANG Lin, SUN Dedong

(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)

Abstract：Ozonation can disperse sludge effectively; therefore a lab scale study on sludge ozonation is carried out in a contact reaction column. The results indicated that at 0.1gO3/gSS of ozone addition, the soluble COD increased from 256mg/l to 2 126mg/L and the ZSV(Zone settling velocity) increased from 0.19cm/min to 1.43cm/min; the moisture content of cake decreased from 76.6% to 70.6%. The sludge flocs were dispersed after ozonation and a large amount of suspended microparticles were produced simultaneously, the turbidity and the concentration of suspended solids increased in the supernatant. The filterability of sludge deteriorated after ozonation and the SRF(specific resistance to filtration) of sludge increased.

Key words:ozonation; sludge disintegration; dewaterability ; specific resistance
　


硝化膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的研究

高孟春1,2， 杨敏1， 李红岩1， 汪严明1

（1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 10008； 2. 中国海洋大学 环境科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：为充分考察膜生物反应器的硝化性能，采用活性污泥比消化速率， 对膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的硝化性能进行了研究。结果表 明：在容积负荷1.096kg NH+4-N/(m3·d)的条件下，硝化性能稳定，氨氮转化为硝酸 盐氮的 转化率可达99％; 亚硝化菌和硝化菌在活性污泥中占优势, 系统中出现了胞外多聚物和可溶 性微生物产物的积累。

关键词：膜生物反应器； 氨氮； 废水； 亚硝化菌； 硝化菌 ； 胞外多聚物

中图法分类号：X172文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0108704


Study on a NitrificationMembrane Bioreactor for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Ammonia Nitrogen

GAO Mengchun1,2， YANG Min1， LI Hongyan1， WANG Yanming1

(1. Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China； 2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：In this work, the nitrification performance was studied in a membrane bioreactor for the treatment of wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen. The conversion rate of nitrate was above 99% under the volumetric loading rate of ammonianitrogen 1.096kg NH+4-N/(m3·d), and the nitrification performance was very stable. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial product were accumulated in the membrane bioreactor. Nitrite bacteria and nitrate bacteria were prominent in the community.

Key words：membrane bioreactor; ammonia nitrogen; wastewater; nitrite bacteria; nitrate bacteria; EPS



污水污泥对染料废水的吸附脱色性能研究

李桂芳， 孟范平

（中国海洋大学环境生态系， 山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：为探讨污泥的资源化利用和开发新型的染料废水吸附剂，在对 污水污泥吸附处理染料废水的工艺条件进行优化的基础上，得 到污水污泥对3种染料（中性橙、中性黑BL，元青）的最大吸附量及其吸附类型。结果表明 ，污泥焙烧温度、废水pH值和吸附时间对吸附效果有影响，而废水温度的变化则不会引起脱 色率的较大改变。在最佳工艺条件（污泥经400℃焙烧，废水pH值为1，吸附时间为30min， 水温为30℃）下，3种染料废水的脱色率均达到98%，其最大吸附量都在29mg·g-1左 右，与活性炭的效果相当
，而高于其它种类的吸附剂。焙烧后的污泥对中性黑BL的吸附符合Langmuir方程，对中性橙 和元青的吸附符合Henry方程。焙烧污泥的优良脱色性能使其在染料废水处理方面具有较好 的应用前景。

