热带太平洋-南海-印度洋海面风与海面温度年际变化整体耦合的主模态

武 术， 刘秦玉， 胡瑞金

(中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室，海洋-大气相互作用与气候实验室(OAC)，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 利用COADS资料和相关分析、经验正交函数分解、奇异值分解和小波分析等方法对热带太平洋南海印度洋的海表面温度(SST)及海面风场(SSW)进行了研究，确定了热带太平洋、南海以及印度洋作为1个整体时海面风场及海面温度场相互作用的主模态。在把热带太平洋、南海和印度洋作为整体的情况下，研究了该模态的时空分布特征。各种方法研究均
表明，该模态在热带太平洋上为ENSO模态；在热带印度洋上为对应于ENSO态的印度洋“单极型”模态；在南海则表现为整个海盆尺度上的一致型。
关键词： 经验正交函数分解; 奇异值分解; 小波分析; 热带印度洋; 热带太平洋; 南海
中图法分类号： P732.3 文献标识码： A     文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-521-06


The Main Coupled Mode of SSW and SST in the Tropical PacificSouth China SeaTropical Indian Ocean on Interannual Time Scale
WU Shu， LIU QinYu， HU RuiJin
(Physical Oceanography Laboratory & OceanAtmosphere Interaction and Climate Laboratory， Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Based on the COADS data, the coupled mode of SSWA (sea surface wind anomaly) and SSTA for the whole tropical Pacificthe South China Seathe tropical Indian Ocean is studied, using various methods such as correlation analysis, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
and wavelet analysis. It is shown that there exists a dominant mode of SSWA and SSTA when considering the tropical Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea as a whole. Through conducting Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the main coupled mode for such a big area is found and discussed. In the Pacific the main mode is the ENSO cycle, a unanimous variance is found to be the dominant mode in the Tropical Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea has a basinscale homogeneity.
Key words： EOF; SVD; wavelet analysis; tropical Pacific; tropical Indian Ocean; the South China Sea


对一个西北太平洋上冷锋结构和锋生过程的分析


毕 玮， 傅 刚， 杨育强， 郭敬天， 石 睿

(1. 中国海洋大学海洋气象系，山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛市气象局，山东 青岛 266003)

摘 要： 为做好海上危险天气系统的预报，利用GMS(Geostationary Meteorology Satellite)5红外卫星云图和美国国家环境预报中心NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的航空FNL(Final Analysis)资料对2003年1月3日至4日发生在西北太平洋上的1个典型冷锋结构和相伴随的锋生过程进行了研究。卫星云图显示，该冷锋于2003年1月3日00UTC形成于西北太平洋上空，与锋面相伴随的云带呈东北西南走向，东起日本岛西南部，西至台湾岛以西。该冷锋于1月4日04 UTC在西北太平洋上空消亡。FNL资料分析表明，在锋区内存在1个较大的水平温度梯度带，水平风切变明显。该冷锋在垂直方向上具有明显的“
鼻状”结构，“鼻尖”约在900hPa高度上。分析发现锋生函数呈水平带状分布，其后缘基本上与海洋冷锋相重合。900hPa以下的低空锋区内剪切项起主要的锋生作用， 850hPa以上的高空锋区内拉伸项起主要的锋生作用，而扭转项与锋生函数的特征一致——锋生作用在锋前最为显著。

关键词： 冷锋； 锋生函数； 鼻状结构

中图法分类号： P732.7 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-527-07

Structure and Frontogenesis of a Cold Front over the Northwestern Pacific During the Period 3 to 4 January, 2003
BI Wei, FU Gang, YANG YuQiang, GUO JingTian, SHI Rui
(1. Department of Marine Meteorology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Weather Bureau of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: In this paper the horizontal and vertical structure of a cold front that that and frontogenesis process of a typical cold front that occurred over the Northwestern Pacific during the period 3 to 4 January 2003 are presented. Satellite images showed that this cold front formed over the Northwestern Pacific at
00 UTC 3 January 2003. The cloud band associated with the cold front was oriented in the NESW direction. The cold front did not dissipate over the ocean until 04 UTC 4 January. According to the FNL (Final Analysis) data, the cold front was found to have a typical horizontal and vertical structure with a maximum temperature gradient and obvious wind shear. A distinct noseshaped vertical structure of the wind shear existed at 900hPa. It was found that the bandzone ahead of the cold front was also a zone of maximum frontogenesis. The shearing term contributed positively below 900hPa. The major contributor to the frontogenesis was the stretching term above 850hPa. The frontogenesis ahead of the frontal zone was mainly due to the twisting term.
Key words: front; frontogenesis forcing; noseshaped structure


大洋细结构混合参数化方法在世界大洋环流模式中的应用
刘又毓， 范植松
(中国海洋大学海洋环境学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 在大洋环流模式中，铅直混合的参数化方法起着关键性的作用。将大洋细结构混合参数化方法首次应用于世界大洋环流模式中。使用中科院大气所(LASG)发展的20层世界大洋环流模式(OGCM)ML20，月平均风场作为强迫场，利用ML20模式在稳定初始状态下运行300a后的计算结果作为本实验进行数值模拟的初始场。该参数化方法对世界大洋环流模式的影响主要表现为：永久性温度跃层的厚度明显变薄；对深层水和底层水的模拟有改进；对南极中层水的模拟比较成功；但是对赤道海区的模拟结果欠佳。
关键词： 世界大洋环流模式； 大洋细结构混合参数化方法； 温度跃层
中图法分类号： P731.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-534-05

An Application of Parameterization Scheme of Ocean Finestructure Mixing to the Numerical Experiment of OGCM
LIU YouYu, FAN ZhiSong
(College of Marine Environment, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: In the study of the global oceanic general circulation model (OGCM), it is deemed by the oceanographer community that, the parameterization of vertical mixing plays a key role. In this paper, the scheme of parameterization of ocean finestructure mixing proposed by Fan (2002) is firstly applied to OGCM, which
is a twentylayer OGCM developed by IAP/LASG (ML20). In order to study the effects of the scheme of parameterization of ocean finestructure mixing on OGCM, the model is spun up from a motorial state, which has been attained by means of integration for 300 years using ML20. The initial conditions for temperature and salinity are taken from the threedimensional distributions of Levitus' annual mean observation with seasonal varying climatological forcing at the surface. The effects of the scheme on OGCM are mainly as follows: The simulated thickness of permanent thermocline is obviously thinner than that obtained from ML20; encouraging improvement in simulation of the deep waters and the bottom waters is obtained; A better simulation of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is obtained; But the simulation in equatorial regions is not satisfactory.
Key words: global oceanic general circulation model; scheme of parameterization of ocean finestructure mixing; thermocline


一次秋季大暴雨过程动力机制的数值分析
杨 波， 高山红， 吴增茂
(中国海洋大学物理海洋研究所，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 利用中尺度大气非静力模式MM5对2003年10月9～12日发生在冀东南和鲁西北的大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟。基于合理的模拟效果，着重分析了产生此次暴雨的动力、热力机制及中尺度天气系统之间的相互作用。结果表明：蒙古高压前部与西南低压外围在华北平原西部形成东北西南走向的锋面，冷暖空气相遇，在锋前形成大范围静力不稳定区；生成于河南西南部的中α涡旋向东北方向移动过程中引起地转平衡局地破坏，质量场向风场的调整过程中激发出惯性重力波，而惯性重力波的频散加强了西南风低空急流中急流核的移动，将水汽和能量向锋前输送；位于锋前的冀东南和鲁西北地区的大气层结不稳定度最大，重力波
传播到此迅速发展，触发了该地不稳定能量释放，造成了此次局地大暴雨。
关键词： MM5数值模拟；惯性重力波；低空急流；中α涡旋；中β涡旋
中图法分类号： P446 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-545-09

