东海陆架环流季节变化的模拟与分析
鲍献文1，2, 林霄沛2, 吴德星2, 山峰3
(1. 中国科学院海洋研究所， 山东 青岛 266071；2. 中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室，山东 青岛 266003； 3. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，山东 青岛 266061)
摘要：在改进POM模式基础上，建立1个中国东部海域斜压准预报模式，利用全球海洋模式结果并结合实测资料以及高精度卫星遥感SST资料，进行了东海陆架海域温盐及环流年循环的数值模拟，并系统分析了东海陆架环流系统及其季节变化、各暖流的路径等广为关注的问题。模式结果表明：黑潮主轴主体沿陆架坡折走向，中段黑潮流幅由南至北增宽，流速变大，流核所达深度变浅。浙闽沿岸流是一典型的季风环流，台湾暖流终年表现出东、北两分支结构，其分支表现出明显的季节性变化特征。在东海东北部陆架海域，冬季黑潮以其分支形式向北入侵，夏季则主要以大陆边缘流的形式向北进入陆架。论文对各暖流的水源也进行了相应的分析。
关键词：陆架环流； 季节变化； 数值模拟； 东海
中图法分类号：P731.27文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0334908
Simulation and Analysis of Shelf Circulation and Its
Seasonal Variability in the East China Sea
BAO Xianwen1,2, LIN Xiaopei2, WU Dexing2, SHAN Feng3
(1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 3. First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 26606, China)Abstract:In this paper, based on an improved POM model, a baroclinic quasi prognostic model is built in the East China Sea. Using results of the global ocean model, some observation data and high accuracy remote SST data, the annual cycles of temperature, salinity and circulation are numerically simulated and some issues of wide interest, such as the shelf circulation system in the East China Sea and its seasonal variation and the paths of each warm current are analyzed. The results of the model show that the main axis of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea is along with the shelf break. The axis width becomes greater and greater from south to north with the velocity becoming greater and greater, while the current core becomes more shallow. The coast current along the Zhejiang and Fujian provinces is a typical monsoon circulation; the Taiwan Warm Current has two branches all the year round, which show obvious seasonal variations. In the northeastern shelf or in the East China Sea, the Kuroshio intrudes northward in the form of branches in winter, and enters into the shelf from the north as a continental margin current. The water sources of each warm current in the East China Sea are analyzed in detail.
Key words:shelf circulation; seasonal variation; numerical model; the East China Sea


长江口海域表层水温的季节、年际变化
周晓英1,2， 胡德宝2， 王赐震1， 胡学军2， 姚圣康2
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋环境学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 国家海洋局东海预报中心， 上海 200081)

摘要：为研究长江口与黄东海SST变化的异同，根据长江口区引水船海洋站1959～2001年、大戢山海洋站1977～2000年月平均表层水温资料，安徽大通水文站1968～1999年月平均径流量资料，利用功率谱分析、MannKendall突变检验及相关分析方法，分析长江口区表层水温的季节、年际变化特征。结果表明：长江口区表层水温最高值出现在8月份，最低值出现在2月份。长江口区表层水温的年际变化存在准2年和3～5年
的显著振荡周期，东亚季风和长江径流对其变化有影响。长江口区表层水温突变出现在1989年。

关键词:长江口； 表层水温(SST)； 季节； 年际； 功率谱； 突变； 季风； 径流
中图法分类号：P731； P343文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0335706


Seasonal and Interannual SST Variations in the Changjiang Estuary
ZHOU Xiaoying1,2, HU Debao2, WANG Cizhen1, HU Xuejun2, YAO Shengkang2
(1. College of Physical and Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Marine Forecast Center of East China Sea, National Oceanic Administration of China， Shanghai 200081， China)
Abstract: By power spectrum analysis, MannKendall abrupt change test and correlation analysis, we reveal the seasonal and interannual SST variations in the Changjiang estuary and find the characteristics of the SST variations. The results show that the highest SST appears in August and the lowest SST in February every year.There are SST oscillations in the Changjiang estuary with periods of quasi2 and 35 years. The Monsoon and Changjiang runoff affect the SST variations in the Changjiang estuary. The abrupt change in SST in the Changjiang estuary took place in the year of 1989.
Key words:Changjiang Estuary；SST；seasonal； interannual； power spectrum； abrubt change； monsoon； runoff

北印度洋的经向热输送与热收支的季节与年际变化
胡瑞金， 刘秦玉， 孟祥凤
（中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室， 海气相互作用气候实验室， 山东 青岛 266003）

摘要：探讨赤道以北印度洋的热量收支及变化机制。根据积分10年（1987～1996）的全球海洋模式（MOM2）资料，利用积分形式的热量平衡方程，系统地研究了北印度洋的经向热输送和热量收支的季节与年际变化。主要结论为：在季节尺度上，越赤道的经向热输送和赤道以北印度洋热含量变化有年循环特征，而海面净热通量呈现半年周期变化特点；在年际尺度上，热含量的变化主要由经向热输送的变化引起，其它项的影响较小；经向热输送集中在上500m，尤其在150m以上；在总的经向热输送中，经向翻转环流的贡献起主要作用，涡动项的贡献比较小；某一纬度上经向热输送异常以及此纬度以北印度洋总的海面净热通量异常与此纬度上纬向积分的纬向风应力异常有很好的相关关系；还分析了10°N 阿拉伯海和10°N 孟加拉湾的经向热输送与越赤道的经向热输送的关系，以及海面净热通量各分量的变化特点。
关键词：经向热输送； 热收支； 季节变化； 年际变化； 北印度洋
中图法分类号：P732.6文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0336307

The Seasonal and Interannual Variabilities in the Meridional Heat
Transport and Heat Budget in the Northern Indian Ocean

HU Ruijin， LIU Qinyu， MENG Xiangfeng
(Physical Oceanography Laboratory & OceanAtmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)

Abstract：The seasonal and interannual variabilities in the meridional heat transport and heat budget in the northern Indian Ocean are studied, based on the integrated heat balance equation and data mainly from a global ocean circulation model (MOM2) with an integration of 10 years (1987～1996). It is shown that the heat transport crossing the equator and the heat content change north of the equator have the period of one year, whereas the total net surface heat flux north of the equator exhibits a semiannual period. For the interannual variability, the heat content change is mainly caused by meridional heat transport, with small contributions from the other terms. The heat transport is concentrated on the upper 500m, especially upper 150m. Of the total transport, the contribution from the meridional overturning circulation is overwhelming, compared with the small effect of the eddy flux. There are tight relationships between the total heat transport across any latitude, the total net surface heat flux north of that latitude and the integrated zonal wind stress at that latitude in the Indian Ocean. A comparison of the heat transport across 10°N of the Arabian Sea and that of the Bay of Bengal with the heat transport across the equator, as well as an analysis of various components of the total net surface heat flux are also given.
Key words:meridional heat transport; heat budget; seasonal variation; interannual variability; northern Indian Ocean


太平洋北赤道流表层流速及分叉点位置
李丽娟， 刘秦玉， 刘伟
(中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室 海洋大气相互作用与气候实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：确定太平洋北赤道流表层流速及分叉点位置的变化是海洋环境研究中的1个重要问题。使用1987～1998年的WOCE浮标资料，通过估算得到了季节平均和年平均意义下北赤道流表层流速（1989～1998）。计算结果显示：北赤道流表层流的流速冬季最大，夏季最小，春秋两季相仿。在厄尔尼诺发生年的第2年,夏季平均流速往往较大。对浮标轨迹的逐年分析表明表层北赤道流分叉点的位置在11°N～14.7°N之间，从轨迹较为密集的4年的分析可以看出，表层流分叉点的位置具有年际变化，其中，2个El Nino年分叉点偏北。
关键词：北赤道流； 浮标资料； 表层流速； 分叉点
中图法分类号：P722；P731.21文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0337005