关键词：污水污泥； 染料； 废水； 吸附

中图法分类号：X172文献标识码 ：A文章编号：16725174(2005)01091 04


A Study on Dye Adsorption by Sewage Sludge in Dye Waste water

LI Guifang, MENG Fanping

(Department of Environment & Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：On the basis of optimizing the operation conditions for dye adsorption by sewage sludge in dye wastewater, the maximum capacity and the adsorption patterns for sewage sludge adsorbing 3 kinds of dye, Neutral Black BL(NBBL), Neutral Orange(NO) and Acid Black(AB), were studied. It was shown that, the percent removal of dyes in wastewater depended not only on the temperature at which the sewage sludge was baked, but also on the pH of wastewater and the absorbent time. However, the change in wastewater temperature was somewhat less effective. The optimal operation conditions were found to be as follows: the sewage sludge was baked at 400℃ as an absorbent, the pH value and temperature of the wastewater were 1.0 and 30℃, respectively, and the adsorption time was 30min. A maximum adsorption of dyes of about 29mg·g-1 by sewage sludge could beobtained under the optimal conditions mentioned above, with a percentage colorremoval of 98% in wastewater. This removal was higher than that of other absorbents and close to that of active charcoal. The pattern for sewage sludge adsorbing NB
BL fits well to the Langmuir Equation; whereas, the other two dyes were adsorbed based on the Henry Equation. The excellent decolor ability of sewage sludge made it possible to be applied extensively in dye wastewater treatment.

Key words：sewage sludge; dye; wastewater; adsorption
　


工厂化鱼类养殖智能系统的研究

宋协法， 杨龙， 宋业（中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛266003）

摘要:为保证鱼类生长的环境始终处于最佳状态，作者根据狼鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)的生 理特点（耗氧率、氮的排泄率等）建立数学模型，并设计在工厂化水产养殖中采用生物转盘 、臭氧（紫外线）消毒器等设备，构建在Windows 2000+Visual Basic 6.0下运行的环境调 控软件包系统，通过计算机技术确定养殖污水处理设备（生物转盘）及增氧、消毒设备的数 量及规格，将养殖环境控制在最佳状态。

关键词：工厂化水产养殖； 养殖污水； 智能化软件； 生物转 盘

中图法分类号：S959文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0109506


Study on an Intellectualized System of Fish Culture in Ponds


SONG Xiefa, YANG Long, SONG Yeyao

(College of Fisheries ,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

Abstract：Based on the physiological characters of sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax) (the oxygen consumption rate, nitrogen excretion rate. etc.) , this paper establishes a mathematic model in which rotating biological contacto
rs and ozone (ultraviolet irradiation) disinfection facilities are used during fish culture. A software package written in Visual Basic 6.0 Professional and operating under Windows 2000 is used to help users to determine the quantity and specifications of wastewater treatment equipment, oxygen supply and disinfection facilities, so that an optimal environment for fish growth can be realized.

Key words:aquaculture plant; aquaculture water; intellectualized software; rotating biological contactors
　


UVB辐射对3种海洋微藻的种间竞争性平衡的影响

于娟1， 唐学玺1， 田继远1，2， 张培玉1，3 ， 蔡恒江1

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛啤酒二厂， 山东 青岛 266100； 3. 曲阜师范大学生物系， 山东 曲阜 273165)

摘要：为探讨UVB辐射对海洋生态系统的影响，研究了短期（2d）UVB 辐射对金藻8701、小新月菱形藻和亚心形 扁藻3种藻单养的敏感性比较以及长期（21d）UVB辐射对3种藻混养的种间竞争性平衡的影 响。实验表明，（1） UVB条件下，单养和混养情况下，最敏感的藻是金藻8701，小新月菱形藻次之，亚心形扁藻最不敏感； （2） 增强的UVB为对UVB具有高耐受力的亚心形扁藻提供了竞争优势，使种间竞争平衡向着有利于亚心形扁藻的方向发展，到第21天，UVB辐射（2.88J/m2 ，5.76J/m2）的处理组中，亚心形扁藻成为优势种。

关键词：UVB增强； 海洋微藻； 种间竞争

中图法分类号：X173； Q178.53文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0110805


Effects of UVB Radiation on Competitive Balance of Three Species of Marine Microalgae

YU Juan1, TANG Xuexi1, TIAN Jiyuan1,2， ZHANG Peiyu1,3, CAI Hengjiang1

（1. College of Marine Life Science，Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Qingdao Brewery No. 2， Qingdao 266100, China； 3 . Biology Department, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China）