A Numerical Analysis on the Dynamical Mechanism of an Autumnal Heavy Rainfall Event
YANG Bo， GAO ShanHong， WU ZengMao
(Institute of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003，China)
Abstract: A heavy rainfall event that happened in Shandong and Hebei provinces during 9 to 12 October 2003 is simulated by using the PSUNCAR nonhydrostatic model MM5. Based on the reasonable results of the numerical simulation, the interaction of the mesoscale weather systems is analyzed. The results show that a
southwestnortheast front is generated in the west of the northern plain of China when the Mongolia anticyclone encounters a southwest cyclone. A mesoα vortex originates from the southwest of Henan Province, and the geostrophic balance is broken down when the vortex moves northeastward. The inertiagravitational waves are produced during the adaptation process of the pressure field toward the wind field. The dispersion process of the inertiagravitational waves intensifies the southwest lowlevel jet. The water vapour and the energy are transported to the front of the front mentioned earlier while the jet cores move northeastward. The inertiagravitational waves develop rapidly after they have moved to the southeast of Hebei Province and the northwest of Shandong Province where the maximal static instability exists. The development of the inertiagravitational waves results in the release of instability energy and the heavy rainfall.
Key words: MM5 numerical simulation; inertiagravitational wave; lowevel jet; mesoα vortex; mesoβ vortex
　

近50年我国江淮流域气候变化

田 红， 李 春， 张士洋
(1. 安徽省气象局，安徽 合肥 230061； 2. 中国海洋大学，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为了详实地了解江淮流域的气候变化和进一步做好短期气候预测，利用近50a气温和降水资料，从平均值和变率两方面研究了我国江淮流域的气候变化。结果表明：(1) 近50a来江淮流域气候变化的主要特征是气候变暖，与全国变暖的趋势一致；降水呈不显著的增长趋势。温度和降水由低基本态向高基本态过渡，目前均处于高气候基本态下；(2) 无论是温度还是降水，其变率随时间而变，目前均处于高气候变率时段，要注意高基本态和高变率结合易导致的高温、洪涝等极端气候事件；(3) 温度在1986年前后发生了一次突变，降水在1968年前后发生了一次突变。无论是温度还是降水，突变后均比突变前有所增加。根据突变
分析可将江淮流域近50a气候变化过程划分为相对冷干阶段(20世纪50～60年代)—相对冷湿阶段(70～80年代)—相对暖湿阶段(90年代至今)。
关键词： 气候变化； 温度； 降水； 气候突变； 江淮流域
中图法分类号： P434 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-539-06
The Climate Change in the YangtzeHuaihe River Valley over the Past 50 Years
TIAN Hong, LI Chun, ZHANG ShiYang
(1. Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Hefei 230061, China; 2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Using the data for the temperature and precipitation during the past 50 year, the climate change in the YangtzeHuaihe River Valley is analyzed. The results indicate that (1) Warming is the most primary mode of climate change, especially in winter. The precipitation also increased. Both climate base states of temperature and precipitation vary from low to high in the past 50 years. (2)Climate variability also varies with time, and at present both temperature and precipitation are in a phase of high base state and high climate variability so that we should be aware of frequent occurrences of extreme climate events. (3) There is an obvious climate jump due to temperature and precipitation respectively . The jump point of temperature happened in 1986 and that of precipitation happened in 1968. After the jumps both the mean annual temperature and the mean annual precipitation increased. According to abrupt change analysis, we can divide the past 50 years into three phases, i.e. the colddry phase (1950s～1960s), cold wet phase (1970s～1980s) and warmwet phase (since 1990s).
Key words: climate change; temperature; precipitation; climate jump; YangtzeHuaihe River Valley


中国和越南青蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因序列分析

王玉江， 高天翔， 韩志强， 刘进贤， 于常红
(1. 中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室，山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛大学医学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为确定我国青蟹的分类地位及其资源的合理利用与保护提供理论依据，对中国和越南青蟹的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段序列进行了测定，并同Genbank中其他青蟹的序列进行了比较，分析研究了青蟹种内和种间的遗传差异及其分类地位。结果显示：中、越青蟹个体间序列差异极小，与Genbank中Scylla paramamosain同源片段序列的相似性达到99%以上，而与其他3种青蟹的差异达3.91%～8.41%。所得序列与S. paramamosain，S. serrata，S. olivacea及S. tranquebarica的遗传距离分别为0.002，0.075，0.087，0.042，种间遗传距离远大于种内距离。序列特征、遗传距离和系统进化分析结果都表明本文研究的中国和越南青蟹均为S. paramamosain。
关键词： 青蟹； 16S rRNA基因； 序列； 分类
中图法分类号： Q346 +3； S968.25 +1 文献标识码： A 文献编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-554-05

WANG YuJiang, GAO TianXiang, HAN ZhiQiang, LIU JinXian, YU ChangHong
(1. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： This paper deals with the sequence analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNAgene fragment of mud crabs collected from China and Vietnam. The result showed that there was least sequence variations among the samples. The similarity between these sequences and sequence Scylla paramamosain was in Genbank over 99%, But the diffence with the other three species were 3.91%～8.41%. Based on Kimura's 2parameter model, the distances between the sequences with S. paramamosain, S.serrata, S. olivacea, and S. tranquebarica were 0.002, 0.075, 0.087, and 0.042 respectively which the interspecific genetic distance was much larger than intra
specific distance from composition, genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the samples from China and Vietnam should be S. paramamosain.
Key words: mud crabs; 16S rRNA gene; sequence; species identification


罗氏海盘车腕再生过程的组织学研究
樊廷俊， 杜玉堂， 丛日山， 孙文杰， 汤志宏， 袁文鹏， 石 莹， 耿晓芬， 李明玉
(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部海洋生物系，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 对海盘车腕再生过程的研究，对于早日揭示棘皮动物等后口动物的再生机理具有重要意义。为了查清棘皮动物的再生方式及其机理，文中利用断腕创伤手术、组织化学和细胞化学技术对罗氏海盘车腕的再生过程进行了研究。连续跟踪研究结果表明，创伤8d后，在罗氏海盘车创伤腕的外表皮层和体腔上皮中均出现了干细胞原基样结构(blastemalike structure)。创伤腕的伤口愈合过程是1个多事件同期发生的综合过程，首先是真皮层中脱分化的肌肉样细胞向创伤处迁移和聚集，经再分化和组织重排逐渐形成成熟的真皮层组织，然后是外表皮层和体腔上皮中的脱分化细胞向创伤处迁移分别形成明显加厚的前表皮层和前体腔上皮，最后再分别分化为成熟的表皮层和体腔上皮。而海盘车腕的再生过程则包括新生腕芽的延长和残腕的延长2个事件同期发生的过程。新生腕芽的生长与延长是在创伤愈合的基础上，依靠表皮层、体腔上皮和真皮层来源的脱分化细胞的迁移和再分化先形成新生腕芽，随后在新生腕芽上又出现了新的干细胞原基样结构，使腕芽逐渐生长和延长。而创伤刺激下残腕的延长，则是在形成干细胞原基样结构的基础上，在残腔体壁的许多部位形成多个横跨体壁的“楔状”干细胞原基样结构，这些结构的多点插入及其再分化形成新的体壁组织使残腕得以延长。本文的研究结果还显示，罗氏海盘车腕的再生同时采用了表变态再生和变形再生2种方式。
关键词： 罗氏海盘车； 腕； 再生过程； 干细胞原基样结构； 伤口愈合； 组织化学
中图法分类号： Q2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-559-05