Surface Current Speed and Bifurcation of the North Equatorial
Current in the Pacific Ocean
LI Lijuan, LIU Qinyu， LIU Wei
(The Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Laboratory of
AtmosphereOcean Interaction and Climate, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China)
Abstract:The seasonal and annual average surface speeds of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) are estimated from the WOCE SVP drifting buoy data of 1985～1998. From the results, we draw the conclusion that the surface current speed of the NEC reaches its maximum in winter and minimum in summer, and there is little difference in the other two seasons. The speed in summer seems larger in the
year following an El Nino, A yearbyyear analysis of the buoy tracks to the east of the Philippines indicates that the bifurcation latitude of the NEC is between 11°N～14.7°N. From an analysis of the buoy tracks in the 4 years when they were denser, we can see that the position of bifurcation shows interannual variations, in 1992 and 1994,when El Nino, the bifurcation latitudes were alidle higher than the other years.
Key words:North Equatorial Current； buoy data； surface current speed； bifurcation
渔业产量和资源生物量数值模型及相关因子的初步研究
刘群， 王艳君， 尤凯
(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：对于渔业的中长期预报计算，是渔业种群补充的关键问题。本文在单位补充量产量和单位补充量生物量模型中加入了亲体补充模型即密度相关过程，并引入了白色噪音以模拟环境变化。结果表明：本研究(1) 可以明确地给出渔业种群崩溃的可能性，估计出达到崩溃时的捕捞死亡率；(2) 可以估计最大持续产量的绝对值；(3) 引入的白色噪音可以模拟环境变化对产量与捕捞死亡率和产量与亲体生物量关系曲线的影响。虽然亲体补充关系仍多是个假设，补充与亲体之间存在的补偿机制需要进一步的研究。
关键词：渔业的中长期预报； 单位补充量产量； 单位补充量生物量； 亲体补充模型； 白色噪音
中图法分类号：S934文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0337507

Preliminary Study on the Numerical Models and Related
Factors in Fisheries Catch and Biomass
LIU Qun, WANG Yanjun, YOU Kai
(College of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract:Recruitment in fish populations is one of the key problems in the longterm fishery forecast. This paper introduces the stockrecruitment model (i.e. a density dependent process) into the catch per unit recruit model and biomass per unit recruit model, and introduces white noise to simulate the changes in their environments. Results show that the work (1) can explicitly illustrate the possibility of stock collapse, and estimate the level of fishing mortality at which it may occur; (2) can estimate the maximum sustainable yield in absolute terms; (3) can simulate the effects of environment changes on the relationships of catchfishing mortality and catchspawning biomass with the introduced white noise. Although the stockrecruit relationship is largely an assumption, more research is needed for the compensation mechanism between spawning stock and recruit.
Key words:long term fishery forecast; catch per unit recruit; biomass per unit recruit; stockrecruit model; white noise

Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extracts（EGb761）on Erythrocyte
Lipid Peroxidative Injury
LI Jing， LIU Chengyu
(Department of Hematology，Medical College of Qingdao University，Qingdao 266021, China)
Abstract：The aims of this paper are to observe the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts（EGb761）on erythrocyte lipid peroxidative injury，and to explore the protective mechanism of EGb761 for erythrocytes. Normal erythrocytes were treated with active oxygen(H2O2).The effects of EGb761 on the hemolysis of erythrocytes，the concentration of the product of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation—malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and ATPase in RBC were measured，and the membrane skeleton structure of erythrocytes was studied under a transmission electron microscope. Compared with the control group，EGb761 could significantly decrease the erythrocyte hemolysis，and the effects were concentrationdependant: greater EGb761 concentrations. had more significant effects. EGb761 could decrease the erythrocyte MDA concentration and improve the activity of SOD and ATPase，and decrease the injury of erythrocyte membrane skeleton from lipid peroxidation and keep its integrity. EGb761 could，at the membrane level，directly resist the erythrocyte peroxidation caused by oxygen free radicals.
Key words：ginkgo biloba extracts(EGb761)； erythrocyte membrane； skeleton； lipid peroxides

综述
环境因子对贝类累积溶解态重金属的影响
王静凤， 张学成， 单宝田
（中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003）
摘要：对溶解态重金属的吸收是贝类累积重金属的重要来源之一,易受到生物因素和非生物因素的影响。综述溶解氧、温度、空气预暴露、化学物质预暴露等环境因子，诱导的机体代谢过程的改变，对溶解态重金属的累积和转运过程的影响。强调了贝类对溶解态重金属的转运除了被动转运之外，还涉及到需要ATP供能的主动转运过程。

关键词：贝类； 溶解态重金属； 溶解氧； 温度； 空气预暴露； 主动转运
中图法分类号：X145；X174；S944.4+2
文献标识码：A文章编号：16721574(2005)0338205


Effects of Enviromental Factors on the Accumulation of Dissolved
Metals in Bivalves
WANG Jingfeng, ZHANG Xuecheng, SHAN Baotian
(Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：The uptake of dissolved metals, a potentially significant source for overall metal accumulation in bivalves, is liable to be influenced by
biotic and abiotic factors. The emphasis of the paper is the influence of the shifts of metabolic process induced by environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, aerial preexposure and preexposure to chemicals
on the accumulation and transport of dissolved metals. It is highlighted that besides passive transport, dissolved metal transport into bivalves was involved in active transport coupled with ATP.
Key words：bivalves; dissolved metals; dissolved oxygen; temperature; aerial preexposure; active transport
养殖文蛤体内寄生的一种吸虫幼虫及宿主组织病理学
任素莲， 杨新春， 宋微波
(中国海洋大学水产养殖教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：作为文蛤吸虫病害研究的基础资料，报道了寄生在文蛤体内的1种复殖吸虫幼虫的形态结构及宿主由此所产生的组织病理学变化。研究表明：该吸虫分别为胞蚴和尾蚴。胞蚴圆筒形，内含不同发育阶段的尾蚴。成熟尾蚴体成扁平舌状，具有口吸盘、腹吸盘，1对眼点和1条细长无刺的尾巴。该吸虫主要侵占生殖腺，少部分幼虫进入附近的消化盲囊、鳃、肾等部位。轻微感染者，生殖滤泡萎缩，生殖细胞发育滞后；严重感染的宿主，生殖腺完全被侵占并耗尽。消化盲囊、鳃、肾等器官组织也因幼虫感染呈现不同程度的病理学变化；严重者上皮细胞水肿或脱落，肌肉组织结构紊乱或溶解等。本工作同时显示，吸虫寄生可诱发宿主血淋巴细胞大量增生，并产生凝集、组织浸润及形成包囊等免疫反应。
关键词：文蛤； 吸虫； 尾蚴； 胞蚴； 寄生； 组织病理学
中图法分类号：S941.5； R361+.2文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0338705

A Treamatode Larva Parasitized in Cultured Marine Bivalve, Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus and Its Histopathology
REN Sulian, YANG Xinchun, SONG Weibo
(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract:Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is one of the most important cultured molluscs in China, which has suffered a series of diseases and high mortalities in recent years. In spring 2003, sporocysts and their cerecarias of an unknown digenea were observed in cultured Meretrix meretrix from Laizhou, Shangdong Province. The main symptom in the infected clams was that the visceral mass became thin and dim, the mucus increased and the surface of the shell lacked luster. This study reports the morphological characteristics of the larva of the treamatode and histopathology of the host induced. The well developed cerecaria consists of two parts, the body and the tail. The body is flat and ligulate, with suckers, a pair of eyepoints, and the tail is slender and without any thorn. Histological examination reveals that most larvae occupied the gonad of the clam, relatively fewer appeared in other organs, such as the digestive diverticulum, gills, kidney etc. It not only harmed the tissues parasitized by the parasites, but also caused the other organs to debilite in various degrees. In heavy infestations, the gonad was completely destroyed and replaced by mass of larval treamatodes. Other organs showed pathological changes, e.g. the epithelial cells swelled, some were sloughed off the wall of the digestive tract, digestive diverticulum and gills. The structure of muscular tissue became irregularly arranged or dissolved, etc. The host hemocytes were seen congregated round the the parasites and formed the structure of capsules, and inflammations were induced in the host by parasitization of the treamatode. Our results indicated that treamatodes induced severe demolishmtent in its host. In the end, all of the essential organs broke down, causeing the death of the host.
Key words:Meretrix meretrix; treamatodes; sporocyst; cerecaria; parasitic; histopathology