Abstract：The sensitivity of shortterm (2d) UVB radiation on solitary cultivated three species of marine microalgae and the effects of longterm (21d) UVB radiation on competitive balance of mixed cultivated t
hree species of marine microalgae are examined in this experiment. Under the condition of solitary cultivation， in shortterm(2d) UVB radiation, the most sensitive algae of the three species of microalgae is
Isochrysis galbama park 8701, the less is Nitzschia clostertium, the lastest is Platymonas subcordiformis.
Under the condition of mixed cultivation, the total biomass of three species of microalgae under the UVB dosage of 2.88J/m2, 5.76J/m2 is greatly reduced, and the community structure changes also. The experiment shows that the sensitivity of UVB radiation on three species of microalgae is Isochrysis galbama park 8701＞Nitzschia clostertium＞Platymonas subcordiformis. Algal interspecific competition changes greatly during the experiment. When UVB radiation dosage is at a level of 0J/m2, the dominant algae changes from Isochrysis galbama park 8701 to Nitzschia clostertium. When UVB radiation is at a level of 2.88J/m2, the dominant algae changes from Isochrysis galbama park 8701 to Nitzschia clostertium, then changes from Nitzschia clostertium to Platymonas subcordiformis. When UVB radiation dosage is at a level of 5.76J/m2, the dominant algae changes from Isochrysis galbama park 8701 to Platymonassubcordiformis. So enhanced UVB radiation provide competitive dominance for Platymonas subcordiformis, which has high tolerance to UVB, and in general, the effect of UVB is in favor of Platymonas subcordiformis. On the 21st day, in the treated groups of UVB radiation(2.88J/m2,5.76J/m2), Platymonas subcordiformis becomes the dominant algae.

Key words：UVB radiation; marine microalgae; interspecific competition



甲壳胺寡糖的液相色谱及薄层层析分析

房子， 刘万顺 ,位晓娟， 韩宝芹

(中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003)


摘要：为了解低分子甲壳胺多糖的抗肿瘤辅助疗效，作者利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)结合薄层色谱法(TLC)，探讨了SUGARK
S802寡糖分析柱分析甲壳胺寡糖的条件，并尝试了几种薄层层析展开剂对甲壳胺寡糖组分 的展层条件。结果表明，在HPLC流动相为0.001mol/L NaOH溶液，流速0.2mL/min时，可将混 合的标准甲壳胺寡糖成分很好地分离；采用乙酸乙脂∶甲醇∶水∶氨水=5∶9∶1∶1.5混合 液作为硅胶薄板展开剂时，可将不同聚合度的甲壳胺寡糖很好地分开，且层析重现性高，糖 残基数目和Rf值具有很好的线性关系。2种分析方法结合可以作为1种可靠的甲壳胺寡糖分 析方法。

关键词：HPLC； TLC； 甲壳胺寡糖

中图法分类号：Q178.5； Q532+.9文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0111303

The Separation of ChitoOligosaccharides by HPLC with TLC

FANG Zi, LIU Wanshun， WEI Xiaojuan, HAN Baoqin

(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：The standard chitosanoligosaccharides were separated by using a novel SUGARKS802 column and TLC methods. The optimal solvent system and HPLC conditions were found. Chitosanoligosaccharides can be easily separated by using the SUGARKS 802 column under the condition of 0.001mol/L NaOH at 0.2mL/min, and chitosanoligosaccharides ranging from dp1 to dp6 can be clearly separated with TLC using ethyl acetat
e/methano/water/ammonia water in 5/9/1/1.5 as developing system.The combination of HPLC and TLC analysis is a reliable method for the analysis and separation of chitosanoligosaccharides.

Key words：HPLC； TLC(thinlayer chromatograph)； chitooligosaccharide

　

SOM拓扑保序机理的模拟弹性力分析

冯天瑾， 马琳涛， 丁香乾

中国海洋大学信息工程中心, 山东 青岛 266071

摘要：针对SOM内在原理和基本特性中一些未解决的重要 问题，定义了输出阵列上神经元i承受的、正比于模式向量及权 向量之间距离的2种模拟弹性力：输入模式向量对胜者i的拉力，以及阵列中胜者j 对邻近i的牵动力；分析了弹性力的9个性质，对SOM学习过程中神经元权向量的演变过 程及拓扑映射保序的机理给出了易于理解的、形象的解释。