Histological Examination of Arm Regeneration Process in Starfish Asterias rollestoni
FAN TingJun, DU YuTang, CONG RiShan, SUN WenJie, TANG ZhiHong, YUAN WenPeng, SHI Ying, GENG XiaoFen, LI MingYu
(Department of Marine Biology, Division of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: Studies on the regeneration process of amputated starfish arms are of great importance in the validation of the mechanisms of metazoan regeneration. To investigate the regeneration mechanisms of echinoderms, the detailed arm regeneration process in starfish Asterias rollestoni were examined by amputation techniques and staining methods of histochemistry and cytochemistry in this study. It was found that blastemalike structures, potential cell pools for the subsequent wound healing and arm regeneration, emerged from the outer epidermis and inner peritoneum near the tip of stumps 8 days after amputation. The wound healing
process includes three kinds of contemporary events: 1) the dedifferentiated musclelike cells under outer epidermis and inner peritoneum migrated and aggregated into the wound site, and redifferentiated into normal dermal tissues along with tissue rearrangements. 2) the dedifferentiated cells from outer epidermis migrated into the wound site to form a thickened preepidermis, and finally redifferentiated into mature outer epidermis. 3) the dedifferentiated cells from inner peritoneum migrated into the wound site to form a thickened preperitoneum, and finally redifferentiated into mature inner peritoneum. The arm regeneration process was executed via two different mechanisms, arm stump elongation and newly generated armbud elongation. The elongation of arm stumps was carried out by formation and redifferentiation of a great many body wallacross blastemalike structures, while the elongation of newlygenerated armbuds was carried out by the gradual growth of the newlygenerated armbud formed by the dedifferentiated cells from outer epidermis, inner peritoneum and dermis. Finally, it can be concluded that two regeneration manners, morphallaxis and epimorphosis, were both utilized in the arm regeneration process of Asterias rollestoni.
Key words: Asterias rollestoni; arm; regeneration process; blastemalike structure; wound healing; histochemistry


海带属褐藻生物学研究成就与进展
杨官品, 李晓捷, 石媛 , 张全胜, 丛义周, 刘 涛
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 山东 青岛 266003; 2. 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司,
山东 烟台 264003; 3. 烟台大学海洋学院, 山东 烟台 264005)
摘 要： 以海带(Laminaria japonica Aresch)为重点,综述了海带属褐藻生物学研究成就,
介绍了海带属褐藻遗传育种技术、育苗技术和分子生物学研究进展。海带属褐藻生物学研究
基础好,种质资源丰富,经济、生态价值高,是进行大型海藻遗传学和基因组学研究的理想材
料。
关键词： 海带属褐藻; 海带; 生活史; 杂种优势; 分子标记; 表达序列标签
中图法分类号： Q949.28 +8.4; 2943.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174 (2005)0456307

Achievements and Advancements in the Biological Study of Brown Algae in Genus Laminaria
YANG GuanPin, LI XiaoJie, SHI YuanYuan, ZHANG QuanSheng3, CONG YiZhou, LIU Tao
(1. College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Shandong Oriental Ocean SciTech Co. LTD, Yantai 264003, China; 3. College of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China)
Abstract: The achievements in the biological study of brown algae in genus Laminaria (hereafter Laminaria) are briefly reviewed together with the advancements in seedling raising procedures, genetic improvement methods and molecular biological study by placing emphasis on Haidai (L. japonica Aresch). Based on rich biological knowledge and perfect culturing technology available currently, rich germplasm resources and significant economical and ecological values, Laminaria should be proposed as an optimal choice for the most appropriate organism for both genetic and genomic researches of the macroalgae, especially the brown algae.
Key words: Laminaria; L. japonica; life cycle; heterosis; molecular marker; expressed sequence tag


紫菜属生活史和繁殖方式多样性的研究进展
汤晓荣, 姜红霞
(中国海洋大学海洋生物遗传学与种质工程实验室，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 综述了紫菜属种间以及种内的生活史多样性和繁殖方式多样性，以及减数分裂发生位置和性别形成等相关方面的研究进展；旨在加深和完善对紫菜属生活史和繁殖方式的认识，并推动近年来受本领域关注的对生活史多样性的形成机制的研究及其在育种实践中的应用。
关键词： 紫菜； 生活史； 繁殖方式； 多样性
中图法分类号： S969.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0457104

Diversities of Life History and Reproductive Modes in the Genus Porphyra
TANG XiaoRong, JIANG HongXia
(Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： The progress in diversities of life history and reproductive mode in the genus Porphyra is reviewed in this paper. The basic life history of Porphyrais heteromorphic and biphasic with a haploid foliose gametophyte and a diploid filamentous sporophyte. And there are other types of life history, i.e. sexual a
nd asexual reproduction as well as vegetative proliferation in the foliose thallus and filamentous thallus are summarized respectively. The position of meiosis and sex development are also discussed. The paper is quite helpful to systematize our knowledge to Porphyra life history and reproductive modes so that it will
promote the research on mechanism of diverse life history that is focused in recent years and its application in Porphyra breeding.
Key words： Porphyra; life history; reproductive mode; diversity


绒螯近方蟹的生物学初步研究
于晓明， 马 ， 高天翔
(中国海洋大学 1. 教育部海水养殖重点实验室； 2. 海洋渔业系，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 对绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsus penicillatus)的生态习性和繁殖生物学进行了初步的调查和实验研究。雌性、雄性甲宽与体重的关系分别为W ♀＝0.6056×L 2.980 6(n=132, r=0.96)，W ♂＝0.5893×L 3.121 5(n=50, r=0.97)。抱卵量与甲宽的关系为Q=865.82L-7275 (r=0.97)。幼体发育分为5期 状幼体和1期大眼幼体。胚胎、 状幼体和大眼幼体的发育积温分别为 219.4℃，226.35℃，49.3℃(以12℃为生物学零度)。
关键词： 绒螯近方蟹； 发育积温； 甲宽； 体重
中图法分类号： Q968.25； Q959.223 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04 57504

A Preliminary Study on the Biology of Crab Hemigrapsus penicillatus
YU XiaoMing， MA Shen, GAO TianXiang
(Ocean University of China, 1. The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education; 2. Department of Marine Fishery, Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract: The habit and reproductive biology of crab Hemigrapsus penicillatus were preliminarily investigated. The relationship between body weight and carapace width for H. penicillatus was found to be W ♀=0.605 6×L 2.980 6(n=132,R=0.96) and W ♂=0.589 3×L 3.121 5(n=50, r=0.97). The relationship between eggcarrying amount (Q) and carapace width (L) is Q=865.82L-7275 (r=0.97). Five zoea stages and one megalopa stage were observed before the larva developed into the first stage of junior crab. The accumulative temperatures for the embryo, zoea larva and megalopa larva development are 219.4℃, 226.35℃ and 49.3℃ respectively (12℃ is taken as biological zero degrees).
Key words: Hemigrapsus penicillatus; accumulative temperature; carapace width; body weight


胶南近岸海域三维潮流数值模拟
张学庆， 孙英兰
(中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院， 山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为胶南海域沿岸污水排海选址，海洋环境管理提供动力条件，基于变边界河口、陆架、海洋(ECOM)模式，模拟了胶南近岸海域三维潮流场。研究海域水平最大流速在斋堂岛水道，量值为1.0m/s。垂直流速表现为底层大，表层小的特点，其最大值分别为25.38×10 -4m/s和9.9×10 -4m/s。计算结果与实测结果符合良好，较好地刻画了胶南近岸海域M 2分潮潮流场的时空分布特点。
关键词： 胶南近海； 河口、陆架、海洋模式； 变边界，三维
中图法分类号： X145 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0457904

Numerical Simulation of 3D Tidal Current in the Offshore Area of Jiaonan
ZHANG XueQing, SUN YingLan
(Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： In order to provide a dynamical condition for the offshore area in the selection of sewage discharged location and environment management. Based on a 3d estuary coastal and ocean model (ECOM model) with a variable boundary, the 3D tidal current field in the offshore area of Jiaonam is simulated. The maximal horzontal velocity of current, 1m/s, is located at the Zhaitang island channel. The vertical current velocity in the surface layer is less than that in the bottom layer. The vertical maximal velocity is 25.38×10 -4m/s and 9.9×10 -4m/s in the surface layer and bottom layer, respectively. The computed result agress with the observation well. It gives temporal and spatial distributions of M 2 tidal current in the offshore area of Jiaonan.
Key words: offshore area in jiaonan； ECOM model； variable boundary； three dimension