胶州湾浮游桡足类18S核糖体RNA基因序列变异分析
门荣新， 杨官品， 沈锡权， 廖梅杰， 管晓菁
(中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：设计了桡足类特异引物，从胶州湾浮游生物混合DNA中选择性扩增了浮游桡足类18S核糖体RNA基因片段，建立了该基因片段变异类型文库。从文库中随机选择83个克隆，对所含的18S核糖体RNA基因片段进行了V. sp I和Bsh NI RFLP分析，发现5种操作分类单元（OTU），并对这些OTU的代表克隆进行了测序。分析发现获得的克隆均属于桡足亚纲。根据各OTU覆盖的克隆数计算的胶州湾浮游桡足类遗传多样性指数为0.96。特定基因序列分析能提供易整合、易比较的多样性数据，也是建立浮游生物群落结构分子生物学剖分方法的基础和形态分类的补充。
关键词：桡足亚纲； 生物多样性； 18S核糖体RNA基因
中图法分类号：Q178.53；Q75文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0339205

Variation Analysis of 18S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragments
Amplified from Jiaozhou Bay Plankton Copepod
MEN Rongxin， YANG Guanpin， SHEN Xiquan， LIAO Meijie， GUAN Xiaojing
(College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：A copepodspecific primer was designed and used to amplify the 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments of Jiaozhou Bay plankton copepod in combination with the universal primer of eukaryotes. A plasmid library containing all possible variants of copepod 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragments was constructed. The fragments were reamplified from randomly selected 83 recombinants and digested with Vsp I and Bsh NI, yielding 4 and 3 restriction patterns respectively. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses with two enzymes revealed 5 operational taxonomy units with their representatives, at least one each, sequenced. All sequences were assigned to copepod in systematic analysis. The genetic diversity index calculated from the abundances of recombinants covered by different OTUs is 0.96. The gene diversity analysis provides not only data that can be easily integrated and compared, but alsoa basis on which the molecular partitioning method of copepod community could be developed.
Key words:copepod； biodiversity； 18S ribosomal RNA gene

AIC与BIC在亲体补充量模型选择中的应用及比较
王艳君， 刘群， 任一平
(中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：由于渔业资源评估中补充量的剧烈变动、亲体量的测量误差以及时间序列的偏差常常使亲体补充量(SR)关系模型的确定存在很大偏差问题。本文以7种SR(StockRecruitment)模型的模拟数据作为观测数据，研究了AIC(Akaike Information Criterion)与BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion)在SR模型选择中的应用。作为例证，文中采用AIC和BIC对8组实际的SR数据进行了SR模型的选择，并对其结果进行了比较。参数的估计方法为最大似然法(Maximum likelihood method)。结果表明，AIC和BIC在SR模型选择中是有效的。但是，对于嵌套模型，BIC可能比AIC更有效。
关键词：亲体补充量模型； 最大似然法； AIC(Akaike Information Criterion)； BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion)
中图法分类号：S932文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0339707

Comparision of AIC and BIC in the Selection of StockRecruitment Relationships
WANG Yanjun， LIU Qun， REN Yiping
(College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：Variations in environmental variables and measurement errors often result in large and heterogeneous deviations in fitting fish stockrecruitment (SR) data to an SR statistical model. In this work, the maximum likelihood method was used to fit the seven statistical SR models on seven sets of simulated SR data. The best relationships were selected using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) methods, respectively, which has the advantage of testing the significance of the difference between the functions of different model specifications. The method was also utilized on eight sets of real fisheries SR data. The results showed that both AIC and BIC are valid in selecting the most suitable SR relationship. As far as the nested models are concerned, BIC is better than AIC.
Key words：stockrecruitment model; maximum likelihood; AIC (Akaike Information Criterion)； BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion)研究简报
海湾扇贝血细胞形态学比较研究
邵雁群， 李， 秦铭俐
（中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003）
摘要：为给海湾扇贝的细胞免疫学研究提供基本依据，同时采用光镜和电镜技术观察海湾扇贝血细胞的形态特征，并进行血细胞酸性磷酸酶活性的初步分析。结果表明，海湾扇贝的血细胞可分为透明细胞和颗粒细胞2种类型。与透明细胞相比，颗粒细胞数目多，酸性磷酸酶活性高，细胞核呈肾形或卵圆形，核质比低，细胞质内颗粒状物质丰富，颗粒大小不一，可明显分为大颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞2类。这些特征表明，海湾扇贝颗粒细胞和透明细胞的免疫学功能是明显不同的。
关键词：海湾扇贝； 血细胞； 酸性磷酸酶； 超微结构
中图法分类号：Q25；S968.3文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0340403

Haemocyte Morphology and Classification of the Bay Scallop
SHAO Yanqun， LI Yun， QIN Mingli
(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：Two types of haemocytes were identifed from the Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) by means of Giemsa stain. Hyalinocytes have a large round nucleus with a higher nucleocytoplasmic (N/C) ratio surrounded by a thin cytoplasmic layer; some hyalinocytes have double nucleus. Granulocytes are more abundant and larger than hyalinocytes but their N/C ratio is lower. Under the TEM, compared with hyalinocytes, granulocytes possess relatively more granules and organelles in their cytoplasm. Stainness by acid phosphatase (ACP) indicated that ACP in both types of haemocytes could be detected and the ACP activity of granulocytes was higher than that of hyalinocytes.
Key words：Argopecten irradians; haemocyte; the acid phosphatase (ACP); ultrastructure
综述
计算机辅助药物设计中用于建模的计算方法研究进展
陈安进1，2， 石杰1，2
（1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛市市立医院， 山东 青岛 266011）
摘要：通过检索国内外相关领域的大量研究文献，并结合作者的研究经验，综述了计算机辅助药物设计中计算方法的发展及其应用的最新进展，并对计算方法的选用原则进行了探讨，以期为从事CADD工作者合理选择建模计算方法提供有价值的参考。
关键词：计算机辅助药物设计（CADD）； 定量构效关系（QSAR）； 计算方法
中图法分类号：R914.2； TP15文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0340705

The Development of Research on Calculation Methods Used in the ModelCreation of ComputerAided Drug Design
CHEN Anjin1，2， SHI Jie1，2
(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China）
Abstract:The latest development and the application of the calculation methods of ComputerAided Drug Design (CADD) are summarized by searching plenty of related papers in combination with the research experience of the authors. Meanwhile, the principle of the selection of calculation methods is also discussed. Valuable reference is offered to CADD researchers for selecting calculation methods reasonably.
Key words:CADD(ComputerAided Drug Design); QSAR(Quantitative StructureActivity Relationship); calculation methods
基于Beta波面分布的非线性海浪波高分布

陈正寿， 于定勇， 柳枝
(中国海洋大学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266071)
摘要：基于非线性Beta波面分布，采用经验变换，导出1种仅用随机波面偏度λ3和尖度λ4 2个参数表示的非线性海浪波高概率统计分布——波高类Beta分布。此分布发展了线性窄谱假定下的Rayleigh分布。就所用实验室资料验证而言，本文推导的波高类Beta分布要优于几种工程上常用的波高分布。 关键词：Beta分布；波高类Beta分布；波高；非线性
中图法分类号：P731.22； P752文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0341205
A New Nonlinear Distribution of Wave Height
Based on Beta Surface Distribution
CHEN Zhengshou， YU Dingyong, LIU Zhi
(College of Engineering, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract：Using the nonlinear Beta distribution for random wave surfaces, a new nonlinear statistical distribution function of wave height is obtained based on transform x=a2(1-Hr). The quasiBeta distribution, with two essential parameters ,ieskewness λ3 and kurtosis λ4 as the nonlinear factors, is a further development of the linear Rayleigh distribution of wave height. Laboratory observations show that the new nonlinear distribution of wave height based on Beta surface distribution is superior to the existing theoretical distributions and is more suitable for engineering practice.
Key words：Beta distribution; quasiBeta distribution; wave height; nonlinear
长江、黄河悬移载荷粒度组成的比较研究
潘燕俊1,2， 郭志刚1,2， 杨作升1,2， 范德江1,2， 孙效功1,2
(中国海洋大学 1. 海洋地球科学学院； 2. 山东省海底资源与探测技术省级重点实验室， 山东 青岛， 266003)
摘要：针对沉积物粒度参数对入海泥沙通量、物源和沉积动力模型研究的重要性，利用激光粒度分析仪对2000～2001年期间长江、黄河下游不同季节悬移载荷的粒度组成进行了比较研究。结果显示，长江下游悬移载荷的粒度组成以粉砂、粘土为主，几乎不含砂，分选较差，泥沙来源比较复杂。黄河下游悬移载荷的粒度组成以粉砂为主，粘土次之，并含少量砂，分选较差，泥沙绝大部分来自黄土高原。长江下游不同季节悬移载荷粒度组成差别较小，而黄河下游悬移载荷组成有明显的季节性变化。黄河与长江悬浮沉积物的粒度组成有显著的差异，沉积物物源、河道形态和纵比降以及水量变化可能是造成这一区别的主要原因。
关键词：长江； 黄河； 悬移载荷； 粒度组成
中图法分类号：X141； P572.31文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0341706