关键词：自组织特征映射(SOM)； 拓扑保序性； 模拟弹性力； 权向量移动

中图法分类号：TP183    文献标识码：A    文章编号：16725174(2004)0911605

A Simulated ElasticForce Analysis of SOM on Topological O rdering

FENG Tianjin, MA Lintao, DING Xiangqian

(Information Engineering Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：It is a difficult problem to analyze the mechanism of the ability of keeping topology orders by the SOM algorithm. This paper defines two kinds of simulated elasticforces, which are indirectly proportional to
the distance between pattern vectors and weight vectors, borne by a neuron i in the output lattice of Kohonen networks. One is the pullforce of an input patternvector to the winning neuron i and the other is the affectforce of the winning neuron j to the neighboring neuron i. The proposed elasticforces
have nine important properties. The mechanism of the evolvement of the weight vectors and the topological ordering of Kohonen's SOM may be understandably and visually explained by the new method described in this paper.

Key words: self-organizing maps (SOM)；topological ordering； simulated elasticforce； weight-vector moving




　

基于EMD和辛几何的运动员表面肌电信号分析与评价

牛迅1， 曲峰2， 王宁

1. 中国海洋大学物理系， 山东 青岛 266071； 2. 北京体育大学 运动生物力学教研室， 北京 100083

摘要：为对肌电信号的物理解释做出探索性的工作，本 文运用经验模态分解和辛几何的方法，对不同等级 短跑运动员腿部不同肌群的表面肌电信号进行处理分析。试验结果初步表明，应用上述2种 方法可对运动员等级和竞技状态做出有效的评价，而且2种方法对肌电信号处理结果的一致 性将有助于进一步描述肌肉系统的生物力学特性。

关键词：表面肌电信号； 经验模态分解； 辛几何

中图法分类号：TN911.6  文献标识码：A   文章编号：16725174(2005)0112505


Evaluating Sprinters Surface EMG Signals Based on EMD and Symplectic Geometry

NIU Xun1， QU Feng2 ， WANG Ning1

（1. Dept. of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071，China;2. Dept. of Sports Biomechanics, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100083, China）

Abstract:Myoelectric signals are nonlinear and nonstationary, which makes it difficult to analyse electromyographs using traditional methods. In order to assess sprinters muscle function and help them arrange their training plan scientifically, this paper mainly uses Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Symplectic
Geometry (SG) to analyze EMG signals sampled from the top national sprinters. The results of the experiment are consistent with the real situation. It is shown that the two methods can obtain effective evaluation of sprinters and discriminate muscle fatigue. Furthermore, by comparison, we find both results of EMD and SG are in agreement, which implies that this kind of the analysis may help us reveal dynamics of the muscle in future research.

Key words:electromyography (EMG); empirical mode decomposition (EMD); symplectic geometry(SG)


色散缓变光纤中三阶色散对脉冲频谱传播特性的影响

王进, 王晶, 李颖

(中国海洋大学光学光电子实验室， 山东 青岛 266071)

摘要：为探讨三阶色散对脉冲传播的意义，用数值模拟的方 法讨论了在色散缓变光纤中零色散波 长附近三阶色散对脉冲频谱演变的影响。通过对色散缓变光纤和单模光纤中脉冲频谱图的分 析表明，三阶色散使得频谱主峰位置产生漂移，并形成振荡峰。三阶色散值越大 ，振 荡峰越高，同时色散缓变光纤中三阶色散的影响明显大于普通单模光纤，说明色散缓变光纤 可有效抑制二阶色散作用。

关键字：三阶色散； 频谱； 色散缓变光纤

中图法分类号：O436.3文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)01130 03


Effect on the Propagation Characteristics of Spectra of ThirdOrder Dispersionin DispersionDecreasing Fiber

WANG Jin, WANG Jing, LI Ying

(Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract:Propagation of spectra affected by thirdorder dispersion in dispersiondecreasing fiber near zero dispersion wavelengths was studied by means of numerical simulation. The results were obtained from analysis
on pulse spectra in dispersiondecreasing fiber and single mode fiber that: due to the thirdorder dispersion,
the position of the peak shifts and a oscillatory pulse appears, the bigger the value of thirdorder dispersion the higher the peak of this oscillatory pulse. The effect of the thirdorder dispersion indispersiondeoreasing fiber is obviouslly greater than in single mode fiber, and this shows that the dispersiondecreasing fiber can restrain the effect of the secondorder dispersion.