模糊化(拓扑)导算子的公理化
安丰波， 方进明
(中国海洋大学数学系，山东 青岛 266071)
摘 要： 将模糊化(拓扑)导算子进行了公理化，并且给出了若干模糊化(拓扑)导算子的刻画；同时建立了模糊化(拓扑)导算子和模糊化(拓扑)闭包算子之间的关系。
关键词： I拓扑； 模糊化拓扑； 模糊化(拓扑)闭包算子； 模糊化(拓扑)导算子
中图法分类号： O189.13 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04583 04

Fuzzifying(Topological) Derived Operator Axioms
AN FengBo， FANG JinMing
(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： In this paper, we present the axioms which fuzzifying(topological) derived operators satisfy. Some comprehensive characterizations concerning fuzzifying (topological) derived operators are established. The relation between fuzzifying (topological)derived operators and fuzzifying (topological) closure operators is also discussed.
Key words： Itopology; fuzzifying topology; fuzzifying (topological) closure operator; fuzzifying (topological) derived operator
AMS Subject Classifications： 54A40


一类二阶时滞微分方程的边值问题
夏 青
(青岛大学数学系，山东 青岛 266071)
摘 要： 考虑一类二阶时滞微分方程的无穷边值问题，从分析这类方程的解对初值的依赖性得到了保证这类边值问题存在唯一解的充分条件。
关键词： 泛函微分方程; 振动性； 边值问题
中图法分类号： O175.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0458704

The Boundary Value Problems of a Class of Second Order Delay Differential Equations
XIA Qing
(Department of Mathematics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： In this paper, the boundary value problem is considered. The sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of a unique solution of the above problem are obtained.
Key words： functional differential equation; oscillation; boundary value problem
AMS Subject Classification： 34A10


多组多滞后区间中立型非线性时变控制系统的鲁棒镇定
王殿坤， 高存臣
(中国海洋大学数学系， 山东 青岛 266071)
摘 要： 采用无滞后控制系统与滞后控制系统的等价性方法，研究了多组多滞后区间系数中立型非线性时变控制系统的鲁棒镇定问题，给出了区间长度及时滞的估计范围，进而得到了系统渐近稳定的判定条件。此判据包涵了有关文献的结果，结论更具有一般性。
关键词： 时变非线性系统； 区间系数； 鲁棒镇定； Riccati方程
中图法分类号： TP13 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0459106

The Robust Stabilization of Interval Neutral Type Nonlinear TimeVarying Large
Scale Control System with MultiGroup MultiDelay
WANG DianKun， GAO CunChen
(Department of Mathematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： The robust stabilization problem of interval neutral type nonlinear timevarying systems with multigroup multidelay is considered by using the equivalence method of control systems with delays and without delays. The sufficient condition of robust stability is obtained. At the same time, the estimate formulae of interval length limitation and time delay limitation are given. The criteria contain the existing results in the literature, and the conclusion is more universal.
Key words： timevarying nonlinear system; interval coefficients; robust stabilization; Riccati equation
Ams Subject Classification: 34K20; 93C10; 93D09


P(x)Laplace方程正径向解的唯一性定理
赵元章， 黄桂芳
(中国海洋大学数学系，山东 青岛 266071)
摘 要： 本文给出了一类p(x)Laplace方程的正径向解在单位球上的1个唯一性定理，文章中假定p(x)是径向的单调函数，并且非线性项满足某种单调性条件。
关键词： p(x)Laplace方程; 正径向解; 唯一性
中图法分类号: O175.25 文献标识码: A 文章编号： 16725174(2004)0459702
Uniqueness Theorems for Positive Radial Solutions of p(x)Laplace Equations
ZHAO YuanZhang， HUANG GuiFang
(Department of Matahematics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract： In this paper, under the conditions that p(x) is radial with Some monotonicity and the nonlinearity satisfies some monotomcity, the uniqueness of the positive radial solutions of a class of p(x)Laplace equations on a ball is proved.
Key words: p(x)Laplace equation; Positive radial solution; Uniqueness
MR Classification: 35J70
AMS Subject Classification: 35J70


基于灰色系统的准公共性基础设施融资效果评价模型
孙梦元
(同济大学经济与管理学院，上海 20092)
摘 要： 针对准公共性基础设施融资效果评价问题，通过综合运用AHP法、灰色理论和模糊决策等，从指标体系的确立到模型的构建，提出了1种切实可行的定量、直观的评价方法，并通过实际的项目事例验证了评价模型的可行性和实用性。
关键词： 灰色系统； 准公共性基础设施； 评价
中图法分类号： C931.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0459904

Semi Public Infrastructure Financing Evaluation Model Based on Grey System
SUN MengYuan
(School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)
Abstract： As for financing evaluation on the semi public infrastructure, in this paper, a new practical and quantitative method of evaluation are proposed. It integrates method of AHP, the gray theory and fussy decision to identify the targets and to design the model. At last, it gives a practical example to confirm the feasibility and the practicability.
Key words: grey system; semi public infrastructure; evaluation


三度体磁异常的不定积分变换法研究
韩 波， 张维冈 1，2， 裴建新
(中国海洋大学 1. 海洋地球科学学院； 2. 山东省海底资源与探测技术重点实验室， 山东青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为发现和圈定干扰覆盖下的不明显异常，作者从三度磁性体的磁异常公式出发，推导磁异常的不定积分变换结果并由参量图方程绘得不定积分变换的磁异常参量图。本文针对2种规则形态磁性体推导其特征点规律，并进而用不同的方法求取磁性体的深度和磁性参数。在不同的空间几何参数条件下，讨论不定积分变换后参量图的曲线变化规律并总结其异常特征，提取判断产状的要素。该方法能简单有效地发现一些重要的地质信息，所得到的空间参数与变换异常间的特征点关系将有助于磁异常的分析。
关键词： 三度体； 不定积分变换； 磁异常； 参量图
中图法分类号： P318 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1672-5174(2005)04-603-05
HAN Bo， ZHANG WeiGang 1，2， PEI JianXin
(Ocean University of China 1. College of Marine Geosciences； 2. The Key Laboratory of Seabed Resources & Exploration Technics, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: From the formulation of two kinds of threedimensional abnormal magnetism， we deduce the result of indefinite integral transformation and draw a parameter plots by the parameter equation. This paper finds out the regulation of a series of characteristic points and obtains parameters with different methods toward the two kinds of magnetism. Under different geometrical conditions，we discuss the change of the parameter plots and the characteristics of abnormality. Furthermore, we extract the main factors of a body's shape by using this method.
Using this approach can obtain some important geologic information and will benefit practical interpretation.
Key words: threedimensional; indefinite integral transformation; magnetic abnormality; parameter plot


几种鱼皮胶原蛋白的理化特性及其影响因素
曾名勇， 张联英， 刘尊英， 董士远， 李八方
(中国海洋大学，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 利用水产加工废弃物研究了鳙鱼、鲈鱼、鲫鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白的氨基酸组成、粘度、凝胶强度、热变性温度(Td)等理化特性及其影响因素。结果表明，在0.1mol/L的乙酸溶液中鱼皮胶原蛋白溶液的粘度随着胶原蛋白浓度的增大而增大，随着温度的升高而下降。热水法提取鳙鱼、鲈鱼、鲫鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白的热变性温度分别为30℃,25℃,27℃。鱼皮胶原蛋白的凝胶强度则随着粘度、温度、pH值、外加介质等的变化而变化。
关键词： 鱼皮胶原蛋白； 理化特性； 改性
中图法分类号： S985.1 +3 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0460805