Comparative Study on the Composition of Grain Size of Suspended Sediments from the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers
PAN Yanjun1,2, GUO Zhigang1,2, YANG Zuosheng1,2, FAN Dejiang1,2, SUN Xiaogong1,2
(Ocean University of China 1. College of Marine Geosciences; 2. The Key Lab. of Seabed Resource & Exploration Technics, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：The grain size of suspended sediments from the downstream of the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in different seasons was measured using a laser grain size analyzer. The results show that the suspended sediments of the Changjiang River are mainly composed of silt and clay, and with almost no sand. The sorting of sediments of the Changjiang River is poor. The distributional pattern of grain size of the suspended sediments from the Changjiang River suggests that their source is complicated. The suspended sediments from the Huanghe River are composed mainly of silt and some clay. The sorting of the Huanghe River's sediments is poorer than that of the Changjiang River's sediments. The influential factors for the difference of grain size of suspended sediments between the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers may be their difference in source of sediments，morphology and longitudinal degradation of watercourse and runoff.
Key words:the Changjiang River; the Huanghe River; suspended sediments; composition of grain size
黄、东海柱状沉积物中生物硅含量的分析
赵颖翡1, 刘素美1, 叶曦雯1, 张\ 经1,2(1. 中国海洋大学， 山东 青岛266003； 2. 华东师范大学， 上海 200062)
摘要：对东、黄海2000年10月和2001年5月2个航次所获得的表层及柱状沉积物样品进行分析，在单点提取测定方法的基础上采用连续提取方法，利用斜率校正法扣除非生物硅的干扰，测定了东、黄海柱状沉积物中生物硅的含量。从整个东、黄海海域来看，沉积物中生物硅的含量<1%，属于低含量海域；讨论了沉积物样品处理方法对分析结果的影响，在此基础上分析了不同海区柱状沉积物中生物硅的分布特征以及沉积物中叶绿素、水体中硅酸盐、叶绿素、N/P比值等生态要素与沉积物中生物硅分布的相关关系。
关键词：生物硅； 沉积物； 东海； 黄海
中图法分类号：P593文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0342306
The Analysis of Biogenic Silica in the Sediments of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea
ZHAO Yingfei1， LIU Sumei1， YE Xiwen1， ZHANG Jing1,2
(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. East China Normal University, Shanslai 200062, China)
Abstract：The investigations were carried out in Oct.2000 and May 2001 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The biogenic silica contents were measured in the core sediments of the study areas. Some influential factors for BSi measurements (such as solidsolution ratio and sediment pretreatment methods) were also studied. The results indicate that: 1) There is no distinct difference between the freezeddried and ovendried pretreatment methods. 2) The BSi content is less than one percent in the research areas. The BSi contents decreases with depth in the core sediments. The seasonal variation of BSi contents is not great in the study areas.3) The distribution of BSi in the sediment is
similar to that of chla, nutritions and silicate in the water or sediments.
Key words：bioganic silica; sediments; East China Sea; Yellow Sea

一类生化反应动力系统极限环的存在唯一性
卓相来， 张同迁
(山东科技大学理学院， 山东 青岛 266510)
摘要：研究微分方程定性理论的应用，利用定性分析的方法，讨论了一类在生化反应中的动力系统，证明了其极限环的存在性、不存在性及极限环的存在唯一性，从而得到了完整的结果。
关键词：生化反应模型； 极限环； 稳定性
中图法分类号：O175.12 文献标识码：A 文章编号：16725174(2005)0342903

The Existence and Uniqueness of a Limit Cycle for a Dynamical System in Biochemistry Reaction
ZHUO Xianglai, ZHANG Tongqian
(College School of Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510， China)
Abstract：In this paper， a class of dynamical system in biochemistry reaction is discussed by using the method of qualitative analysis. And， at the same time，the existence, nonexistence and uniqueness of a limit cycle are proved， so that the entire results for the system is obtained.
Key words：model in biochemistry reaction； limit cycle; stability
MR 2000 Subject Classification：34C05

新定义的Fuzzifying半邻域系及其应用
左玥， 方进明
(中国海洋大学数学系，山东 青岛 266071)
摘要：本文用新的方法引入fuzzifying半开集的概念；利用此半开集概念确定fuzzifying半邻域系。最后作为应用定义了映射的fuzzifying半连续性并给出若干刻画条件。
关键词：Fuzzifying拓扑； 半开集； 半邻域系； 半连续性
中图法分类号：O189.13文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0343203
New SemiOpen Sets in Fuzzifying Spaces
ZUO Yue, FANG Jinming
(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract:In this paper, a new method is presented to introduce the conception of fuzzifying semiopen sets and we define the concepts of the fuzzifying semineighborhood system based on it. Finally, the fuzzifying semicontinuous degree of a mapping between two fuzzifying topological spaces is discussed as an application.
Key words:fuzzifying topology; semiopen set; semineighborhood system; semicontinuous mapping

多通道带乘性噪声系统的分部滤波算法
褚东升， 李莉， 陈萌
(中国海洋大学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：针对多通道观测环境下带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波问题，提出了1种状态最优滤波的分部算法。分部估计方法将状态估计分解为标称滤波估计和余项估计2项相加的形式。该算法在线性最小方差意义下是最优的。仿真实例表明，分部算法的鲁棒性更强，对系统初值的改变具有更强的适应能力。
关键词：多通道；带乘性噪声系统；线性最小方差；分部滤波算法
中图法分类号：TP13文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0343505
NonLinear FEM in Soilnail Wall Support Design
LIU Hongjun， WANG Xiuhai， ZHENG Jianguo
(Dept.of Geoenvironmental Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：Soilnail wall support is an economical, safe, and reliable suport pattern in foundation ditch engineering. In this article nonlinear FEM, which boasts many prominent advantages over traditional limiting equilibrium method, is applied to numerical simulation in soilwall support design. Regarding the soilnail and rock or soil media as an integrated system, it analyzes the mechanism of action, deformation of the soilnail supporu as well as the stress state in the soilnail wall, and calculates the deformation quanity in the final stage of excavation. Checking against practical engineering instances proves the rationality of the mathod and the conclusion drawn from the research is that it is valuable in the design and construction of soilnail wall supports.
Key words:soilnail support; nonlinear FEM (finite element method); foundation ditch; deformation analysis

Partitioned Filtering Algorithm for MultiChannel
Systems with Multiplicative Noise
CHU Dongsheng， LI Li， CHEN Meng
(College of Engineering，Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract：A partitioned optimal filtering algorithm for multichannel systems with multiplicative noise among observation channels is proposed. It decomposes the traditional state vector into the sum of the nominal filtered estimate and the remainder estimate. This algorithm is optimal in the sense of linear minimumvariance. Simulation examples to demonstrate the performance of the partitioned algorithms show that the algorithm possesses robustness and high adaptability.
Key words：multichannel; systems with multiplicative noise; linear minimumvariance; partitioned optimal filtering algorithm