Key words:thirdorder dispersion； spectra; dispersiondecreasing fiber



无机胶体和铁、铜离子对中肋骨条藻生长的影响


刘春颖, 张正斌, 张 成, 林 彩, 任春艳

（中国海洋大学海洋化学研究所， 山东 青岛 266003)


摘要：选择无机胶体粒子Fe(OH)3胶体 、伊利石胶体及其与金 属铁和铜，对中肋骨条藻进行了培养实验。结果表明：在培养介质中加入Fe(OH)3胶体后 ，在低添加量时可通过Fe(OH)3胶体提供满足微藻的生长所需的铁，从而提高其生长速度。但在较高添加量时(>0.5mg/L)，由于胶体物质的吸附特性，微藻的生长受到抑制。Fe(OH)3对中肋骨条藻的最佳的添加量在0.25～0.50mg/L之中肋骨条藻在加入伊利石胶 体液时，微藻的生长均产生明显的抑制作用。通过伊利石胶体对培养介质中铁离子和铜离子 浓度的调节控制作用，可直接影响到中肋骨条藻的生长。

关键词：无机胶体粒子； 金属； 中肋骨条藻

中图法分类号：P734文献标识码：A文章编号： 16725174(2005)0113705


Effects of Inorganic Colloid Particle and Trace Metals on the Growth of Skeletonema costatum

LIU Chunying， ZHANG Zhengbin， ZHANG Cheng， LIN Cai， REN Chunyan

(Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract: Skeletonema costatum was cultivated with the addition of inorganic colloid substance of Fe(OH)3 colloid and illite colloid and trace metals of iron and copper. The results showed that cell abundance and growth rate were promoted with a few Fe(OH)3 colloid particles; however, they were rest rained with more colloid (>0.5mg/L). The optimal quantity for Skeletonema cost atum ranged from 0.25mg/L to 0.50mg/L. When some illite colloid was added, microalga growth was inhibited. Through the adjustment of illite colloid for the concentration of iron and copper, the growth of Skeletonema costatum was influenced directly.

Key words:\ inorganic colloid particle； trace metals； Skeletonema costatum



对2种海洋赤潮藻生长影 响的研究

王修林， 张莹莹， 杨茹君， 战玉杰

中国海洋大学 化学化工学院, 山东 青岛 266003

摘要：探讨海区环境容量的估算，为海水水质标准的制 订提供理论依据，采用1次培养实验方法，研究了3种不同 浓度的营养盐(NO3-N,PO4-P)条件下Pb(Ⅱ)对旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve)的生长影响。采用抑制 率重金属离子浓度的对数方程拟合求算出3种浓度营养盐(NO3-N、PO4-P)条件下Pb (Ⅱ)对2种赤潮藻的96h EC50值，分别为8 373，2 563，2 307；18 523，10 445，3 494μg·dm-3，并根据方程应用origin 7.0拟合3种不同浓度的营养盐(NO3-N，PO 4-P) 条件下旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻在不同浓度Pb(Ⅱ)条件下的生长曲线。实验结果表明， 较低浓度Pb(Ⅱ)对旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻生长都有一定的促进作用，最佳促进藻类生长 浓度分别为454，258，51；351，194，35μg·dm-3；高浓度Pb(Ⅱ)对它们的生长 则表现为抑制作用，并且随着营养盐(NO3-N，PO4-P)浓度的增加，Pb(Ⅱ)对两种赤 潮藻生长的抑制作用是逐渐降低的，营养盐(NO3-N，PO4-P)与Pb(Ⅱ)之间可能存在 着拮抗作用。

关键词：Pb(Ⅱ)； 赤潮藻； 营养盐； NO3-N；PO4-P

中图法分类号：X131.2   文献标识码：A   文章编号：16725174(2005)011330 4



Effects of Pb(Ⅱ)on the Growth of HAB Algae at Different Concentrations of Macro Nutrients(NO3-N,PO4-P)