PhysicoChemical Characteristics and Modification of Several Fish Skin Collagen
ZENG MingYong, ZHANG LianYing, LIU ZunYing, DONG ShiYuan, LI BaFang
(Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: The Aminoacid composition, viscosity, gel strength, thermal denatured temperature(Td) of collagens from Aristichthys nobilis, latedabrax japonicus and Carassius auratus skin were studied. The results indicate that the viscosity of fish skin collagen in 0.1M HAc solution increases as the concentration of collagen is up, but decreases as the temperature of solution is up. The thermal denatured temperatures of hotwater extracting Aristichthys nobilis, latedabrax japonicus and Carassius auratus skin collagen were 30℃, 25℃and 27℃, respectively. The gel strength of fish skin collagen changes with the variation of the viscosity, temperature, pH, added substance, etc. The effects of pH, HCl and sucrose on the gel strength of Aristichthys nobilis, latedabrax japonicus and Carassiusauratus skin collagen were also studied. The results show that change of pH and addition of NaCl or sucrose affects the gel strength of collagen significantly.
Key words: fish skin collagen； physicochemical characteristics； modification of gel strength


碱湖高产碱性蛋白酶菌的选育和产酶条件研究
梅承芳， 江晓路， 牟海津， 王 鹏
(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部,山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 以分离自碱湖的产碱性蛋白酶菌V. metschnikovii DL33为出发株，经紫外线、硫酸二乙酯多次复合诱变，获得一高产突变株V. metschnikovii DL3351，其产生的碱性蛋白酶活力是出发菌株的5.74倍，48h发酵液酶活由350U/mL提高至2010U/mL。同时对菌株DL3351的产酶培养基和条件进行了优化，以最适产酶培养基26℃对V. metschnikovii DL3351进行摇瓶发酵，发酵40h，酶活达3268U/mL。
关键词： 碱湖； 碱性蛋白酶； V. metschnikovii DL3351
中图法分类号： Q936 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0461305

Screening of Alkaline ProteaseProducing Banterial Strais Isolated from a Soda Lake and Their Fermentation Conditions
MEI ChengFang， JIANG XiaoLu， MU HaiJin, WANG Peng
(Division of Life Sciences and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： An alkaline protease producer DL33 was isolated from a soda lake and identified as Vibrio metschnikovii. By combination treatment of DL33 with UV and DES, a mutant DL3351 was obtained, whose enzyme activity was 5.74 times that of the original strain, reaching to 2010U/mL with 48h shaking flask. The condition of enzyme production under flask shaking were investigated. Under the optimum condition, the alkaline protease activity could reach to 3 268U/mL, with 40h shaking flask.
Key words： soda lake; alkaline protease; V. metschnikovii DL3351


海洋来源白浅灰链霉菌中环二肽类化合物的分离与结构鉴定
古静燕， 刘红兵， 崔承彬 1,2， 顾谦群
(1. 中国海洋大学海洋药物教育部重点实验室，海洋药物与食品研究所，山东 青岛 266003 ； 2. 军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所，北京 100850)
摘 要： 为了寻找新的抗肿瘤活性化合物，采用硅胶、Sephadex LH20柱色谱和高效液相色谱，从白浅灰链霉菌Streptomyces albogriseolus (A2002) 中分离得到3个环二肽；利用理化及波谱学方法鉴定其结构分别为环(丙氨酸缬氨酸)［cyclo(AlaVal), 1］，环( 丙氨酸脯氨酸)［cyclo (ProAla), 2］ 和环(脯氨酸酪氨酸)［cyclo(ProTyr) , 3］。
关键词： 海洋来源微生物； 白浅灰链霉菌； 环二肽； 色谱分离
中图法分类号： 282.77； 282.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04 61803

Isolation and Identification of Cyclic Dipeptides from a MarineDerived Streptomyces albogriseolus
GU JingYan, LIU HongBing, CUI ChengBin 1,2, GU QianQun
(1. Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, China; Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Beijing Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, AMMS, Beijing 10085, China)
Abstract： In the course of our screening for new antitumor compounds from marinederived microbial strains, it was found that the acetonic extract from the fermentation of Streptomyces albogriseolus A2002, a marinederived actinomycete strain isolated from a Jiaozhou Bay sediment sample, significantly inhibited
the cell cycle of tsFT210 cells at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in tsFT210 cells. Thus, the chemical examination was undertaken on the constituents of bioactive fractions obtained by bioassayguided fractionation from the fermentation of producing strains. Compounds 13 were isolated by repeated column chromatography over Sephadex LH20 and silica gel, followed by the prepared HPLC separation. Their structures were identified as cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(AlaVal) (1), cyclo(AlaPro) (2) and cyclo(ProTyr) (3), respectively, by the spectroscopic method.
Key words： marinederived microorganism; Streptomyces albogriseolus; cyclic dipeptides; chromatography separation


低温贮藏罗非鱼微生物学质量变化特性和保藏期
许 钟， 杨宪时， 肖琳琳
(农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室， 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，上海 200090)
摘 要： 进行了罗非鱼在0，5，10，15℃贮藏过程中的微生物学质量变化特性和高品质期、货架期的研究，并对其特定腐败菌假单胞菌、细菌总数、VBN与感官评价的一致程度进行了探讨。结果表明，罗非鱼在0～15℃温度区域是淡水鱼中鲜度下降慢的鱼种，在0，5，10，15℃贮藏中，罗非鱼的高品质期分别为11，6，3和1.5d，货架期分别为20，9.5，5和2.5d。高品质期和货架期终点的假单胞菌数平均为(6.27±0.23)Log 10 cfu·g -1和(7.70±0.11)Log 10 cfu·g -1，显示了假单胞菌计数与罗非鱼的感官鲜度及保藏期具有较可靠的一致性。高品质期和货架期终点的细菌总数平均为(6.84±0.60)Log 10 cfu·g -1和(8.08±0.4
1)Log 10 cfu·g -1，VBN值平均为(11.8±1.38)mg·100 -1·g -1和(20.1±1.66)mg·100 -1·g -1，均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，表明细菌总数和VBN作为罗非鱼低温贮藏的鲜度指标与感官鲜度评价有较好的一致性。
关键词： 罗非鱼； 低温贮藏； 假单胞菌； 微生物学质量； 高品质期； 货架期
中图法分类号： S983 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0462105

Studies on the Microbiological Quality Change and Storage Time of Tilapia at Different Cold Storage Temperatures
XU Zhong, YANG XianShi, XIAO LinLin
(The Key and Open Laboratory of Marine Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Shanghai 200090， China)
Abstract: The microbiological quality change characteristic, high quality life and shelf life of tilapia stored aerobically at 0， 5， 10 and 15℃ were studied in order to investigate its chilled chain distribution feasibility. At the same time, the correlation between the numbers of Pseudomonas spp (special spoilage organisms of cultured freshwater fish stored aerobically at 0～15℃), the total aerobic counts, VBN, and sensory freshness were also discussed in this paper. The results showed that tilapia is a species of freshwater fish whose freshness decreases relatively slowly at 0～15℃. Cold storage temperature has a great effect on the storability of tilapia, the high quality lives of fish stored aerobically at 0， 5， 10 and 15℃ were 11， 6， 3 and 1.5 days, respectively and the shelf lives were 20， 9.5， 5 and 2.5 days, respectively. Under those four temperature conditions, the average counts of Pseudomonas spp were (6.27±0.23)Log 10 cfu ·g -1(2.0×10 6cfu·g -1) at the end of high quality life, and (7.70±0.11)Log 10 cfu·g -1(5.0×10 7cfu·g -1) at the end of shelf life, which showed that the correlations between the number of Pseudomonas spp, the sensory freshness and storage time obtained in our research were credible. At the end of high quality life and shelf life, the average counts of the total aerobic bacteria were (6.84±0.60)Log 10 cfu·g -1(5.1×10 7cfu·g -1) and (8.08±0.41)Log 10 cfu·g -1(1.7×10 8cfu·g -1)， the average values of VBN were (11.8±1.38)mg·100 -1·g -1 and (20.1±1.66)mg·100 -1·g -1, respectively. There were no significant differences (P＞0.05) in the total aerobic counts and VBN values at the four temperatures. The results showed that as freshness indictors, total aerobic counts and VBN values had some error at the beginning of the storage time, but the correlation
between them was satisfactory at the end of the storage period.
Key words: tilapia; cold storage; Pseudomonas spp; microbiological quality; high quality life; shelf life