青岛近海海域气溶胶干沉降通量模拟研究Ⅰ—Williams干沉降模型中潮湿粒子增长效应的改进
祁建华1， 李培良2， 李先国3， 冯丽娟3， 张曼平3
(中国海洋大学 1. 环境科学与工程学院； 2. 海洋环境学院； 3. 化学化工学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：为了计算青岛近海海域气溶胶粒子的干沉降通量，运用Gerber提出的湿度公式改进了Williams干沉降模型中湿度计算方法，使模型具有更加广泛的使用范围。利用改进后的模型讨论了湿度、风速、水气温差、破碎表面的转移系数和横向转移系数对不同粒径气溶胶粒子干沉降速率的影响。计算了不同粒径粒子的干沉降速率，并与干沉降速率的文献报道进行了比较。结果显示：改进的模型更适合于估算实际区域的气溶胶干沉降通量,可用于青岛近海干沉降通量的研究。
关键词：Williams模型; 干沉降通量; 青岛
中图法分类号：P426.61+2文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0344506
Estimation of Dry Deposition Fluxes of Aerosol Particles in the Qingdao Area Ⅰ: An Improvement on the Growth Effect of Wet Particles in Williams' Model
QI Jianhua1, LI Peiliang2, LI Xianguo3, FENG Lijuan3, ZHANG Manping3
(Ocean University of China, 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering; 2. College of Oceanography; 3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：Earlier Williams' model was improved to calculate the dry deposition flux in the Qingdao area, taking into more careful account the growth effect of particles under high humidity conditions, based on the work of Gerber. The improved model can be widely used to predict the dry deposition velocity in an actual region. Sensitivity tests for dry deposition velocity in relation to relative humidity, wind velocity, air/water temperature differences, broken surface transfer coefficient and lateral transfer coefficient are discussed. A comparison of the modeled dry deposition velocities for particles of different sizes and some recently published measurements demonstrated that the improved model produced more realistic and consistent data than earlier Williams' models in an actual region such as the Qingdao area.
Key words:Williams' model; dry deposition fluxes; Qingdao

水和土壤环境非水溶相污染物的表面活
性剂增效修复机制
马玉新1, 2, 郑西来1, 史凤梅2, 李玉瑛1
(1. 中国海洋大学，山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛大学，山东 青岛 266071)
摘要：分析了表面活性剂和非水溶相有机污染物在水和土壤环境中的相互作用，以及表面活性的特性，解释了表面活性剂增效修复水和土壤环境中非水溶相污染物的机制。表面活性剂溶液通过增溶作用和增流作用，驱除地下水含水层中的非水相液体以及吸附于土壤颗粒物上的污染物，提高地下水和土壤中憎水性有机污染物的现场修复速率。增效修复效果依赖于临界胶束浓度(CMC)、污染物和表面活性剂的吸附特性、污染物的溶解性和土壤类型等。表面活性剂能增加化合物的溶解度，降低与水的界面张力，并形成乳液。
关键词：表面活性剂； 土壤和地下水增效修复； 临界胶束浓度； 非水溶相流体(NAPLs)
中图法分类号：X523文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0345105

Apparent Copper Complexation Capacity of Surface Seawater in the North of the Bohai Bay
JIANG Zhihua1， MA Qimin1， YU Zhigang2， ZHANG Yanyan1
(Ocean University of China 1. Department of Environmental Science； 2. Department of Ocean Chemistry， Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：Using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV),the apparent copper complexation capacity (ACuCC), conditional stability constant (K) and the complexation capacity index (CCI) of 12 seawater samples collected in the North of Bohai Bay in 2003 were investigated and calculated. The ACuCC values in the area were between 228.0 and 673.4nmol/L, the mean value being 437.5nmol/L, the lgK values were between 7.41 and 8.84， with a mean of 7.89. The CCI values were between 72.69% and 92.92%, the mean being 82.93%. Which shows that there is a strong complexation ability for Copper in the North of Bohai Bay.
Key words：complexation capacity; copper; anodic stripping voltammetry; the Bohai Bay

Surfactant Enhanced Remediation Mechanism of
NAPLsContaminated Soil and Groundwater
MA Yuxin1, 2, ZHENG Xilai1, SHI Fengmei2, LI Yuying1
(1. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Qingdao University，Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract:The interaction of surfactants with NAPLs in soil and groundwater are reviewed. The properties of surfactants are analyzed to explain the mechanism of surfactantenhanced remediation of NAPLscontaminated soil and groundwater. The technology of surfactant enhanced remediation can enhance the removal rate of hydrophobic organic pollutants from soil and groundwater. Surfactants are used to remove NAPLs from aquifers and pollutants sorbed on to the soil by solubilization and mobilization. They are successfully applied to aquifer remediation and soil decontaminations. At various concentrations, surfactants exert different effects on the biodegradation of organic pollutants. The efficiency of enhanced remediation depends on the critical micelle concentration(CMC), pollutants, adsorption properties of surfactant, solubility of pollutants and soil type. The most important parameter of mobilization is the CMC. Only when micelles are present does significant desorption of such pollutants from the soil surface occur. Under some conditions, usually at concentrations well below the CMC, the presence of surfactants can form hemimicelles and enhance the adsorption of NAPLs to the soil. Surfactants increase compounds'solubility, lower the isterfacial tension between them and water, and spontaneously form emulsions.
Key words:surfactant； soil and groundwater enhancedremediation； critical micelle concentration(CMC)； non aqueous phase liquids(NAPLs)

壳聚糖季铵盐的合成及性质研究

张艳艳， 马启敏， 江志华
(中国海洋大学环境科学系 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：为开发利用壳聚糖及其衍生物，采用异相法合成了壳聚糖季铵盐——羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(HACC)，并分别用红外光谱、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征；通过扫描电镜图对比分析了CS和HACC的粒度和外貌形态变化。在此基础上，测定了HACC的取代度(DQ)，并对其溶液性质进行研究。结果表明：通过在壳聚糖分子结构中N上引入季铵盐侧链合成的HACC，具有较好的水溶性和较高的稳定性，室温下水中溶解度达10%，1%醋酸水溶液粘度在12d内、水溶液粘度在pH=3～9范围内几乎没有降低。
关键词：壳聚糖；壳聚糖季铵盐；取代度；稳定性
中图法分类号：O636； X13文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0345904
Synthesis and Studies on Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan
ZHANG Yanyan， MA Qimin， JIANG Zhihua
(Department of Environmental Science， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract：Quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC) was synthesized in the heterogeneous system.The structure of HACC was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy，The particle size and morphology of CS and HACC were analysised by comparing the photographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM).The degree of quaternization(DQ) of HACC was measured and the properties of HACC solution were studied. The results showed that HACC had good water solubility and high stability. Its solubility in water was 10% under room temperature. The viscosity of 1% acetum hardly decreased in 12 days. And the viscosity of its aqueous solution was almost constant at pH 39.
Key words：chitosan； quanternary ammonium salt of chitosan； degree of quaternization； stability

异双希夫碱与La(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、热分解反应动
力学和抑菌活性
范玉华， 张冬梅， 毕彩丰， 邹言娜， 杨立荣， 李莹莹
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：研究稀土配合物在催化及生命科学领域的应用，以 L赖氨酸与水杨醛、糠醛作用合成了1种异双希夫碱配体C18H19O4N2Li(HLLi)。在异丙醇和甲醇体系中硝酸镧与该配体反应合成了1种稀土希夫碱配合物［La(HL)(NO3)］NO3·2H2O。通过元素分析、IR，UV，TGDTG及摩尔电导分析等手段对合成的配合物进行了表征，用非等温热重法研究了镧配合物的热分解动力学，推断出第二步热分解的动力学方程，并计算出了活化熵ΔS≠和活化吉布斯自由能ΔG≠。对配合物的抑菌活性进行了初步研究，结果表明配合物比配体具有更高的抑菌活性。
关键词：异双希夫碱； 镧配合物； 热分解动力学； 抑菌活性
中图法分类号：O641.4文献标识码：A
文章编号：16725174(2005)0346304