WANG Xiulin, ZHANG Yingying, YANG Rujun, ZHAN Yujie

(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)


Abstract：In a batch culture experiment, it was tested the effects of Pb(Ⅱ) on the growth of 2 species of HAB algaes(Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum) at different concentrations of micro nutrients(NO3-N and PO4-P). The results show that the 96hEC50 of Pb(Ⅱ) for the Chaetoceros curvisetus and Skeletonema costatum were found to be 8 373, 2 563, 2 307 and 18 523, 10 445, 3 494μg·dm-3 respectively. A growth model,which took into consideration of the effect of Pb2+ on the growth of marine algae, was used to describe the growth process of the HAB algaes at different concentrations of micro nutrients(NO3-N,PO4-P). The experimental results showed that higher doses of Pb(Ⅱ) inhibited the growth of the algae, while lower doses promoted the growth of the two HAB algae And the the effective concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ)that accelerated their growth most were found to be 454,258,51 and 351,194,35μg·dm-3respectively.

Key words：Pb(Ⅱ); HAB algae; nutrient; NO3-N; PO4-P
　


基于浪潮组合的台风暴潮强度等级划分

董胜1, 余海静1, 郝小丽2

(1. 中国海洋大学工程学院, 山东 青岛 266071; 2. 中国港湾建设总公司第一航务工程局二公司, 山东 青岛 266071)


摘要：为准确定位风暴的强弱及灾害的大小，文中提出了泊 松二维对数正态分布，并将其用于海岸地 区台风暴潮致灾强度的长期预测。选取青岛地区建国以来所出现的主要台风暴潮作为观测资 料，以水位和显著波高系列组成样本，进行了台风暴潮重现期的统计推算。提出了判别台风 暴潮致灾强度的新标准。实例显示，新标准概念清楚，简单易行，适用于青岛地区台风暴潮 的强度确定。基于新模式的风暴潮强度随机分析方法对我国其它海岸地区的防潮减灾具有参 考意义。

关键词：台风暴潮； 泊松二维对数正态分布； 重现期； 强 度； 减灾

中图法分类号：X43； P731.23文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0115205


Typhoon Surge Intensity Grade Classification Based on Combination of Wave Height and Tide Level

DONG Sheng1, YU Haijing1, HAO Xiaoli2

(1. College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. No.2 Eng. Co. of CHECTianjin Port Const. Corp., Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：Serious storm surge disasters are frequently caused by higher tidal levels and concomitant huge wave heights toward the shoreline. In order to overcome the defects of the traditionally stipulated warning level, which cannot thoroughly describe the magnitude of a storm surge, a Poisson Bivariable Lognormal Distribution (PBLD) is presented to predict typhoon surge intensities. The PBLD model can take account of the joint distribution of bivariable extreme environmental conditions as well as the typhoon frequency. On the basis of observed tide levels and simultaneously occurred wave height series sampled from typhoon processes in the Qingdao coastal area since 1949, the return periods of typhoon surges are estimated. A new criterion is put forward to classify the intensity grade of a disasterinducing typhoon surge. Practical cases indicate that the new criterion is clear in probability concept, easy to operate, and fits to the calculation of typhoon surge intensities. The procedure with the proposed statistical model will be of value for disaster mitigation in other coastal areas influenced by typhoons.

Key words：typhoon surge; poisson bivariable log normal distribution; return period; intensity; disaster mitigation

　

港区堤防布置的遗传算法优化

史宏达， 刘芸

(中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为探讨港口投资的最大效益，利用遗传算法来解决港区堤防布置的 优化问题。针对问题的特性设 计了目标函数、编码方式和适应度计算，选用了适当的选择、交叉和变异操作，数据结果显 示该方法具有良好的搜索性能。

关键词：港口； 堤防； 遗传算法

中图法分类号：P753文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0115705
　

Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a Dike Layout for a Port

SHI Hongda， LIU Yun

(Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003， China)

Abstract：In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to solving the optimization problem of dike layout. The object function, encoding scheme, fitness calculation, selection, crossover and mutation operations of GA are designed deliberately by taking into consideration the characteristic of this problem. The results show that the algorithm possesses good searching property．