酚羟基从乙酰基保护到苄基保护的一锅法转换
张 华， 李英霞， 朱石磊
(中国海洋大学 教育部海洋药物重点实验室，海洋药物与食品研究所，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要: 在Lemieux方法的基础上，将应用于糖类化合物的方法首次应用到酚类化合物上，报道了乙酰基保护的酚类化合物，在苄溴、氢氧化钾作用下于四氢呋喃中回流通过一锅转化法转换得到苄基保护化合物；在有多个乙酰基同时存在条件下，通过调节氢氧化钾的用量来控制苄基取代的程度。该方法操作简便，收率较高。
关键词： 乙酰基； 苄基； 酚羟基； 一锅法； 保护基
中图法分类号： RP14.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0462603


A OnePot Conversion of Acetyl Protection to Benzyl Protection of Phenol Hydroxyl
ZHANG Hua， LI YingXia， ZHU ShiLei
(Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education Marine Drugs and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： Based on the method of Lemieux, this paper applies a carbohydrate compounds synthesis method to phenol compounds synthesis, and reports for the first time a convenient and efficient procedure developed for conversion of phenol protective group from acetyl to benzyl with BnBr and KOH in refluxing THF in onepot. When there are two or more acetyl protective groups, the dosage of KOH will affect the degree of benzyl.
Key words： acetyl； benzyl； phenol； onepot； protective group


黄海鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究
徐宾铎 1，2， 金显仕， 梁振林
(1. 黄海水产研究所农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室，山东 青岛 266071；2. 中国海洋大学水产学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为开展不同取样区域，不同生境间和历史数据的比较研究，根据1985年和2000年秋季在黄海进行的渔业资源底拖网调查，应用分类学多样性指数从黄海、区域和局域3个空间尺度上分析了黄海鱼类群落分类学多样性的变化。在黄海尺度上，2000年等级多样性指数Δ +和分类差异变异指数∧ +明显降低，而1985年的分类学多样性指数值则接近于黄海鱼类主名录的理论平均值。在区域尺度上，分类多样性指数Δ，分类差异指数Δ +在黄海中、北部较高，南黄海较低；等级多样性指数Δ +为南黄海最高，中黄海最低，其区域尺度变化主要是由鲈形目、鲽形目、鲱形目和 形目种类，特别是软骨鱼类的种类数的分布变化造成的。 2000年3个区域的分类学多样性指数值分别低于1985年对应值。在局域尺度上，南黄海的南部、西部和中黄海的西部以及北黄海的鱼类群落等级多样性指数Δ +远小于黄海鱼类主名录的理论平均值，仅中黄海的东部和南黄海的东部的等级多样性指数值接近理论平均值。
关键词： 黄海； 鱼类群落； 分类学多样性； 分类学差异
中图法分类号： S932.4 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0462906

The Taxonomic Diversity of Fish Communities in the Yellow Sea
XU BinDuo 1,2, JIN XianShi 1, LIANG ZhenLin
(1. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China； 2. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China )
Abstract: Based on the data from bottom trawl surveys in autumn 1985 and 2000, the taxonomic diversity and distinctness of fish communities in the Yellow Sea were examined using taxonomic diversity indices on the scale of the Yellow Sea, and on regional and local scales. On the scale of the Yellow Sea, the average taxonomic distinctness Δ + and the variation in taxonomic distinctness ∧ + decreased significantly in 2000, whereas in 1985 their values were close to those of the Yellow Sea fish master list. On the regional scale, the taxonomic diversity Δ and taxonomic distinctness Δ * were higher in the northern and central Yellow Sea, and lower in the southern Yellow Sea. The average taxonomic distinctness Δ+ was the highest in the southern Yellow Sea and lowest in the central Yellow Sea; the spatial variations were largely caused by the different spatial distributions of species belonging to orders Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Clupeiformes and Scorpaeniformes, especially those of cartilaginous species. Reduced average taxonomic values in all these three regional areas were observed in 2000 compared with their corresponding values in 1985. On the local scale, the southern and western parts of the southern Yellow Sea, the western part of the central Yellow Sea and the northern Yellow Sea supported assemblages where the average taxonomic distinctness Δ + values were much smaller than the theoretical mean. Values of taxonomic distinctness Δ + close to or occasionally greater than the theoretical mean were only found in the eastern parts of the central and southern Yellow Sea.
Key words： Yellow Sea; fish community; taxonomic diversity; taxonomic distinctness


四种齐墩果酸皂苷的合成
臧 静， 李英霞， 李春霞， 宋 妮， 岳彩立
(中国海洋大学 教育部海洋药物重点试验室，海洋药物与食品研究所，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 为获得高活性齐墩果酸皂苷药物候选分子，报道了4种单糖(葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖)与齐墩果酸的C3羟基进行糖苷化反应合成皂苷的方法。在合成中采用糖的全苯甲酰化三氯乙酰亚胺酯为糖基供体，齐墩果酸烯丙醇酯为糖基受体，在三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅醇酯(TMSOTf)的作用下，糖基供体与齐墩果酸的C3羟基进行糖苷化，以较高的收率和专一的立体选择性得到4种齐墩果酸单糖皂苷。化合物结构经核磁共振波谱得以确证。
关键词： 齐墩果酸； 齐墩果酸皂苷； 糖苷化
中图法分类号： R282.71； R965 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04 63506

Damage Localization for ThreeDimensional Structures
LI HuaJun, FANG Hui, S.L.James.Hu
(1. College of Engineering, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Department of Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI028821197, U.S.)
Abstract: In this paper Nondestructive Damage Detection in large/complete structures is investigated via vibration monitoring of three dimensional frame structures. An accurate, efficient method for the damage locations and damage severity simultaneously based on the employment of the cross modal strain energy (CMSE) is presented. While traditional modal strain energy methods must compare the modal information from the same ith mode for the baseline (analytical) and damaged (measured) structures, no such constraint is required for the CMSE method. The major advantages associated with the CMSE method are that minimal measured modal information is required—often a single measured mode is sufficient. Additionally, the CMSE method does not require the analytical and measured modes to be consistent in scale, or to be normalized in any specific way. Numerical studies in this paper will be conducted for threedimensional fivestory frame structures based on synthetic data generated from finite element models. Two particular tasks, singledamage and multipledamage scenarios, are to be performed. Although the demonstration is conducted for a threedimensional frame structure, the new
method is also applicable to other kinds of structures.
Key words: damage localization; damage severity estimate; modal frequency; mode shape; modal strain energy


青岛市港口预留区分析
于定勇， 王海斌， 刘华兴， 柳 枝
(中国海洋大学工程学院，山东 青岛 266071)
摘 要： 预测了2010年和2020年青岛市港口吞吐量，分析了青岛市现有港口吞吐能力与预测吞吐量之间的矛盾和确定港口预留区的必要性；通过对青岛市港口和岸线资源现状的研究，提出了把四方区岸段、鳌山湾和董家口嘴两侧作为港口预留区。最终使青岛市港口形成以前湾港区为重点港区、环胶州湾港口群为中心、鳌山湾和董家口为两翼的“一湾两翼"的港口布局。该研究结果是编制青岛市海洋功能区划和青岛市港口远期规划的依据。
关键词: 吞吐量； 预测模型； 港口资源； 岸线资源； 预留区
中图法分类号： U651 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0464906