Synthesis,Thermodecomposition Kinetics and Abacterial Activity of a
La(Ⅲ)Complex with an Unsymmetrical Schiff Base
FAN Yuhua, ZHANG Dongmei, BI Caifeng, ZOU Yanna, YANG Lirong， LI Yingying
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：A new unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand (HLLi) was synthesized using Llysine, salicylaldehyde and furfural. A new solid La(Ⅲ) complex of this ligand ［La(HL)(NO3)］NO3·2H2O has been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV spectra and molar conductance analyses. The thermal decomposition kinetics of the complex in the second stage was studied under nonisothermal conditions by TG and DTG methods. The kinetic equations may be expressed as： dα/dt=A·e-E/RT·f(α)=A·e-E/RT·(1α)2. The antibacterial activity of the ligand and its complex was also studied. The result indicates that both the Schiff base and its complex have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the complex shows higher activity than the ligand.
Key words：unsymmetrical Schiff base; La(Ⅲ) complex synthesis; thermal decomposition kinetics; antibacterial activity

铜(Ⅱ)-苏氨酸-咪唑混配配合物的合成及其与DNA作用的光谱研究
张芳， 张前前
， 李苓， 王修林
(中国海洋大学化学化工学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：为设计合成具有应用前景的低毒抗肿瘤药物，本文合成了1种未见报道的铜(Ⅱ)苏氨酸咪唑混配配合物。根据元素分析、红外光谱、差热热重分析及摩尔电导率的测定对其进行表征；并以电子吸收光谱法及溴化乙锭(EB)荧光分析法研究了此种配合物与DNA的作用方式。结果表明：配合物［Cu(Thr)(Im)3］Cl·H2O(HThr=DL-Threonine，Im=Imidazole)与DNA作用时，使DNA电子吸收光谱的吸收峰发生微小位移，但该配合物在一定程度上又能够猝灭EBDNA体系的荧光，表明此配合物与DNA是以弱的插入作用相结合。
关键词：铜(Ⅱ)苏氨酸咪唑混配配合物； 鱼精DNA； 弱的插入结合作用
中图法分类号：O614.12文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0346704

Synthesis and DNA Binding Spectroscopy Studies of Cu(Ⅱ)ThrIm Complex
ZHANG Fang， ZHANG Qianqian， LI Ling， WANG Xiulin
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：A new complex of ［Cu(Thr)(Im)3］Cl·H2O ( HThr=DLThreonine, Im=Imidazole,)， which has not been published, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TGDTA and molar conductance. The interaction of the complex with sperm DNA has been studied by electronic absorption and ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that this complexe can make the absorption peaks of DNA only a little shift. However, it can at some extent quench the emission intensity of EBDNA system. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the interaction of ［Cu(Thr)(Im)3］Cl·H2O in binding with sperm DNA is weak intercalation.
Key words：Cu (Ⅱ)HThrIm complex； sperm DNA； weak intercalation
研究简报
三价砷和五价砷对鱼类乙酰胆碱脂酶的体外抑制比较
孟昭宇1， 林洪1， 王爱青2
（1. 中国海洋大学水生生物制品安全性实验室， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛理工大学， 山东 青岛 266033）
摘要：为开展水产品中三价砷的酶法快速检测工作，文中研究了三价砷（As3＋）、五价砷（As5＋）对8种鱼脑中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制率。结果发现，在10-7～10-4mol/L范围内，草鱼和鲫鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值有较好的线性关系，相关系数都在0.97以上；在10-6～10-4mol/L范围内，黑NB021、马鲛、鲈鱼脑中AChE的抑制率与三价砷的浓度负对数值的线性相关系数大于0.99。对于三价砷，由IC50得到AChE的敏感性为：美国红鱼>草鱼，鲫，鲈鱼>黑NB021，马鲛>鲤，白鲢。鱼种不同，AChE受到的三价砷、五价砷的抑制作用也不同。在浓度为10-6～10-4mol/L范围内，三价砷、五价砷对8种鱼脑中AChE的抑制作用存在极显著差异（p<0.01），三价砷对AChE的抑制作用远大于五价砷的抑制作用。
关键词：无机砷； 鱼脑； 乙酰胆碱酯酶； 抑制率； 敏感性
中图法分类号：TS254.7文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0347104
Comparative Study on the Inhibition of Arsenic and Arsenate to BrainAcetylcholinesterase from Different Fish Species
MENG Zhaoyu1, LIN Hong1, WANG Aiqing2
(1. Laboratory of Seafood Safety, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China）
Abstract：The inhibitory effects of trivalent arsenic(As3＋) and arsenate(As5＋) on brain acetylcholinesterase(AChE) from eight kinds of fishes were studied. It can be found that the AChE of
Ctenopharyngodenidellus and Carassius auratus show a good doseeffect relationship with -log［As3＋］. When the concentration of As3＋ is in the range of 10-4mol/L to 10-7mol/L, the linear correlation coefficients are more than 0.97. The AChE of Sabasdotes fuscescens, Scomberomorus niphonius and lateolabrax japonicus also have a good linear correlation with -log［As3＋］ when the concentration of As3＋ is from 10-4mol/L to 10-6mol/L(R>0.99). It can be concluded from the IC50 values that the sensitive order of AChE to As3+ is: sciaenops ocellatus> Ctenopharyngodenidellus, Carassius auratus, lateolabrax japonicus> Sabasdotes fuscescens, Scomberomorus niphonius> Cyprinus carpio, hypophthal michthys molitrix. the inhibitory rate was different with different fish species. When the concentration of inorganic arsenic is from 10-6mol/L to 10-4mol/L, great differences can be found between the inhibitory rates of As3＋ and As5＋(p<0.01) for eight kinds of brain acetylcholinesterase. The inhibitory rate of As3＋ is far greater than that of As5＋ for AChE.
Key words：fish brain； acetylcholinesterase； inorganic arsenic； inhibitory rate； sensitivity

研究简报
几种大型海藻对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制效应的初步研究
许妍， 董双林， 金秋
（中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003）
摘要：利用共存培养系统研究了大型海藻缘管浒苔、刚毛藻、石花菜、鸭毛藻、扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、海黍子、脆江蓠对赤潮异弯藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）生长的抑制效应并和孔石莼的作用进行比较。实验指出：孔石莼和缘管浒苔对赤潮异弯藻的抑制效应最强，石花菜次之；扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、刚毛藻、脆江蓠、海黍子虽表现出抑制作用但较差；鸭毛藻的抑制效应最弱。
关键词：大型海藻； 赤潮异弯藻； 生长抑制效应
中图法分类号：Q178.53；X171.1文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0347503
Study on Inhibitory Effects of Nine Macroalgae on the Growth of Heterosigma akashiwo
XU Yan， DONG Shuanglin， JIN Qiu
(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract:
Inhibitory effects of mine macroalgae on the growth of microalga Heterosigma akashiwo were evaluated using coexistence culture systems. In the result, the coexistence assays showed that the nine macroalgae, Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza were the best in their inhibitory effects on the growth of H. akashiwo, and Gelidium amansii was stronger, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, Grateloupia filicina, Gracilaria bursapastoris, Cladophora sp. and Sargassum kjellmanianum were weaker, and Symphyocladia latiuscula was the worst.
Key words：macroalga； Heterosigma akashiwo; inhibitory effect
体外方法研究海洋药物911和971对
大鼠CYP2E1的影响
石杰1，2， 庄安士2， 张雪玲2
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋药物与食品研究所， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛市立医院药物研究室， 山东 青岛 266011)
摘要：研究海洋药物911，971对大鼠CYP2E1是否有抑制或诱导作用，以及这种作用是否具有性别差异。取大鼠，雌雄各半，随机分为6个组：Ⅰ)雄性对照组、Ⅱ)雄性911组、Ⅲ)雄性971组；Ⅳ)雌性对照组、Ⅴ)雌性911组、Ⅵ)雌性971组，均采用钙离子沉淀法制备肝微粒体。在各组肝微粒体中同时给予一定剂量的探针药物及目标药物，进行孵育，于不同时间点取样，测定该探针药物的剩余浓度并计算其体外半衰期。结果表明：药物911 对CYP2E1活性无影响，971对雌性大鼠CYP2E1活性无影响，但对雄性大鼠的CYP2E1有显著诱导作用。由此可得出：药物对CYP2E1的影响存有明显的性别差异，971在同各种与CYP2E1代谢有关的药物合用时，应充分考虑其在不同性别间的差异，以避免可能出现的毒性反应或不良反应。
关键词：海洋药物； 氯唑沙宗； CYP2E1
中图法分类号：R282.77文章标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0347805