Key words：port； dike； genetic algorithm


海底管道管跨段在内外流体作用下的竖向动力特性研究

李磊岩， 李华军， 梁丙臣， 王树青

(中国海洋大学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266071)


摘要：根据在复杂的海洋环境条件下，管道的动力特性受到内外流体的综 合作用影响，呈现与陆地管道不同的特点。研究了结构受到外界流体所产生的涡激作用，同 时考虑管内恒定流的影响，利用有限元方法对海底管道管跨段竖向振动的微分方程进行求解
。在此基础上得出了管跨段在不同外流流速情况下，内流流速与结构动力响应幅值的关系及 其对管跨段振动频率的影响，并进一步探讨了管跨失稳时的极限管内流速与跨长的关系，这 些结论对于海底管道设计具有一定实际指导意义。

关键词：管跨段； 竖向振动； 动力特性； 涡激振动

中图法分类号：P756.2文献标识码： A文章编号：16725174(2005)0116205


Study on the CrossFlow Dynamic Characteristics of a Sub marine Free SpanPipeline Subjected to Internal and External Flow

LI Leiyan, LI Huajun, LIANG Bingchen, WANG Shuqing

(College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：Under the hostile ocean environment, the dynamic characteristics of a submarine free span pipeline would be quite different from those of a pipeline on land as a result of the combined influence of internal and external fluids. This paper investigates the effect of vortex induced by external current on structures, meanwhile it takes the steady inner flow into consideration and solves the crossflow differential function of a submarine free span pipeline by means of the finite element method. The relationship between the inner flow velocity and the resonant amplitude of a free span pipeline under different external current speeds is achieved by the numerical study. Then the effect of the internal current speeds on the frequency of a free span pipeline is discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between the critical internal velocity in the case of instability and the corresponding length of a free span is explored in this paper. The conclusion from the research could provide some useful information for submarine pipeline design.

Key words:free span; crossflow vibration； dynamic characteristics; vortexinduced vibration.


水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜传热特性的研究

武雅洁， 梅宁， 李艳

(中国海洋大学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266071)


摘要：对管式高效传热传质元件的工程应用进行理论探讨，根据水平螺旋 槽管壁面液膜的形成机理及传热特性，通过建立单组
分流体的物理和数学模型，得到了液膜速度和厚度解析解,并分析了在蒸发、冷凝时水平螺 旋槽管的表面几何形状对液膜厚度分布的影响。结果表明：液膜的厚度主要受表面张力和槽 道表面几何形状的影响，在槽道内弯处较厚，而在槽道起始处较薄，冷凝时与蒸发时相比液 膜厚度更薄，液膜分布更均匀。相对于光滑直管，水平螺旋槽管壁面液膜具有更均匀的厚度 分布，具有更好的传热传质性能。

关键词：水平螺旋槽管； 强化传热； 液膜形成； 液膜厚度

中图法分类号：TK121  文献标识码： A  文章编号：16725174(2005)0116706

A Study on Enhanced Heat Transfer of Liquid Film Outside a Horizontal Spirally Fluted Tube

WU Yajie， MEI Ning， LI Yan

(College of Engineering，Ocean University of China，Qingdao 2 66071，China)

Abstract：In this work, a theoretical study of the formation of falling liquid film on the surface of a horizontal spirally fluted tube is presented. The mathematical model for pure fluid is established based on some physical simplifications. Analytical solutions of velocity distribution and liquid film thickness are obtained in the case of evaporation or condensation. The effects of the surface geometry of the spirally fluted tube on the formation of the liquid film are investigated. The results show that the formation of liquid film is mainly affected by the surface tension of the liquid and the surface geometry of the spirally fluted tube. The distribution pattern of the liquid film thickness is thicker at the bottom of the trough and thinner at the upper crest. Also, it is thinner and more homogeneous in the case of condensation than evaporation. Consequently, there is a significant improvement in heat transfer, compared with the classical smooth tube, where the film thickness is of an unbounded fashion.

Key words：spirally fluted tube; enhanced heat transfer; liquid film formation; film thickness
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