Analysis of Harbour Reserved Zones in Qingdao
YU DingYong, WANG HaiBin, LIU HuaXing, LIU Zhi
(College of Engineering, Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract: This paper predicts the harbour throughput of Qingdao in 2010 and 2020 ; analyzes the relation between the existing handling capacity and predicted throughput as well as the necessity to mark out the reserved harbour zones along Qingdao coast. Based on a comprehensive study of the current situation and coastline resources in Qingdao, three areas are proposed as reserved harbour zones, namely, the Sifang coast, the Aoshan Bay and the areas on both sides of Dongjiakou. In the future, harbours in Qingdao can be developed as a group in Jiaozhou Bay, Aoshan Bay and the Dongjiakou area, respctively. The obtained results could be served as the basis for the further research on the division of marine functional zonation and longterm harbour layout in Qingdao.
Key words: harbour throughput; forecasting model; harbour resources; coastline resources; reserved zone

日照地区风暴潮增水重现值计算
董 胜, 于亚群 1，2, 徐 斌
(1. 中国海洋大学工程学院,山东 青岛 266071; 2. 日照港建设工程质量监督站, 山东 日照 276826)
摘 要： 为给政府、规划、设计部门决策提供参考，采用组合分布法对日照地区风暴潮增水的重现值进行了计算。提出了以台风发生强烈的季节和月份进行统计抽样统计的替代方法，简化了工程设计初期的数据处理工作量；并给出了适用于日照地区风暴潮增水的分布模式。与传统的年极值法和过阈法相比，该方法考虑了风暴潮增水的季节变化，物理意义更趋明确。
关键词： 增水； 组合分布； 重现值； 日照
中图法分类号： P753； P731.23 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0465506

Return Values Calculation of Storm Surge Elevation in Rizhao Area
DONG Sheng, YU YaQun 1,2, XU Bin
(1. College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Rizhao Harbor Construction Engineering Quality Supervisory Station, Rizhao 276826, China)
Abstract: In order to provide decisionmaking reference for governmental departments, and planning and design departments, the Combined Distribution Method is utilized to calculate the return values of storm surge elevation in the Rizhao area. Compared with both the annual maximum method and the peak over threshold method, the proposed method can reflect the influence of seasonal variation on extreme storm surge prediction. The results show reasonable fitting to the measured data. Because the most severely occurred storm surges are caused by typhoons in the Rizhao area, this paper studies the feasibility of estimating the return values of storm surges sampled from dominant seasons or months rather than from all the year around for practical engineering design. The appropriate distribution model is also given for longterm stochastic analysis of extreme storm surges in the Rizhao area.
Key words: storm surge; combined distribution; return value; Rizhao


大气气溶胶中若干有机物的含量和季节变化
张志强， 徐少才， 王 燕
(1. 中国海洋大学化学化工学院，山东 青岛 266003； 2. 青岛市环保局, 山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 研究、探讨青岛近岸大气气溶胶中多芳烃类化合物的浓度水平、变化特征及影响因素。用高效液相色谱荧光检测法分析了青岛近岸大气气溶胶中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量水平，共检出13种多环芳烃化合物。结果表明该类化合物总量(∑PAHs)具有明显的季节特征， 呈现春季<秋季<冬季的特征，人类活动可能是其主要来源。
关键词： 大气气溶胶； 多环芳烃化合物； 高效液相色谱； 荧光
中图法分类号： X131.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0466105

The Concentration and Distribution of Some Organic Matter in the Aerosol of Qingdao Coast
ZHANG ZhiQiang, XU ShaoCai, WANG Yan
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 2. Bureau of Environment Protection, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： This paper reportes the PAHs contents and their changs in the aerosolin the coast of Qingdao by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. We found that the distribution of PAHs in Qingdao aerosol has distinct seasonal characteristics. The total concentration of the thirteen kinds of PAHs changes in the order of spring < autumn < winter, and indicates that human activity may be the major cause of atmospheric organic contamination.
Key words： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; aerosol; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);fluorescence


孤西断裂带下古生界褶皱块断型潜山油气成藏模式
王永诗， 彭传圣， 姜素华， 庄文山， 魏艳萍
(1. 胜利油田有限公司地质科学研究院，山东 东营 257015； 2. 中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 通过对孤西断裂带下古生界褶皱块断型潜山油藏的综合研究，总结出孤西潜山带经历印支期挤压逆冲、燕山期拉张负反转和喜马拉雅期拉张断裂改造3个构造演化阶段，形成了受北西向孤西断裂控制的内幕褶皱块断型潜山带，发育了不整合面风化壳型、潜山内幕孔洞型和构造裂缝型3种储集层类型，进一步厘定了高潜山和低潜山2大类5种潜山油气成藏模式，其中高潜山油气藏模式有风化壳型、反向断块内幕型和地层不整合型，低潜山油气藏模式有反向断块和顺向断块型2种，这对济阳坳陷潜山勘探及多样性潜山理论的完善具有重要意义，为实现成藏规律指导下的潜山勘探奠定了基础。
关键词： 孤西断裂带； 褶皱块断型潜山； 构造特征； 储集层类型； 油气成藏模式
中图法分类号： P618.130.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04665 05

Oil and Gas PoolForming Models of an Early Palaeozoic FoldBlock Buried Hill in Guxi Fault Zone
WANG YongShi， PENG ChuanSheng， JIANG SuHua， ZHUANG WenShan， WEI Yan Ping
(1. Geological Scientific Research Institute of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Limited Company, Dongying 257015， China； 2. College of Marine Geosciences， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266003， China)
Abstract: According to a comprehensive study of the early Palaeozoic reservoirs in the Guxi foldblock buried hill fault zone, it is suggested that the Guxi buried hill zone underwent three main formingevolving stages: extruding and thrusting stage in the Indonisian period, pulling apart and reversing counter stage in the Yanshanian period and fault recreating stage in the Himalayan period. The Guxi fault zone, controlled by the Guxi fracture in the north direction, has three reservoir types, including unconformity weathering crust, internal cavern of buried hill and structural fracture. In addition to high and low Buried Hills,
five types of oil and gas poolforming models are built, including weathering crust, internal cavern of reversal fault block and unconformity structure reservoirs for highlocation buried hills and reversal fault block and normal fault block for lowlocation buried hills. The theory of this paper is significant to J
iyang depression exploration and the perfection of buried hill diversity theory, and furthermore, it is a foundation for buried hill exploration under the direction of oil and gas poolforming rules.
Key words: Guxi fault zone； foldblock buried hill； structural characteristics； reservoir types； oil and gas poolforming models


济阳坳陷孤北低潜山煤成气成藏条件及特征
彭传圣 1，2
(1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京 100029； 2. 胜利油田有限公司地质科学研究院，山东 东营 257000)
摘 要： 以往济阳坳陷所探明的天然气几乎均为油型气，为了打开济阳坳陷煤成气勘探局面，通过研究已获煤成气流的孤北低潜山成藏特征，在综合运用录井、岩心、地化分析、测井及地震等资料基础上，分析构造演化特征，结果显示：孤北低潜山上古生界经历了印支期抬升剥蚀、燕山期中生界沉积后的抬升剥蚀等多次改造，至喜山期受埕南及孤北断层控制大幅沉降沉积后在馆陶组沉积时期开始大量二次生气；而埕南、孤北断层明化镇组沉积早期停止活动更为气藏的保存提供了保障，该低潜山气源充足、储层条件好、盖层条件优越，具有形成煤成气藏的条件。结果认为：本区气藏具有自生自储、上生下储和上生侧储3种运聚方式，除孤北低潜山的上古生界气藏之外，该区的下古生界风化壳和该区以南孤岛凸起的下古生界也是煤成气藏勘探的重要领域。
关键词： 济阳坳陷； 孤北低潜山； 上古生界； 煤成气； 二次生气； 成藏条件； 成藏模式