The Effects of Ocean Drug Candidates on CYP2E1 in Vitro
SHI Jie1，2, ZHUANG Anshi2， ZHANG Xueling2
(1. Marine Drug and Food Institute，Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China； 2. Drug Research Department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China)
Abstract：The effects of ocean drug candidates on CYP2E1 in rats and their sexbased differences were studied. All rats, half male and half female, were divided into six groups randomly: I) male control group, and II) male 911 group, III)male 971 group; IV) female control group, V) female 911 group, and VI) female 971 group. All liver microsome were prepared by the calciumion deposition method. Both the probe drug and the drug candidates were added into different groups and incubated, the samples were selected at different times and the residual concentrations of the probe drug was determined. Furthermore, the t1/2s in vitro were calculated. The results showed that drug 971 had a significant inducing effect on CYP2E1 in male rats while it had no effect in female rats. Drug 911 had no effect on both male and female rats. CONCLUSION: The influence of 971 on CYP2E1 was sexdependent. This sexbased difference should be considered carefully when 971 is used in future experiments, or administrated with other drugs related to CYP2E1 in order to avoid potential toxic or adverse effects.
Key words：ocean drug； chlorzoxazome； CYP2E1
研究简报
大菱鲆仔稚鱼期消化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的变化
陈慕雁， 张秀梅1， 连建华2
（1. 中国海洋大学水产学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 山东华新海大海洋生物股份有限公司， 山东 威海 264200）
摘要：针对海水鱼类仔稚鱼期高死亡率的现状，本实验采集不同发育阶段的大菱鲆，分析测定了酸、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及消化道碱性磷酸酶的活性变化，以期为提高大菱鲆仔稚鱼期的成活率和生长率以及优化饵料配方提供理论依据。结果表明，大菱鲆初孵仔鱼体内就已具有碱性蛋白酶活性，而酸性蛋白酶活性在15日龄左右胃腺出现时才测得。蛋白酶活性的3个极低值分别出现于仔鱼开口期，卵黄囊完全消失期和仔鱼向稚鱼的转变期。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性，5日龄时其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力水平。脂肪酶活性在仔稚鱼期一直很弱，进入幼鱼期后比活力迅速升高。碱性磷酸酶活性从初孵到50日龄左右始终保持较小幅度的上升，直到60日龄变态完成时才出现大幅度的升高。大菱鲆仔稚鱼发育过程中，消化道中各种酶活性变化显著，仔稚鱼变态完成后，蛋白酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增强，这标志着大菱鲆由稚鱼期向幼鱼期的转变及消化机能的完善。
关键词：大菱鲆； 发育； 消化酶； 碱性磷酸酶
中图法分类号：S965.3文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0348304

Development of Some Digestive Enzymes and Alkaline Phosphatase
Activities in Turbot Scophthalmus maximus Larvae and Juveniles
CHEN Muyan1, ZHANG Xiumei1, LIAN Jianhua2
(1. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Huaxinhaida Marine Biology Ltd. of Shandong, Weihai 264200, China)
Abstract:In order to provide a further theoretic basis for improving the survival rate, growth rate and optimizing the diet, the activities of some digestive enzymes and alkaline phosphatase were investigated during the larval and juvenile development of the turbot. The alkaline protease activity was identified after hatching. Acid protease was not present until the appearance of the gastric gland (about 15 days old). Three extremely low protease activities were observed during the period of the first feeding, the complete absorption of yolk sac and the transition from larva to juvenile. The noticeable amylase activity was present during the early stage of larvae and decreased significantly after they were 5 days old; from then on, it always remained at a low relative activity. The activity of lipase was very low before entering the young stage. The activity of alkaline phosphatase increased slowly from day 1 to day 50 but thereafter it showed a sharp increase. Important variations in specific activities of all the enzymes were observed during the period of development. At the end of metamorphosis, the activities of protease, lipase and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly, indicating the transition from juvenile to young and the improvement of the digestive system of turbot.
Key words：turbot; development; digestive enzymes; alkaline phosphatase
银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对红细胞脂质过氧化损伤的影响
李静， 刘成玉
(青岛大学医学院血液学教研室， 山东 青岛 266021)
摘要：观察银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对红细胞脂质过氧化损伤的影响，探讨其保护红细胞的机制。以活性氧（H2O2）作用于离体的正常红细胞，观察EGb761对红细胞溶血度、红细胞丙二醛含量（MDA）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和ATP酶（ATPase）活性及红细胞膜骨架结构的影响。结果表明：EGb761能明显降低红细胞溶血度，且随着浓度增加其作用逐渐增强，与对照组比较差异有极显著性（t=4.13～19.41，P<0.05，0.001）；EGb761能明显降低红细胞MDA含量，提高其SOD，ATPase酶活性，与对照组比较差异有极显著性（t=2.02～70.06，P<0.05，0.001）； EGb761能降低过氧化损伤对红细胞膜骨架的破坏，保护其完整性。可见EGb761能在膜水平上直接对抗氧自由基引发的红细胞脂质过氧化损伤，保护红细胞及其膜骨架结构。
关键词：银杏叶提取物（EGb761）； 红细胞膜； 骨架； 脂质过氧化
中图法分类号：R284.2文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0348705

The Role of CoCultivation of Pearl Mussels and
Fishes in the Control of Eutrophication
ZHANG Genfang1, DENG Minzhong2, FANG Aiping3
(1. Dept. of Animal Engineering, Jinhua College of Profession and Technology Jinhua 321007, China; 2. Hangzhou Aquaculture Sciences and Technology Institute Hangzhou 310029, China; 3. Jinhua WELLWANT new Aquaculture Tech. Co. Lt. Jinhua 321017, China)
Abstract:In order to seek a new measure to control eutrophication, field experiments were conducted during may through September, when eutrophication was developing. Pearl mussels and certain fishes were cocultured, meanwhile four main eutrophication indexes were determined regularly, and the populations of the aquatic organisms observed. It was found that a new biocoene came into being in a layer 2040cm under the surface, composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera, coelenterate and bryozoa, which were attached to the ropes, nets, floats and shells. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen and biochemical oxygen were thus reduced by 67.3%，73.2%，38.1% and 15.5%， respectively. The eutrophication was brought under control, and aquatic products such as pearls, shellfish meat and shells etc. were gained. This method of control is better than other methods in practical application.
Key words:the pearl mussel; culture; eutrophication; control
研究简报
鞭毛虫的扫描电镜样品制备
龚迎春1，2， 谷习文3， 余育和1， 沈韫芬1， 顾福康1， 倪兵4
(1. 中国科学院水生生物研究所， 湖北 武汉 430072； 2. 中国科学院研究生院， 北京 100039；
3. 湖北省农业科学院生物技术研究所， 湖北 武汉 430064； 4. 华东师范大学生命科学学院，上海 200062）
摘要：针对鞭毛虫样品制备中的难点，以Bodomorpha minima, Hollande 1942为材料, 对一类个体微小的异养性鞭毛虫的扫描电镜样品的制备做了初步探讨。以载玻片为载体，0.1％的多聚赖氨酸为粘附剂，2％的戊二醛为固定剂，采用临界点法干燥，获得了较为满意的扫描电镜照片。该技术可简化样品制备步骤，减少样品损失，对于其他原生动物样品和游离细胞样品扫描电镜的制备也有积极的借鉴意义。
关键词：Bodomopha minima； 扫描电镜； 多聚赖氨酸
中图法分类号：Q633文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0349603

Preparation of the Flagellate Specimens for Surface Scanning Electron Microscopy
GONG Yingchun1，2， GU Xiwen3， YU Yuhe1， Shen Yunfen1， Gu Fukang4, Ni Bing4
(1. Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072 , China; 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; 3. Biotechnology Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; 4. East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)
Abstract：The preparation of flagellate specimens for surface scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using Bodomopha minima, Hollande 1942 as the experimental material. Satisfying SEM micrographs were obtained using glass slides as carriers, 0.1% polyLLysine as the bond, 2% Glutaraldehyde as the fixing solution, and the critical point drying method. This preparation will prove to be useful for other protozoa and dissociative cell specimens.
Key words:Bodomorpha minima; scanning electron microscope; polyLLysine
醋酸对海链藻生长的影响
朱明1， 张学成2， 茅云翔2
(1. 淮海工学院， 江苏 徐州 222005; 2. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘要：为进一步研究、探讨和开发海洋硅藻，研究了醋酸对海洋硅藻海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)生长的影响。结果表明，pH值为8.0～9.0时，以醋酸调节pH值时海链藻的生长率高于用盐酸调节pH值时的生长率。1次性添加10～100mg/L醋酸都可促进海链藻生长；每日1次添加5～60mg/L的醋酸时，可明显提高海链藻的生长率。
关键词：海链藻; 醋酸; pH值; 混合营养; 生长率
中图法分类号：Q178.53文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0349905

Effect of Sargassum Hemiphyllum Polysaccharides on the ColonyForming
Unit of Bone Marrow Cells in Irradiated Mice
MENG Qingyong1, LIU Zhihui1, ZHENG Hui2
(1. Analysis Center of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, China; 2. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)
Abstract:The object is to investigate the effect of SHP(Sargassum hemiphyllum polysaccharides) on the hematopoietic function in irradiated mice. The methylcellulose culture method was used to detect the CFUS, CFUE, BFUE, CFUGM, CFUMeg and CFUMix in the irradiated mice. It was found that the numbers of CFUS, CFUE, BFUE and CFUMix were significantly reduced after irradiation of 5Gy γrays. However, SHP at dosage 20mg/kg～40mg/kg could inhibit their decrease. The development of CFUGM was also decreased by the irradiation and increased by SHP(10mg/kg～40mg/kg)which demonstrated the radioprotective effect of SHP. The number of CFUMeg was significantly lowered in the irradiated group than in the control group and higher in the SHP(40mg/kg) plus irradiated group compared with the irradiated group. The conclusion can be drawn that SHP has a protective effect on the cord blood hematopoietic stem cells in irradiated mice.
Key words:sargassum hemiphyllum polysaccharides(SHP); irradiated injury; colonyforming unit（CFU）; protective effect

The Growth Stimulating Effect of Acetic Acid on Thalassios sp.
ZHU Ming1， ZHANG Xuecheng2， MAO Yunxiang2
(1. Huaihai College of Technology, Xuzhou 222005, China; 2. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract：In the present paper, the stimulating effect of acetic acid on Thalassiosira sp. was investigated. In the range of pH value from 8.0 to 9.0, Thalassiosira sp. grew more rapidly when pH was regulated by acetic acid than that by hydrochloric acid; and while acetic acid (concentration being from 10mg/L to 100mg/L) was added was added to the culture medium, it could accelerate the growth of Thalassiosira sp., and when acetic acid (concentration from 5mg/L to 60mg/L) was added to the culture medium daily, higher growth rates than that in normal conditions were obtained.
Key words:Thalassiosira sp.; acetic acid; pH; mixotrophy; growth rate


兔抗鲑鱼降钙素抗血清的制备与鉴定
张宝红1,2， 张学成1， 臧晓南1
（1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院， 山东 青岛 266003； 2. 上海交通大学药学院， 上海 200030）
摘要：探讨降钙素抗血清制备的简便方法，用IPTG诱导重组鲑鱼降钙素（sCT）基因工程菌BL21(pGEX4TsCT)，超声波裂解后，用亲和层析凝胶纯化蛋白GSTsCT，并以此融合蛋白为抗原制备抗血清。实验证明：降钙素是1种半抗原；大肠杆菌表达的融合蛋白GSTsCT只具有鲑鱼降钙素免疫原性，而无谷胱甘肽免疫原性。经鉴定，制备的免疫血清具有良好的特异性和敏感性。
关键词：鲑鱼降钙素抗血清； 融合蛋白； 免疫原性
中图法分类号：Q789文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0350704

Preparation and Identification of Rabbit Antiserum Against Salmon Calcitonin

ZHANG Baohong1,2, ZHANG Xuecheng1， ZANG Xiaonan1
(1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China)
Abastact：After being induced with isopropylthioβDgalactoside(IPTG), fusion protein, glutathioneStransferasesalmon calcitonin(GSTsCT), was purified using Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography from the bacterium BL21(DE3) containing recombinant plasmid pGEX4TsCT. The purified GSTsCT was used as antigen to immune rabbit in order to prepare the antiserum of salmon calcitonin. The GSTsCT has the immunogenicity of sCT only, verifying that calcitonin is a hapten, and it is identified that the prepared antiserum has high specificity and sensitivity for sCT.
Key words：salmon calcitonin antiserum; fusion protein; immunogenicity
数学形态学方法在海面船目标检测中的应用刘颖健1，2， 唐功友1， 赵驯洪1
(中国海洋大学 1. 计算机科学系； 2. 海洋遥感教育部重点实验室， 山东 青岛 266003)

摘要：为进一步提高检测精度，提出1种将数学形态学方法应用到船目标检测数据后处理中的算法，根据该算法设计的数学形态学滤波器可以有效地消除SAR图像斑点噪声在船目标检测中造成的影响，减少船目标检测的误判，提高参数估计准确性。
关键词：SAR图像；船目标检测；数学形态学滤波器
中图法分类号：TN957.53文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0351104

Application of Mathematical Morphology in Sea Surface Ship Detection
LIU Yingjian1，2， TANG Gongyou1， ZHAO Xunhong1
(Ocean University of China, 1. Department of Computer Science； 2. Key Laboratory for Ocean Remote Sensing, Ministry of Education of China, Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract：An algorithm is proposed， which uses a mathematical morphology approach in the post processing of ship detection. During the process of ship detection, mathematical morphology filter, based on this algorithm, can effectively eliminate the disturbance of speckle noise in SAR images. It can decrease false alarms and improve the accuracy of parameter estimation.
Key words:SAR image; ship detection; mathematical morphology filter

浅海波导中刚性球声散射特性研究
王桂波， 彭临慧
(中国海洋大学物理系，山东 青岛 266071)

摘要：目标特性研究对军事及海洋开发具有重要意义。作者用Ingenito的简正波方法对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了理论研究。在理论推导中直接利用波导中简正波解，同时去掉文F.Izngenito等研究中的远场假设，使理论结果更具一般性。文中对浅海波导中刚性球的散射进行了数值计算，并进行了分析。结果表明，浅海波导中目标散射场特性与自由场中明显不同，海底、海面的存在使散射场在深度方向产生干涉，从而影响散射场的空间分布，海底声速及衰减系数对散射场空间分布有重要影响。
关键词：散射； 目标特性； 波导
中图法分类号：P733.2文献标识码：A文章编号：16725174(2005)0351506
Studies on Scattering from a Rigid Sphere in a Shallow Water WaveGuide
WANG Guibo, PENG Linhui
(Department of Physics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)

Abstract：The study of characteristics is of significance in both military affairs and ocean development. Sound scattering from a rigid sphere in a shallow water waveguide is studied theoretically in this paper. The scattering field is obtained using the Ingenito normal mode method. In deriving the normal mode expressions, mode amplitude functions are directly used, meanwhile the far field assumption is removed. Thus the theory is more applicable. The numerical simulation of the scattering field of a rigid sphere in the waveguide is conducted, the characteristics of the field are analyzed. The results show that the difference between the scattering field in a waveguide and that in free space is remarkable, the existence of the sea surface and the bottom causes interference in the vertical direction. The sound speed and attenuation coefficient in the sea bottom affect the distribution of the scattering field significantly.
Key words:scattering; target characteristics； waveguide

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