中图法分类号： P618.130.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0467007

The PoolForming Condition and Character of CoalFormed Gas in Gubei Deeply Buried Hill of Jiyang Depression
PENG ChuanSheng 1，2
(1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 2. Geological Scientific Research Institute of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Limited Company, Dongying 257015, China)
Abstract: The natural gas discovered in Jiyang depression came mostly from oil, but coalformed gas will become the main target of exploration in the future. Gubei deeply buried hill is a key place to search for coalformed gas from the Upper Palaeozoic. This deeply buried hill is abundant in oil resources, and has the suitable reservoir and excellent caprock, after all the favorable poolforming conditions owing to favorable structural history. Uplifted and denudated during the Indonesian Stage, Uplifted and denudated after being deposited in the Mesozoic during the Yanshanian, the structural history which was controlled by the Chengnan and Gubei faults during the Himalayan Stage and deposited on a large scale, made the gas source rock of the Upper Palaeozoic begin to produce secondary generation of natural gas during the Guantao Formation, both faults ceased moving at that time, which was in favor of the conservation of the gas pool. The migration and gathering types of gas pool consist of source and reservoir in the same bed , uppersource and lowerreservoir. Uppersource and sidereservoir.
Besides the Gubei deeply buried hill of the Upper Palaeozoic； the weathering crust of the Lower Palaeozoic and Gudao bulge in the Lower Palaeozoic are also important regions for coalformed gas exploration.
Key words: Jiyang depression； Gubei deeply buried hill； Upper Palaeozoic； coalformed gas； secondary generation of natural gas； poolforming condition； accumulation model


用砂泥岩互层模型检验垂向分辨率
邱 睿， 李庆忠
(中国海洋大学地球科学学院,山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 根据实际生产经验与理论分析，瑞利准则将垂向分辨率定义为λ/4可能并不合理。为了检验垂向分辨率，首先依据一次定性分析的结论，然后在此基础上设计一系列砂泥岩互层模型实验定量地分析并得出结论：将垂向分辨率定义为λ/8更为合理。
关键词： 垂向分辨率； 归一化互相关系数； 模型； 波阻抗曲线
中图法分类号： P631 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0467706

Using a Sand and Mud Interbed Model to Test the Vertical Resolution
QIU Rui， LI QingZhong
(College of Geoscience, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： On the basis of practical experience and theoretical analysis, this paper suggests that the value λ/4 specified for the vertical resolution by the criterion of Rayleigh may not be reasonable. According to the results of a qualitative analysis, the paper designs a series of sand and mud interbed model experiments to study the vertical resolution quatitatively，and finally draws the conclusion that it is more reasonable to specify λ/8 rather than λ/4 for the vertical resolution.
Key words： vertical resolution; normalized crosscorrelation coefficient; model; ingrated seismic trace


用静力触探参数确定地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值——以天津地区为例
邢恩桥， 许国辉， 杨俊杰
(1. 铁道第三勘察设计院勘测设计分院，天津 300251； 2. 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 承受水平荷载作用的桩基，规范中常采用m法进行桩基水平承载力的计算，地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值在规范中根据地基土的状态、类别以表格给出。在地基勘察中，现在广泛采用静力触探试验，直接利用静力触探数据给出比例系数m值，将使桩基设计所用参数更加直接准确。本文利用天津地区地层大量静力触探资料与地基土状态数据，利用统计分析回归方法，总结出地基土的液性指数I L与静力触探参数锥阻力q c及摩阻比R f 间的关系式，针对天津的地层土体，给出利用静力触探资料查用m值的表格，为桩基的设计计算提供资料。
关键词： 静力触探； 桩基； 水平抗力系数； 比例系数
中图法分类号： U442.2； TU473.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0468304

Determination of the Values of Proportional Coefficient m of the Horizontal Resistance Coefficient of Foundation Soils in Terms of Static CPT Parameters: Case Studies in Tianjin
XING EnQiao, XU GuoHui, YANG JunJie
(1. The 3rd Railway Survey & Design Institute, Tianjin 300251, China； 2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract: The horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation under a horizontal load is usually calculated through the m method specified in the design specifications. That is, the values of the proportional coefficient M of the horizontal resistance coefficient are listed according to the conditions and types of the foundation soil. Static CPTs are widely used in foundation investigations, and their parameters are utilized to calculate the M value so that the data used in the design calculation of pile foundations are more accurate. In this paper, based on the vast data of static cone penetration test parameters and the foundation soil conditions of soil layers in Tianjin, by statistical analysis and regression the relation formulae between the liquid index I L and the cone tip penetration resistance q c and the friction ratio R f are summarized. Using the stratum of soil in Tianjin as an example, the parameters for the design calculation of the pile foundation are provided by consulting the tabular M values based on the static CPT data.
Key words： cone penetration test; pile foundation; horizontal resistance coefficient; proportional coefficient


基于图像特征的航空高光谱数据油污染光谱曲线提取分析
卜志国 1，2， 周 凯， 黄 娟
(1. 国家海洋局北海监测中心，山东 青岛 266033； 2. 中国海洋大学海洋遥感教育部重点实验室，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 运用基于图像特征的相对发射率数据处理模型，对获得航空高光谱油污染水体数据和正常水体数据进行了反射率提取，得到了相对定标后的油污染水体和正常海水的光谱反射率数据。进一步对正常海水和油污染水体的光谱特性进行分析，通过反射率曲线比较，得出运用基于图像特征的反射率处理模型提取光谱信息和运用航空高光谱数据进行海上油污染检测的可行性。
关键词： 高光谱数据； 油污染水体； 图像特征；反射率； 提取
中图法分类号： 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)0468705

Spectral Extraction and Analysis of Oil Polluted Water from Airborne Hyperspectral Data Using Image Characteristics
BU ZhiGuo 1,2, ZHOU Kai, HUANG Juan
(1. North China Sea Monitoring Center， State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China； 2. Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： This paper describes the radiancereflectance transformation method based on image characteristics to obtain the reflectance of oil polluted water. Furthermore, the spectrum characteristics of normal seawater and oil polluted water are also analyzed and discussed, from which we reach the conclusions that the transformation method can be used for obtaining reflectance data and airborne hyperspectral data can be used for oil film detection as well.
Key words: hyperspectral data; oil polluted water; image characteristics; reflectance; extraction


海洋XML数据集成系统原型的设计与实现
田友强， 于 磊， 张晓峰， 蒋永国
(中国海洋大学 1. 信息科学与工程学院； 2. 海洋环境学院，山东 青岛 266003)
摘 要： 针对海洋学科中数据源的异构性，文中采用XML技术进行集成，实现了海洋数据的统一表示。本文以Java，XML和Web为支撑技术，提出并实现了1个多层B/S体系结构的海洋XML数据集成系统原型，其中利用了XML的新兴技术——可伸缩矢量图形(SVG)技术来实现基于XML的海洋数据的交互。作为国内海洋XML数据集成的第1个原型系统，旨在推动我国海洋XML的研究和开发工作。
关键词： 海洋XML； 数据集成系统； SVG； 异构数据源
中图法分类号： TP393； P731 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 16725174(2005)04 69106

Design and Implementation of a Marine XML Data Integration System Prototype
TIAN YouQiang， YU Lei， ZHANG XiaoFeng， JIANG YongGuo
(Ocean University of China, 1. College of Information Science and Engineering；2. College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Qingdao 266003, China)
Abstract： In this paper, considering the heterogeneity of marine data sources, the XML technique is applied to integrating marine data sources and realizing the uniform presentation of marine data. A prototype of marine XML data integration system, which is of multilayer B/S structure, is presented and implemented with the support of Java, XML and web. Most of all, a new XML technique, Scalable Vector Graphics—SVG, is applied to realizing the interaction of XMLbased marine data. As the first prototype of marine XML data integration system in China, t
he purpose of designing and implementing this system is to promote the research and development of marine XML in our country.
Key words： marine XML; data integration system; SVG; heterogeneous data sources